Von Neumann System

Core Ideas

Von Neumann is: The number system of digital computers is binary; computers should execute in the order of programs.

• Using binary system as the basis of computer numerical calculation, with 0 and 1 representing the value. Instead of using the decimal counting method commonly used by humans, binary makes it easy for computers to calculate numerical values.

• The sequence of programs or instructions is executed, that is, the program is pre-programmed and then handed over to the computer for numerical calculation according to the pre-defined sequence in the program.

Function and composition

A computer constructed according to the von Neumann architecture must have the following functions:

• Send the required programs and data to the computer.

• Must have long-term memory procedures, data, intermediate results and final calculation results.

• The ability to complete various arithmetic operations, logic operations, and data transmission and other data processing capabilities.

• It can control the program direction according to the needs, and can control the coordinated operation of the various parts of the machine according to the instructions.

• The processing result can be output to the user as required.

In order to achieve the above functions of a computer, the computer must have five basic components, including:

• Computer: used for Complete data processing such as various arithmetic operations, logic operations and data transmission.

• Controller: Used to control the execution of programs, it is the brain of the computer. The arithmetic unit and controller constitute the central processing unit (CPU) of the computer. The controller works according to the sequence of instructions (programs) stored in the memory, and a program counter controls the execution of the instructions. The controller has the ability to judge and can select different work processes according to the calculation results.

• Memory: used to memorize programs and data, such as memory. The program and data are stored in the memory in the form of binary code without distinction, and the storage location is determined by the address.

• Input devices: used to input data or programs into the computer, for example: mouse, keyboard.

• Output devices: display the processing results of data or programs to users, such as monitors and printers.

The five basic components are controlled by instructions, and data is transferred between different components, as shown in Figure 1.