Yale University

Historicalevolution

Foundingperiod

In1638,ConnecticutinNorthAmericabecameaBritishcolony.AgroupofPuritansfromBritaintooktheMayfloweracrosstheoceantosettleinQuinnipiacBayandgraduallydevelopeditintoaprosperousNewHavenPort.PastorJohnDavenportbelievedthateducationcouldallowEuropeancivilizationtotakerootintheUnitedStates,soheproposedtoestablishauniversityhere.Althoughhisplanwasrepeatedlyfrustrated,histhinkinghasaffectedmanylocalpeople.

BecauseofthePuritanleaderC.MatherwasdeeplydissatisfiedwithHarvardUniversity'sincreasingtolerancetowardsnon-believers,soheencouragedtheBritishbusinessmenE.Yaledonatedmoneytobuildthisnewschool.TothankMr.Yaleforhisdonation,theschoolofficiallychangeditsnameto"YaleCollege",whichisnowthepredecessorofYaleUniversity.Theinitialcurriculumoftheschoolfocusedonclassicalsubjectsandadheredtoorthodoxreligiousviews.In1828,theUnitedStatesproposedthatthecurriculumofuniversitiesshouldfocusonpracticalsubjects.ThepresidentofYaleUniversityJ．Daipublishedthe"YaleReport"todefendtraditionalcourses.ThisreportstillhadanimpactuntilaftertheCivilWarandsloweddowntheprocessofintroducingpracticalliberalartscoursesinAmericanuniversities.In1908,YaleUniversitynolongerrequiredstudentstolearnancientGreekasacompulsorylanguage.AtthetimetheprincipalA.UndertheinfluenceofHadley,hebegantofocusonprofessionaltraining.Theuniversitylibraryhas6millionbooksandisoneofthelargestlibrariesintheUnitedStates.TheYaleUniversityArtMuseumwasbuiltin1823andhasawiderangeofcollections.ItisoneoftheearliestartmuseumsestablishedinAmericanuniversities.ThePeabodyMuseumofNaturalHistoryatYaleUniversityhousesimportantartifactsinpaleontology,archaeology,andhumanculture.Before1969,Yaleonlyenrolledboys,andthenco-edschools.

In1701,agroupofCongregationalmissionariesledbyJamesPierpondpersuadedtheConnecticutcourttoagreetoestablishamissionschoolsothatyoungpeople"canstudyartandsciencetoservethechurchandthecountry.",10pastorsentrustedtomanagetheschooltookout40booksfromtheirlimitedlibraryascapitalfortheestablishmentoftheschool.InOctober1701,thepastorselectedAbrahamPearson,agraduateofHarvardUniversity,asthefirstprincipal,andthechurchschoolwasformallyestablished.ButitwasnotuntilMarchofthefollowingyearthattheschoolhaditsfirststudent,JacobHemingway.In1707,thefirstgroupof18studentswereawardedabachelor'sdegree.Atthebeginning,theschoolhadnoschoolbuildings,andstudentswerescatteredinsixcitiesinConnecticuttostudy.In1716,thetrusteesvotedunanimouslytomovetheschooltoNewHaven.

In1718,Mr.ElihuYale,aseniorofficialoftheBritishEastIndiaCompany,donated9bundlesofgoodsworth562poundsand12shillings,417booksandKingGeorgeItothischurchschool.TheportraitandcoatofarmsofYalewerenothingshortofagifttotheinfantYaleatthetime.Fromthe1830stothe1980s,undertheunremittingeffortsoftheBishopofBerkeley,ReverendStyles,andPresidentPorter,Yalegraduallydevelopedfromacollegetoauniversity.

Laterdevelopment

Bythebeginningofthe20thcentury,withtherapiddevelopmentofAmericaneducation,YaleUniversityhasgrowntoanastonishingscaleanditsinfluenceintheworldhasalsoreachednewheights.

ThecurrentpresidentofYaleUniversity,PeterSalovey,summarizedtheschool’sdevelopmentprioritiesforthenext100years:“Firstofall,asoneofthebestresearchuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,YaleUniversityattachesgreatimportancetoundergraduateeducation.Quality.Secondly,thegraduateschoolsandprofessionalcolleges,togetherwithYaleCollege,arecommittedtocultivatingleadersandfamousfiguresinallfieldsoftheworld."

Pastpresidents

School-runningstrength

School-runningphilosophy

OneofthegoalsofYale'shumanitieseducationistocultivatestudents'humanisticfeelings-arationalattitudetoexplorethetruemeaningoflife,thatis,caringTherealizationofthevalueoflife,thefreedomandequalityofman,theharmonybetweenmanandsocietyandnature.Therefore,ontheYaleschoolbadge,thewords"brightnessandtrueknowledge"arewritten,thatis,toinherittheEuropeanhumanitiestraditions,forthechurch,morespecificallyfortheaxioms,andforthepeopletotrainclergy-inYale1701Thecharterstates:Thepurposeofeducationistoenableyoungpeopleto"servethechurchandpublicutilities."ThecurrentprincipalRichardLevinealsosaid:"Letyoungstudentsusetheiracademic,artisticandotherprofessionalachievementstocontributetosocietyandworkfortheimprovementofhumanlivingconditions."

Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury,theUnitedStatesproposedthatthecurriculumofuniversitiesshouldfocusonpracticaldisciplines.ManyuniversitiesintheeasternUnitedStateshaveestablishedpracticaldisciplines.ThewaveofcurriculumreformimpactedAmericanuniversitiesandYale,whichisknownforitsconservativeness.Itquicklyrespondedtothiswave.Asaresult,in1828,undertheleadershipofPresidentJeremiahDay,YalePublishedthefamous"YaleReport".

The"YaleReport"stronglyaffirmedtheimportantvalueofhumanisticeducationbasedonclassicalsubjectsandrejectedthepracticaleducationofscience,claimingthat"nothingismorepracticalthanagoodtheory,andnothingismorepracticalthanhumaneeducation.Itisevenmoreuseful.Theteachingcoursesofferedforundergraduatesinuniversitiesdonotincludevocationalstudies.Specializationmuststartlater...Mentaltrainingwillmakestudentsmoreresponsibleforsociety.”Thereportishostiletopracticalvocationalandtechnicalcoursesandinsiststhatextensiveandin-depthstudyofcommondisciplinesisofgreatbenefittotheformationofgoodeducationandhumanisticcareforstudents.

Thepublicationofthe"YaleReport"hashadahugeimpactontheAmericanhighereducationcommunity.Intheearly19thcentury,thefreedomofstudyinGermanyhadaprofoundimpactontheUnitedStates.Americanuniversitiesnotonlyacceptedtheideaof​​freedomofstudy,butalsoinstitutionalizedthefreedomofstudyforthefirsttimebyestablishinganelectivesystemandacreditsystem.However,theestablishmentoftheelectivesystemintheUnitedStateshasundergoneatortuousprocess.AsearlyasThomasJefferson'stime,boththeCollegeofWilliamandMaryandtheUniversityofVirginiahadadoptedelectivecourses,buttheseearlyreformswerequicklyhaltedbythepublicationoftheYaleReportin1828.

Inordertoupholdtheuniversity’sacademicmissionofpursuingtruthandincreasingknowledge,ProfessorSchmidtd,whobecamepresidentin1986,emphasizedthatYalemustadheretoabsolutefreedomofthoughtandanunshakablebeliefinacademicpursuits.HeisstillAttheopeningceremony,itwasemphasizedthatYale'sfreshmenshouldacceptthisnewuniversityconceptlikeeverygenerationofalumniolderthanthem.Yaleregardsthecultivationofstudentstobecome"responsiblecitizens"withpatriotismandresponsibilitiesandobligationstothecountryastheloftygoalofcollegemoraleducation,andemphasizesthatstudentsmusthavethe"nationalspirit"oftheUnitedStatesandbestrongintheUnitedStatesatalltimes.Iamproudandresponsibleforthis,and"Americanize"theinfluxofnewimmigrants.

Someareasthathavebeenneglectedorchallenginginquantitativereasoning,suchasraceandethnicminorities,women,etc.Morethan100studentsparticipateiniteveryyear.

Schoolspirit

AsPrincipalRichardLevinesaid:“Educatingpeopletoservesocietydoesnotmeanthateducationmustfocusonmasteringpracticalskills.YalepursuesStudentsprovideabroadandfreeeducationalworldview,ratherthannarrow,restrictivevocationaleducation,sothattheyhavemoreleadershipandserviceawareness.YaleUniversityisalsoacommunitythatrespectsandlearns,andcherishesfreeexpressionandunderstandingofeverythingintheworld.Inthiscommunity,theinteractivemodeofpeoplealsoservesthesociety."

Studenteducationsystem

(1)Coursecharacteristics

Yaleattachesgreatimportancetoundergraduateeducation,soYaleCollegeisthecoreofYaleeducation.Allprofessorsofferundergraduatecourses.Everyyear,morethan65departmentsandprogramsprovideover2,000coursesforundergraduates,manyofwhicharetaughtbyYale’sbesthistorians,literarycritics,scientists,engineers,mathematicians,artists,composers,andpoets.Theacademicatmosphereisextremelyfriendlyandactive,whichisunimaginableinthoseresearchuniversitiesthatdonotpayattentiontobasicteaching.

AlthoughYalerespectstraditionaleducationverymuch,itdoesnotsetspecificcurriculumrequirementsforstudents,nordoesithaveaso-calledcorecurriculum.Instead,ithasamorerelaxedcourseselectionsystem.Yalerequiresstudentstohavebothdepthandbreadthintheirlearning:withdepth,thatis,studentshavetolearnprofessionalcourses;withbreadth,thatis,studentshavetoengageinthreeareas(ie,humanitiesandarts,naturalsciences,andsocialsciences)andthreeskills(writing,quantitativeReasoning,foreignlanguage)learning.Yaleprovidesstudentswith80professionalcoursesand53foreignlanguagecourses.

AtYale,entry-levelcoursesareusuallylargelecturesandsomesmallseminarshostedbygraduatestudents.Somecourseswerewarmlywelcomedbystudents,suchasProfessorJohnGaddis'sHistoryoftheColdWar,whichlookedlikeaperformance.High-levelseminarcoursesareusuallysmallclassesandnumerous.Seniorstudentsdon'thavetoworryaboutnotbeingabletochoosetheirfavoritecourses.Freshmenseminarsalsogivefreshmenampleopportunitiestocommunicatewithprofessors.Mostofthecourseshereareveryinterestingandexciting.

Inthefirsttwoweeksofthesemester,studentscantryoutvariousclassesandfinallydecidewhichclassestotake.Yalerequiresstudentstohaveanintermediatelevelofmasteryofaforeignlanguage,soeachstudentmustlearnaforeignlanguageforatleastonesemester.Accordingtotheirpersonallearningsituation,determinewhethertheyneedtolearnoneortwosemestersmore.

"FreshmanSeminars"(FreshmanSeminars)aresmallclasses,someofwhicharetaughtbyseniorYaleprofessors.Someseminarswillgiveageneralintroductiontolearninginaparticularfield,andsomewillexploreinterdisciplinaryresearchmethodsforvariouscourses.

"DirectedStudies"(DirectedStudies)isanelectiveinterdisciplinaryprojectforfreshmenofWesterncivilization,includingthreecoursesofliterature,philosophy,andhistoryandpolitics,whichlastforoneyear.StudentscanIreadimportantworksoftheWesterntraditionontheInternet.Excellentstudentswhoareparticularlyinterestedinliberalartscanrequesttojointhisproject,buttheymustbepreparedtohaveclosecontactwithbooks,whichiswhytheprojecthasaterrifyingnicknamecalledthe"guidedsuicideproject".

"PerspectivesonScienceandEngineering"(PerspectivesonScienceandEngineering)isanelectivelectureanddiscussioncourseforfreshmenofscienceandFreshmenjointheYaleScienceSocietytobuildbridges.Studentswhoareparticularlyinterestedinsciencecanparticipateinthisenhancedproject.

"ScienceandEngineeringUndergraduateResearch"(ScienceandEngineeringUndergraduateResearch)isaresearchcourse.Yaleisaworld-classresearchuniversity.Independentscientificresearch,engineeringresearch,anddesignprojectsareanintegralpartofYale'sundergraduatescienceeducation.Yale'sSchoolofArtsandSciences,SchoolofMedicine,andSchoolofForestryandEnvironmentalStudieshave43degree-grantingprogramsandmorethan800departmentlaboratories.Scienceandengineeringfreshmencanbegintheirinitialscientificresearchintheirfirstyearofadmission.Theannualsummerresearchscholarshipforfreshmencanprovidefundingformorethan100scienceandengineeringstudents.

The"STARS"(Science,Technology,andResearchScholars)projectprovidesanopportunityforundergraduatestoconductcomprehensiveresearchonscientificresearch,curriculum-basedresearch,andinstructionalskilldevelopment.Thisprojectsupportsstudentstostudynaturalsciences,

(2)Undergraduatecourses

●SystemsScienceandTheory

●SpanishLanguageandLiterature

●SouthAsianLanguages​​andLiteratures

●Sociology

●RussianStudies

●RussianLanguageandLiterature

●Religion/ReligiousStudies

●Psychology,General

●PortugueseLanguageandLiterature

●PoliticalScienceandGovernment,General

●Physics,General

●Philosophy

●NearandMiddleEasternStudies

●Music,Other

●Music,General

●Multi-/InterdisciplinaryStudies,Other

●MolecularBiology

●Middle/NearEastern&SemiticLang.&Lit.

●Mathematics,General

●MathematicsandStatistics,Other

●MathematicsandComputerScience

●Linguistics

●LatinLanguageandLiterature

●LatinAmericanStudies

●Jewish/JudaicStudies

●JapaneseLanguageandLiterature

●ItalianLanguageandLiterature

●InternationalRelationsandAffairs

●Humanities/HumanisticStudies

●History,Other

●History,General

●GermanLanguageandLiterature

●GeologicalandEarthSciences/Geosciences,Other

●FrenchLanguageandLiterature

●ForestSciences

●ForeignLanguages,Literatures,andLinguistics

●FineArtsandArtStudies,Other

●Film/CinemaStudies

●EnglishLanguageandLiterature/Letters,Other

●EnglishLanguageandLiterature,General

●Engineering,General

●EngineeringScience

●EngineeringPhysics

●EngineeringMechanics

●Electrical,ElectronicsandCommunicationsEng.

●Economics,Other

●Economics,General

●EastAsianStudies

●EastAsianLang.,Lit.,&Linguistics

●DramaandDramatics/TheatreArts,General

●ComputerandInformationSciences,General

●ComputerScience

●Computer&InformationSciences&SupportServices

●ComparativeLiterature

●CinematographyandFilm/VideoProduction

●ChineseLanguageandLiterature

●Chemistry,General

●ChemicalEngineering

●Biophysics

●Biomedical/MedicalEngineering

●BiomedicalTechnology/Technician

●Biology/BiologicalSciences,General

●BiologicalImmunology

●Biochemistry

●Astrophysics

●Astronomy

●Art,General

●ArtHistory,CriticismandConservation

●AreaStudies,Other

●Architecture(BArch,BA/BS,MArch,MA/MS,PhD)

●Archaeology

●AppliedMathematics

●Anthropology

●Ancient/ClassicalGreekLanguageandLiterature

●American/UnitedStatesStudies/Civilization

●African-American/BlackStudies

●AfricanStudies

GraduateCourses

●Theology/TheologicalStudies

●TheologicalStudies&ReligiousVocations,Other

●SystemsScienceandTheory

●Statistics,General

●SpanishLanguageandLiterature

●SouthAsianLanguages​​andLiteratures

●Sociology

●SlavicLang.&Lit.(OtherThanRussian)

●RussianStudies

●Religion/ReligiousStudies

●PublicHealth,General(MPH,DPH)

●Psychology,General

●PortugueseLanguageandLiterature

●PoliticalScienceandGovernment,General

●PlantGenetics

●Physics,General

●PhysicianAssistant

●Philosophy

●Pharmacology,HumanandAnimal

●Pathology,HumanandAnimal

●OrganizationalBehaviorStudies

●OperationsResearch

●Nursing-RegisteredNurseTraining(RN/ASN/BSN/MSN)

●Neuroscience

●NearandMiddleEasternStudies

●Music,Other

●Music,General

●MolecularBiology

●Middle/NearEastern&SemiticLang.&Lit.

●MedievalandClassicsandClassicalLang.,Lit.,&Linguistics

●Chemistry,General

●Cell/CellularBiologyandHistology

●Cell/CellularBiologyandAnatomicalSciences

●Business/ManagerialOperations,Other

●Biophysics

●Biomedical/MedicalEngineering

●Biology/BiologicalSciences,General

●BiologicalImmunology

●Biochemistry

●Astronomy

●ArtHistory,CriticismandConservation

●Architecture(BArch,BA/BS,MArch,MA/MS,PhD)

●Archaeology

●Anthropology

●AnimalPhysiology

●AnimalGenetics

SchoolManagementbyProfessors

Yale’smostimportantmanagementfeatureis"SchoolManagementbyProfessors",whichhashadahugeimpactontheAmericanhighereducationcommunity.Intheearlydaysoftheschool,throughtheeffortsofthreegenerationsofprincipals,Yalegraduallyformedalawthattheboardofdirectorsdidnotspecificallyparticipateinthemanagementoftheschool,butthattheprofessorswouldgoverntheschool.IntheUnitedStatesatthetime,therewasasaying:"ThePrincetondirectorisinpower,theHarvardpresidentisthehead,andtheYaleprofessoristhemaster."

Formorethan300years,Yalepeoplehavealwaysbeenproudofbeingabletoadheretothespiritofindependence,withoutexternalpoliticalpressure,andmaterialincentivestocompromise.Inthemid-18thcentury,whenThomasClapwasdean,heinsistedonYaleItisanaristocraticprivateschoolandemphasizestheindependenceoftheuniversity.Tothisend,hetookallpossiblemeanstoresisttheinterferenceofthelocalgovernmentuntilheresortedtothelaw.DuringtheVietnamWarinthe1960s,theUSgovernmentorderedthatstudentswhoclaimedtobeanti-waronmoralorreligiousgroundswerenotallowedtoreceivescholarships.Atthattime,manyprestigiousschoolsintheUnitedStatesallfollowedtheinstructionsofthegovernment.OnlyYaleadherestotheconsistentstyleofacademicindependenceandcontinuestoconsidertheapplicant'sperformanceastheonlyprincipleforconsideringscholarships,completelydisregardinggovernmentregulations.Asaresult,Yalelostalargeamountoffundsfromthefederalgovernmentandgotintofinancialdifficultiesseveraltimes,butitsbeliefsremainedunchanged.ThecurrentpresidentRichardLevinealsorefusedthe$20milliondonationwithouthesitationbecausedonorsmadeadditionalrequirementsforYale'scoursesandtheappointmentofprofessors.

EvenwhentheformerPresidentBushwasinvitedbacktohisalmamatertoreceiveanhonorarydoctorateoflaw,Yaleprofessorsandstudentspubliclyexpressedtheiropposition:ItwasMay21,2001,thetraditionalgraduationOnthesameday,whentheprincipalannouncedthatBushwasawardedanhonorarydoctorateoflaw,thestudentsrespondedwithlaughter,booingandwhistle.TheyalsoheldplacardscondemningtheBushadministration’spoliciesonissuessuchastheenvironment,thedeathpenalty,andabortion.About200professorsalsosignedacollectiverefusaltoattendthegraduationceremony,believingthatneitherBushnortheschoolwasdoingitpurelytogainreputation,becauseBushwasnotqualifiedtoacceptsuchanhonorarytitlebasedonhisperformanceandachievementsinschool.

ProfessorTianChanglin,theformerpresidentoftheUniversityofCalifornia,oncesaid:"IntheUnitedStates,everyonehasarealizationthatwhichschoolhasstrongprofessorsandwhichschoolwillbecomethemostfamousschoolinthefuture."Professorsnotonlygoverntheschool.BeingregardedasastandardbyBerkeleyisalsorespectedbyYaleformorethan300years.

ResearchReputation

ReputationOverview

AsofOctober2020,amongthemanyacademicelitesatYaleUniversity,65professors,researchersandalumnihaveworkedWontheNobelPrize.EconomistGarlinKoopmans,authorofmathematicaleconomictheory,exploredtheconditionsunderwhichtheeconomyplaysthebestrole;cellbiologistGeorgeBallard,developedatissuepreparationmethodanddiscoveredseveralCellstructure;chemistLarsOnsager,whoputforwardthetheoryofirreversiblechemicalprocesses;physicistMurrayGellman,whoputforwardthecompletetheoreticalknowledgeaboutsubatomicparticles;writerSinclairLewis,importantworksThereare"MainStreet","Babbit","ArrowSmith","ElmerGantry",etc.;microbiologistJohnEnderssuccessfullycultivatedpoliovirusonnon-neuraltissuecultures;PhysicistErnestLawrence,inventedthefirsthigh-energyparticleaccelerator,thecyclotron;physiologistDickinsonRichards,improvedandusedcardiaccathetertechnology;geneticistJoshuaLederberg,Discoveredtheorganizationandrecombinationmechanismofbacterialgeneticmaterial;biochemistEdwardTatum,studiedgeneticmutationsthataffectthenutritionalrequirementsofcertainbacteria,yeastsandmolds;physicistWillisLamb,Jr.,Experimentstomakequantumelectrodynamicsmoreaccurate;microbiologistMaxTyler,asuccessfulstudyofyellowfever;biologistSydneyAltman,provedthatribonucleicacidcancatalyzethechemicalreactionofcells.

Overallranking

Inaddition,in2019-20,inthe"WorldUniversityRankingsIntheworlduniversityrankingspublishedbytheCenter(CWUR),YaleUniversityranks12thintheworld.IntermsoflocalrankingsintheUnitedStates,U.S.Newshasrankedamongthetop3bestuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesformanyyears.In2019-20,YaleUniversityranked3rdintheForbesAmericanUniversityRankings,andranked4thintheBestAmericanUniversitiesbyWashingtonMonthly.In2019-20,YaleUniversityranked15thintheForbesrankingofAmerica'sBestValueCollege(America'sBestValueCollege).In2018-19,"TimesHigherEducation"releasedthe"GlobalUniversityEmployabilityRanking2018",andYaleUniversityranked8thintheworld.TheMoscowInternationalUniversityranks4thin2019and6thin2020.The2020NaturalIndexranks21stintheworld.

SubjectRanking

ThefollowingisadetailedrankingofYaleUniversityinvariousfields.YaleUniversityisthemostfamousforhumanitiesandsocialsciences,law,publicpolicy,artandbasicsubjects,andscienceandengineeringisrelativelyweakamongthetopuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.

(1)2019-20TimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityRankingsbySubject:

(2)Qin2019-20SWorldUniversityRankingsbySubject:

(3)2018-19USNewsrankingofmajorgraduateschoolsintheUnitedStates:

2019-20USNewsProfessionalSchoolRanking:

(4)2019-20RankingofWorldUniversitiesbySubject:

AcademicResources

TheYaleUniversityLibraryisoneofthelargestresearchlibrariesintheUnitedStates.Yale'slibraryislocatedin22buildings,includingSterlingMemorialLibraryandBeineckeLibrary.TheYaleLibraryhasacollectionof11millionbooksandinformationonvariousmediafromancientpapyrustoelectronicdatabases.TheYaleLibraryisknownforitsrichspecialcollections,includingrarebooks,manuscripts,archives,maps,photos,audiovisualproducts,musicalscores,worksofart,andotheruniqueresearchmaterials.TheYaleLibraryalsohasagrowingdigitalcollection.

Byqueryingthelibrary'sonlinecatalog,researcherslocatedaroundtheworldcanknowwhatkindofmaterialstheYaleUniversitylibraryhas.Yale'smainonlinecatalogisOrbis.Orbiscontainsrecordsofbooks,periodicalsandmanyothermaterials.TheYaleLawSchoollibraryhasaseparateonlinecatalogcalledMorris.TofindspecialcollectionsthatarenotrecordedinOrbisorMorris,researcherscanusethespecialcollectioncatalog.TofindChinesematerialsinvariousonlinedirectories,readersmustusePinyininsteadofChinesecharacters.

TheYaleUniversityLibraryisthesecondlargestuniversitylibraryintheworld.Ithasacollectionof11millionbooksandislocatedin22buildings,includingthelargestStirlingMemorialLibraryandtheBeineckeRareBookLibraryAndthelawschoollibrary.TheschoolalsohasalibraryinthesuburbsofNewHaventocollectbooksthathavenotbeenusedforalongtime.

TheStirlingMemorialLibraryislocatedinthecenteroftheschool.Ithasacollectionof4millionbooksandisthecenteroftheYaleUniversitylibrarysystem.TheBeineckeRareBookLibrarycontainstheearliestmovabletypeprintedversionoftheGutenbergBiblediscoveredsofar.MostofthebooksinthelibraryusetheLibraryofCongresscatalogingmethod,andsomeoftheearliercollectionsstillusetheYalecatalogingmethod.AllcollectionsareregisteredintheOrbiscatalogsystem(theMorriscatalogsystemisalsousedforlawschoolcollections),andaninterlibraryloanagreementhasbeenestablishedwithmajorlibrariesintheUnitedStates,andanext-daydeliveryservicewithindividualuniversitylibrarieshasbeenimplementedtoenableprofessorsandstudentsYoucanquicklygettherequiredinformation.Inaddition,manyfacilitiesoftheschoolareconnectedbyacourierservicecalledEliExpress.Studentscanchoosetopickupandreturnbooksinanylibrary.Theseservicesarefreeforundergraduatestudentsandprofessors.

CulturalTradition

SchoolMotto

TheschoolmottoofYaleUniversityisLuxetveritastranslatedinto"TruthandLight"inChinese.Theschoolmottoespeciallyemphasizesfreedomofthought.OneofthegoalsofYale'shumanisticeducationistocultivatestudents'humanisticspirit,whichisarationalattitudethatpursuesthetruemeaningoflife,caringabouttherealizationoflifevalues,thefreedomandequalityofpeople,andtheharmonybetweenpeopleandsocietyandnature.Therefore,thepurposeistoenableyoungpeopleto"beabletoservethechurchandpublicutilities."ThecurrentpresidentRichardLevinealsosaid:"Letyoungstudentsusetheiracademic,artisticandotherprofessionalachievementstocontributetosocietyandworkfortheimprovementofhumanlivingconditions."TheschoolmottoofYaleUniversityisalsoproposed.Thesocialenvironmentatthattimeisrelated.In1701,somePuritanpriestsinitiatedandfoundedYaleCollegeinthebarrennessoftheConnieWalkercolonyinNewEngland.Theyhopetocultivatenewimmigrantsbycultivatingpastorsbythemselves,developtheirdenominations,andbroadentheirdoctrines.The"brightness"inYaleUniversity's"PursueLightandTruth"mottoreferstothe"brightnessoffreeeducation",and"truth"referstothe"truthoftheoldandnewEnglandreligioustraditions",whichfullyreflectsthehistoricalbackgroundofYaleUniversitywhenitwasfounded.

Schoolbadge

In1701,tenMethodistChristians(Calvins)foundedthisuniversity.Atthattime,NewEngland,Hebrew,GreekandLatin,thethree"Christianlanguages"wereconsideredclassiclanguages.YaleoncerequiredallstudentstolearnHebrewandGreek.Thesetwolanguages​​arestillrequiredcoursesforChristiantheologicalstudentstoday.Theschoolisknownforitslawschool,liberalartsschool,musicschoolandmedicalschool.Thetextonthebookandribbonontheschoolbadgeistheschoolmotto"LightandTruth",writteninHebrewandLatinrespectively.

Clubs

Althoughstudentsspendmostoftheirtimestudying,theycanalwaysfindwaystorelax.Theycanparticipateinmanyextracurricularactivitiesandclubactivities.NewYorkislessthananhour’sdrivefromtheschool,andthereisatraineveryhour.ItisalsoveryconvenienttogotoBoston,butmoststudentsstillchoosetoparticipateinactivitiesoncampusonweekends..

Comparedwithitscompetitors,Yaleismorefavoredbygirls.Allmaleclubsorsinginggroupsherehavecorrespondingfemalegroups.Yale’sstudentsandalumniaremoreopenthanHarvardUniversityandPrinceton.Theyarenevershytoexpresstheiropinionsandareveryconcernedabouthottopicsaroundtheworld.

Yalehas50-60officiallyregisteredcampusartclubsthatcatertothehobbiesofdifferentgroupsofpeople,suchasbellydancing,classicalchambermusic,Chinesecalligraphyandfashiondesign.TherearealsotheYaleChorus,YaleTheatreCompany,YaleBand,andOratorio.

Studentswillspendalotoftimeinnewspapers,radiostations,andcomputercenters.Theoratorioisparticularlywell-knownforbeingsocial.Thememberswillgatheranddrinktogetheronweekendsortravelduringspringbreak.MostofYale’ssecretorganizations,suchastheSkullandBones(formerPresidentBushisoneofitsmembers),havemausoleum-likegatheringplaces,andtheywillissueinvitationstothosewhoarequalified.

Inlarge-scaleevents,the21-year-olddrinkingageisstrictlycontrolled,butinsomesmallpersonalgatherings,itisnotsostrict.Movie-relatedclubswillshowfreemoviestostudents,andtheschool’stheaterandperformancecenteroftenorganizeparadeperformancesbyBroadwayentertainersandcabarettroupes.Inaddition,therearemuseumsofnaturalhistoryandartforeveryonetovisit.

ThestudentsthinkthatNewHavenisaperfectcollegetown.Thestudentsherelovesports.Thecompetitionsbetweendormitorycollegesarealwaysthehottest.Thewinningteamcangetanexquisitetrophy(TyingCup).Therearealso2,000Yalestudentswhousetheirsparetimeasvolunteers,interns,andwork-studypersonneltoparticipateinvariousjobsinschools,hospitals,communities,andshoppingmallsinNewHaven.

Inshort,YaleUniversityisoneoftheoldestinstitutionsofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.Thestudentsearnestlyfulfillthemottohere-"ForGod,FortheCountry,ForYale".Yalealumnihaveindeedfulfilledtheirpromises.Thepresidentsofmorethan70AmericanuniversitiesareYalegraduates,andthethreeAmericanpresidentsbeforeBarackHusseinObamaareallfromYale.

SkullandBones(TheOrderofDeath,TheOrder,CooperationStar,TheEulogianClub,andLodge322,TheSkulls)

OnthepeacefulcampusofYaleUniversityThereisasmallbuildinginthestyleofaGreektemple.Severallongandnarrowwindowsareclosedallyearround.Thewholebuildingisshroudedinadeepmystery.ThisunremarkablebuildingisthelocationofthemostmysteriousandpowerfulalumniassociationintheUnitedStates.Itisneveropentooutsiders,andalwaysmaintainsitsownmaverickcolorandelitestyle,anditalsohasachillingnamecalled"SkullandBones".TheSkullandBoneshaveextremelymysteriousrulesformembership.Whatisevenmoredauntingisthelistofitsmembers.FromthisSkullandBones,thereare3USpresidents,2SupremeCourtjustices,andcountlessUScongressmenandseniorcabinetofficials.After172yearsofmultiplication,membersoftheSkullandBonesarealmosteverywherefromtheWhiteHouse,Congress,cabinetministries,theSupremeCourt,andeventheCentralIntelligenceAgency.

WhenPresidentBushandDemocraticpresidentialcandidateJohnKerryfiercelycompetedfortheUSpresidentialthrone,AmericansweresurprisedtofindthateventhoughthetwopresidentialcandidatesarefromdifferentpartiesandhaveverydifferentpoliticalopinionsTheyareallmembersoftheSkullandBones.Kerryjoinedtheclubin1965,andBushjoinedtheSkullandBonestwoyearslater.Themysteriousskeletonsbegantosurface.

WilliamHuntingtonRussellisagraduateofYaleUniversityin1833.HelaterbecameamemberoftheConnecticutlegislatureandageneralofthestate'sNationalGuard.DuringhisstayinGermany,Russellmettheleaderofasecretsocietycalled"SkullandBones"inGermany.ThisclubwasadevilishderivativeofanotoriousprophetorganizationinEuropeinthe18thcentury,butRussellwasdeeplyimpressedbytheclub'spurpose,membershipspirit,andstrictjoiningconditionsandorganizationalmethods.In1832,RussellreturnedtoYaleUniversity.Hedecidedtocreateasocietythatwasmoreritual,moresecret,andpromotedthepurposeofFreemasonrysolidarityandmutualassistancethanotherclubsorfraternitiesofYaleUniversity.RussellthengatheredAlfonsoTaft,themostpromisingclassmateintheclass(AlfonsoTaftlaterbecameMinisterofDefense,AttorneyGeneral,MinistertoAustralia,AmbassadortoRussia,andhissonWilliamTaftTuolaterbecamethe27thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hewasamemberofthe1887session)andofficiallyfoundedtheAmericanversionofthe"SkullandBones".Aftermorethan170yearsofself-reproduction,thecabinet,theSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,theSupremeCourt,theCentralIntelligenceAgencyandotherdepartmentsallcontrolthemostpowerful"invisibleempire."Inthe"SkullandBones",eachmemberhasitsownnickname.Forexample,"LongMo"isforthehighestmemberoftheclub,and"Magog"isforthememberwiththemostexperienceinsex.Bushenjoysthe"famousreputation"ofMagog.AsforGeorgeW.Bush,becausewhenhejoinedtheconference,othermembersdidn'tknowwhattocallhim,sotheysimplygavehimthenickname"Temporary."

Athletics

YaleUniversitysponsors35school-levelsportsteamstoparticipateintheIvyLeague,EastAmericanUniversitySportsLeague,andNewEnglandIntercollegiateSailingLeague.YaleUniversityisalsoafirst-levelmemberoftheNCAA(NationalCollegeAthleticAssociation).LikeotherIvyLeaguememberuniversities,Yaledoesnotprovidescholarshipsspecificallyforathletes,anditisnolongeramongthetopteamsinbasketballandAmericanfootball.However,YaleUniversityisthebirthplaceofAmericanfootball,whichwasborrowedfromfootballandsoccerbythethenplayerandcoachWalterCampinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.Yalehasalargenumberofsportsfacilities,includingYaleStadium(alsoknownasthe"YaleBowl"becauseofitsshape,andthefirststadiumintheUnitedStates),WalterCampFieldSportsCenter,PayneWhitneySports/FitnessHall,CorinthianYachtClub(foundedin1881,itwastheworld'sfirstuniversityyachtclubandtrainedmanyOlympicathletes).

ThemascotofYaleUniversityisthebulldogcalled"HandsomeDan".Asafiercehuntingdog,itrepresentstheschool'ssportsmanship.HandsomeDanusuallyappearsonthefieldinmajorsportsgames,especiallyinthefamous"Yale-HarvardBigGame"everyyear.ManysongsplayedinsportsgamesatYaleUniversityhavethelyricsof"Bulldog,Bulldog,BowWowWow!"AftereachsessionofHandsomeDan'sdeath,theschoolwillmakespecimensanddisplaytheminPayneWhitneyStadiumandotherplaces,andthenselectbraveandmightyBulldogsacrossthecountrytosucceed.HesucceededonApril26,2005.

YaleUniversityalsohasabrassceremonialbandtosupportYaleathletes.Thisbandperformsatallhomefootballgames,andmanyothergames.

TheamateursportsleagueheldbyYaleCollegeamongthe12residentialcollegesisanimportantpartofstudentlifeandanimportantpartofmanylong-standingcollegedisputes(afriendlycompetitiverelationship).Eachyearisdividedintothreeseasons,includingautumn,winterandspring,eachseasonincludesmorethantentypesofevents,whicharegenerallymixedmenandwomen.Inadditiontoformalevents,sportseventsincludebowlingandbilliards.Attheendofeachschoolyear,thecollegewiththehighestscorewillbeawardedtheTyngCup.

CampusEnvironment

(1)CampusArchitecture

YaleUniversityisfamousforitsclassicalandromanticcampusenvironment.Andsomemodernbuildingsareoftenusedasmodelsinthehistoryofarchitectureintextbooks,includingLouisKahn’sYaleUniversityArtGallery,YaleUniversityBritishArtCenter;EeroSaarinen’sIngallsSkatingRink,EzraStilesCollegeandMorseCollege;AndtheDepartmentofArtandArchitecturedesignedbyPaulRudolph.

MostoftheancientbuildingsatYaleareinGothicstyle,mostlybuiltbetween1917and1931.Alargenumberofreliefsshowthecollegelifeatthattime:therearewriterswhothinkhard,athletesrunningwild,sociablesdrinkingtea,studentsdozingasleepwhilestudying,andsoon.ThesculpturesintheYaleLawSchoolBuilding(theofficialnameistheStirlingLawBuilding)alsoshowcontemporaryscenes,includingscenesofpolicechasingrobbersandarrestingprostitutes.Inordertomakethebuildinglookold,thearchitectJamesGambleRogersusedacidonthestonewalls,deliberatelybreakingtheglass,andusedmedievalmethodstosupplementit,andartificiallyaddedmanyemptydecorativeniches,likesculptures.Hasbeenlostforalongtime.AlthoughmostofthebuildingsontheYaleUniversity’scentralcampusareinamedievalarchitecturalstyle,usinglarge-scalestone,infact,mostofthemusethegeneralsteelframeof1930.TheonlyexceptionistheHarknessTower,whichis216feethigh.Atthetimeofconstruction,itwasthetallestall-stonestructureintheworld.Thetowerwasreinforcedin1964toinstallaYalememorialgroupclockinsideit,withatotalof54bells.Nowthebellisplayedeverydayat12:30noonand5:00pmbyadedicatedstudentgroupofYaleUniversity.ThemusicselectedrangesfromclassicbellstotheBeatles.

TheoldestbuildingonthecampusisGeorgian,anditseemsmoremodern.Thisbuildingcalled"ConnecticutHall"wasbuiltin1750andisnowlocatedintheOldCampus,wheretheDepartmentofPhilosophyislocated.OtherGeorgian-stylebuildingsonthecampusincludeTimothyDwight,CollegePiersonCollegeandDavenportCollege(excludingthefacadealongYorkStreet,whichareinGothicstyle).

TheBeineckeRareBooksandAncientBooksLibrarywasdesignedbyGordonBunshaft.Itisthelargestcollectionofrareandancientbooksintheworldtoday.Thesix-storybookstoreabovethegroundofthelibraryissurroundedbyaglasscube,andtheoutsideoftheglasscubeiscoveredbyalarger"box"thatdoesnottouchit.Thewallsofthisbuildingaremadeoftwo-foot-squaretranslucentmarblefromVermont,sotheinteriorofthebuildingcanbeslightlybrightandpreventotherharmfulraysinthesunfromdamagingthecollectionofbooks.ThesculptureinasunkencourtyardinthesquarewasdesignedbyIsamuNoguchiandrepresentstime(pyramid),sun(circularstructure)andprobability(obliquecube).

ThefamousarchitectEeroSaarinenwhograduatedfromYaleUniversity(whodesignedthefamousArchofSt.Louis,themainbuildingofWashingtonDullesInternationalAirport,theCBSBuildinginManhattan,etc.)wasresponsibleforthedesignofYaleUniversity’sIngallsicerinkandthelatesttworesidentialcolleges,MorseandEzraStiles.ThesemodernbuildingsinspiredbytheItalianmountaintownofSanGimignianoareinsharpcontrastwithotherbuildingsintheGothicstyle.

Inaddition,thePayneWhitneySports/FitnessHallatYaleUniversityisstilltheworld’slargestgymnasium,includingswimming,skatingsimulationpool,basketballhall,gymnasium,fencinghallandotherOlympicevents,includingthreeTheonlypermanentglasssquashcourtofthehigheststandardinNorthAmericaandotherworld-classequipment.Thesedevicesarefreeforundergraduatestudents,andgraduatestudentsneedtochargesomefees.

(2)Dining

Thereare14restaurants(DiningHall)ontheYalecampus.Customerscanwatchandsupervisetheentirecookingprocess,andeverydishisguaranteedtobefreshanddelicious.Self-servicecanalsoallowyoutofreelymatchaccordingtoyourtasteandmood.MostoftheYalerestaurantemployeesworkhereandarefullofpassionandlovefortheirwork.Fromtherestaurant’smenu,youcanseetheirdiligentpursuitofnutritionalbalance,andevenappreciatetheirlong-termvisionforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheplanet.AlmosteveryYalestudenthasnocomplaintsabouttheirdiet.Itshouldbenotedthattherestaurantisclosedduringthesummer,butyoucanfindotheralternativediningspotsontheschoolwebsite.Inadditiontotherestaurants,therearemorethan10cafesandsmallrestaurantsoncampus,whichareveryemotionalandagoodplacetorelaxandadjustyourmood.AtDurfee's,cafeslikeKBTaredefinitelyrelaxing,self-contained,andlingering.Eachhasitsownstyleandsentiment,andthesnacksprovidedarealsovaried,andIhopetoexperienceitpersonally.

(3)Accommodation

YaleUniversityimplementsa“residentialcollege”systemsimilartoOxfordUniversityandCambridgeUniversity.FreshmenarerandomlyassignedtoYaleUniversity’s12residentialcolleges,andexceptforafewspecialcircumstances,allstudentswillliveinthecollegeforfouryears(thefreshmanandsophomorestudentsmustliveinthedormitory).Everystudentlivingoncampusfeelsascomfortableasathome,andtherearemanygoodfriendswholiveveryhappily,whichmakestheiryearsofstudyingandlivingatYaleexceptional.AsastudentnamedTorisaid,"Ihaveforgedanunprecedentedclosefriendshipwiththepeoplehere,whichmademyfour-yearcollegelifemorebeautifulandhappier.IthinkIwillbewiththemfortherestofmylife.Goodfriends."Eachcollegehasitsowncompleteandadvancedfacilitiesanddifferentstyles,includingrestaurants,libraries,gyms,artstudios,pianorooms,photodarkrooms,computerrooms,laundryrooms,billiardsandtabletennisrooms,andstudentkitchens.Mostcollegesalsohavetheirownmovietheatersortheaters,rockclimbingrooms,squashcourtsandsaunarooms,whichareopentostudentsofthecollege24hoursaday.Yale'sDormitoryCollege(thatis,thedormitorywhereeveryonelives)isthecenterofthesocialcircleofundergraduatesandthemostattractivepartofundergraduateeducation.Thedormitorycollegesystem,sponsoredbyYalealumniEdwardS.HarknessandmodeledontheCambridgeandOxfordsystems,dividesundergraduatesinto12separatedormitorybuildings,eachwithapproximately450students,providingstudentswithAcloserlearningandlivingcommunityallowsthemtonotonlyhaveasmallenvironmentinthedormitoryarea,butalsosharethehugeresourcesofaresearchuniversity.Eachcollegehasadean(Master)andasuperintendent(Dean)whoareresponsibleforstudents'socialactivitiesandstudylife.Everyweek,thedeansofthecollegesalsoinvitefamouspeopleinvariousfieldstoholdateapartycalled"Master'sTea".Undergraduatestudentscanparticipate.TherearemanycelebritiesinvitedfromtheUnitedStatesandtheworldinpolitics,business,sports,entertainment,socialwelfareandotherfields.Famouspeople.

Famouspeople

Yalehasmanyoutstandingalumni:5AmericanpresidentsgraduatedfromYale.Theyarethe27thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesWilliamHowardTaft,the38thPresidentGeraldFord,the41stPresidentGeorgeHerbertWalkerBush,the42ndPresidentBillClintonandtheUnitedStatesThe43rdPresidentGeorgeW.Bush.Yalecreatedanamazingmiracle:3consecutivepresidentscamefromYale.GeorgeHerbertWalkerBushisamemberofYale’sfamoussecretgroupSkullandBones.PresidentClintonisanalumnusofYaleLawSchool.ClintonandhiswifeHillarymetinthelibraryofYaleLawSchool.FamousmoviestarsJudyFosterandJenniferBeersbothgraduatedfromYaleUniversitySchoolofArts.MerylStreepgraduatedfromtheSchoolofDramaatYaleUniversity.ActorEdwardNortongraduatedfromtheHistoryDepartmentofYaleUniversity.ThefamouscolumnistKevinCuillinofTimeisallYalealumni.

AmongthemanyacademicelitesatYaleUniversity,62professors,researchersandalumnihavewontheNobelPrize.EconomistGarlinKoopmans,authorofmathematicaleconomictheory,exploredtheconditionsfortheeconomytoplayitsbestrole;cellbiologistGeorgeBallard,developedatissuepreparationmethodanddiscoveredseveralCellstructure;chemistLarsOnsager,proposedthetheoryofirreversiblechemicalprocesses;physicistMurrayGellman,comprehensivelyproposedtheoreticalknowledgeaboutsubatomicparticles;writerSinclairLewis,importantworksThereare"MainStreet","Babbit","ArrowSmith","ElmerGantry",etc.;microbiologistJohnEnderssuccessfullycultivatedpoliovirusonnon-neuraltissuecultures;PhysicistErnestLawrence,inventedthefirsthigh-energyparticleaccelerator,thecyclotron;physiologistDickinsonRichards,improvedandusedcardiaccathetertechnology;geneticistJoshuaLederberg,Discoveredtheorganizationandrecombinationmechanismofbacterialgeneticmaterial;biochemistEdwardTatum,studiedgeneticmutationsthataffectedthenutritionalrequirementsofcertainbacteria,yeastsandmolds;physicistWillisLamb,Jr.,Experimentstomakequantumelectrodynamicsmoreaccurate;microbiologistMaxTyler,asuccessfulstudyofyellowfever;biologistSydneyAltman,provedthatribonucleicacidcancatalyzethechemicalreactionofcells.

YalehassentalargenumberofbrilliantstarsandartiststotheAmericanentertainmentindustry.Thereisajokethat"YalehascultivatedmoreOscarsthanNobel."Amongthem,themostfamiliartoChineseaudiencesareMerylStreep,whohaswontheOscarforthreetimesandwontheOscarsfortheleadrolein"TheKramers","Sophie'sChoice"and"IronLady:FirmTenderness",andMerylStreep,whowontheOscarforthreetimes,aswellas"JudyFoster,whowontheBestActressAwardinthe61stand64thOscarsforPearBlossomsandTheSilentLambs,wonthe74thand59thOscarsfor"BeautifulMind".JenniferConnery,whowontheBestSupportingActressattheGoldenGlobeAwards,andEdwardNorton,whostarredin"FirstFear","AmericanX-Files","FightClub"and"InvincibleHulk",and"TheactorDavidDuchovnyintheXFiles,alongwithClaireDans,JulietHarris,PaulNewman,SamWaterston,HenryWinkler,JenniferBeals,etc.

Inaddition,PaulMellon,aYale1929graduate,establishedtheYaleBritishArtCenteroutofhisincomparableadmirationandloveforart,anddonatedhisowncollectionoffamouspaintingsandothertreasuresformanyyears,makingthecenterbecomeThelargestBritishartmuseumintheUnitedStates.PlaywrightElijahKazanisafamousAmericandirectorandwriter,graduatedfromYaleSchoolofDrama.Hewonhisreputationfordirecting"DeathofaSalesman"and"AStreetcarNamedDesire".Thefilms"Gentlemen'sDiscussion"and"Waterfront"wonhimOscars.

YalehastrainedalargenumberofoutstandingChinesestudents,includingRongHong,ZhanTianyou,YanFuqing,MaYinchu,YanYangchu,LinHuiyin,LiJitong,YangShixian,ShiRuwei,ChenJia,WangJiaji,GaoShangYin,TangYao,YangZunyi,YingKaishi,WanExiang,FengCheng,LinYing,ZhangLei,ShenNanpeng,etc.Amongthem,RongHongwasthefirstChinesetoobtainabachelor'sdegreefromanAmericanuniversityandthefirstoverseasstudentinChinesehistory.

InAmericanhistory,fivepresidentsgraduatedfromYale:WilliamHowardTaft,GeraldRudolphFord,GeorgeBush,BillClinton,GeorgeW.Bush.Therefore,Yaleisknownasthe"cradleofthepresident".Acommonjokeamongfacultymembersis:"Ifyouarenotcareful,youwillteachapresident."

Inadditiontothepresident,ithasalsocultivatedmanydazzlingleadersinAmericanpolitics:SuchasUSSecretaryofStateHillaryClinton,USVicePresidentCheney(aYaledropout),DemocraticpresidentialcandidatesKerryandLieberman,USAttorneyGeneralJohnDavidAshcroft,SenatorJamesJayFoz,SecretaryofStateCyrusVance,GovernorofIndianaRobertOrr,GovernorofOhioRichardCeleste,IndianSenatorMikeBarney,andevenSouthKoreanPrimeMinisterLiHongguandtheNationalPeople’sCongressofChinaSomeforeignpoliticianssuchasWanExiang,vicechairmanoftheStandingCommittee.

Accordingtorelevantstatistics,9%ofthemembersoftheU.S.Cabinetsince1789havecomefromYale,andmorethan10U.S.SupremeCourtjusticeshavestudiedatYale.Yalegraduateshavealsobecomethefoundersorthefirstpresidentsofmanyfamousuniversities,suchasPrincetonUniversity,CornellUniversity,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,ColumbiaUniversity,UniversityofChicago,etc.,andthusbecomethe"motherofAmericancolleges."Thelaurelisdedicatedtohisalmamater.

ThenumberofYalepeoplewhoareleadersofAmericancompaniesisfarmorethanthatofotheruniversities.AircraftdesignerandentrepreneurBoeing,Coca-ColaChairmanRobertGoizueta,internationalinvestorRogers,TIMESFounderHenryRuth,FedExfounderFredSmith,andformerchairmanofIBM,JohnAx,areallwell-knownfigures.

ThestudentthatYaleismostproudofisthe1773student,NathanHale,whoiscalledanationalherobytheAmericans.NathanHale,withapassionforpatriotism,wasarrestedandhangedwhenhewentdeepintotheBritishdefensestogatherintelligenceduringtheAmericanRevolution.Beforerighteousness,heleftarhetoricthathasbeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration:"MyonlyregretisthatIcanonlydedicatemylifetothemotherlandonce."

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