Technology market

Overview

Technologymarketoverview

Technologymarket,acomponentofthemarketsystem.Thecommoditiesexchangedinthetechnologymarketappearintheformofknowledge.Itisaspecialkindofcommodity,withmultiplemanifestations:

1,softwareforms(programs,processes,formulas,designdrawings,etc.);

2,consulting,trainingAndotherserviceforms;

3,aswellascertainstrategicthinking,predictiveanalysis,planningopinions,knowledgetransfer,etc.thatthebuyerneedscanconstitutetechnicalproducts.

Features

(1)Technicalcommoditiesareknowledgecommodities,whichappearintheformofdrawings,data,technicalinformation,technologicalprocesses,operatingskills,formulas,etc.;

(2)Theessenceoftechnologycommoditytransactionisthetransferoftherighttouse;

(3)Theformoftechnologycommoditytransferisspecial,oftenthroughtransfer,consultation,communication,identification,etc.,untilthebuyerhasmasteredthetechnology.Theexchangeprocessiscompleted;

(4)Itisdifficulttodeterminethepriceoftechnicalcommodities,andthepriceisoftennegotiatedbythebuyerandtheseller.Thetechnologymarketplaysanimportantroleinmycountry'seconomicdevelopment.Thereisavirtuouscirclebetweenitandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyeconomy;itcanpromotetherapidtransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievementsintoactualproductivity;itisconducivetothecloseintegrationofscientificresearchandproduction;itcanpromotetherationalflowofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelandoptimizetherationalallocationofscientificandtechnologicaltalents,Isconducivetoreducingthewasteofhumanresources.

Concept

Technologymarketisaplacewheretechnologyintermediaryservicesandtechnologyproductsareengagedinbusinessactivities.Itaimstopromotethetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievementsintoactualproductivity,andspecificallycarriesouttechnologydevelopment,technologytransfer,technicalconsulting,technicalservices,andtechnicalcontracting;producesordistributesscientificresearchpilotproductsandnewscientificandtechnologicalproducts;organizesandcarriesoutthepromotionandapplicationoftechnologicalachievementsAndsoon,thetechnicalcoveragecoversalltechnicalfields.

Thenarrowconceptoftechnologymarketisaplacefortheexchangeoftechnologicalachievementsascommodities.Thebroadconceptisthefieldofcirculationoftechnologicalachievementsandthesumoftheexchangerelationsoftechnologicalachievements.Theexchangerelationshipinthetechnologymarketismainlytherelationshipbetweentheproducers,operators,andconsumersoftechnologicalachievements.

Thetechnologymarketisabridgeconnectingtechnologyandeconomy.Itplaysanimportantroleinpromotingtheintegrationoftechnologyandeconomy,enhancingtheself-developmentabilityofscienceandtechnology,acceleratingthesocialdisseminationandpopularizationofscienceandtechnology,enhancingthevitalityofenterprises,promotingtheflowofscientificandtechnologicaltalents,anddevelopingthecommodityeconomy.

Classification

Technologymarketbelongstothecategoryofcommodityeconomy.Wherethereisproductionandexchangeoftechnologicalgoods,thereisatechnologicalmarket.

Accordingtotheregion,thetechnologymarketcanbedividedinto:thelocaltechnologymarket,theprovincialtechnologymarket,thenationaltechnologymarketandtheinternationaltechnologymarket.

Accordingtotheindustry,itcanbedividedinto:industrialtechnologymarket,agriculturaltechnologymarket,transportationtechnologymarket,andconstructiontechnologymarket.

Accordingtotheformoftechnologycommodities,itcanbedividedinto:softwaremarket,hardwaremarketandcomprehensivetechnologymarket.Thesoftwaremarketgenerallytakestheformofreportconferences,academicexchangemeetings,achievementappraisalmeetings,technicalinformationexchanges,andtechnicalconsultingservices;thehardwaremarketgenerallytakestheformsoftechnicalachievementfairs,exhibitions,andtechnicalcollaborationresearch;thecomprehensivetechnologymarketisavarietyofnewforms.Exhibitionandsalesactivitiesofproducts,newprocesses,newequipmentandnewtechnologies.

Classificationbasis

Themainbasisfortheclassificationmethodoftechnicalmarketstatisticalindicatorsisasfollows:

1."CurrentPriorityDevelopmentGuideforHigh-TechIndustrializationKeyFields",2011;

2,theMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxation"China'sHigh-techProductCatalog",2006;

3,theNationalBureauofStatistics"NationalEconomicIndustryClassificationGB/T2260-2005",2005;

4.NationalBureauofStatistics"Thelatestadministrativedivisioncodesofcountiesandabove"(asofDecember31,2005);

5.NationalBureauofStatistics,StateAdministrationforIndustryandCommerce"RegulationsontheClassificationofEnterpriseRegistrationTypes",1998;

6."2003Country(Region)StatisticalCodeTable"bytheStateGeneralAdministrationofCustoms,2003.

Organization

1.Technologyexchangemeetingandtechnologystore.Theyareallbasedontechnologicalachievements.Thedifferenceisthattheformerisakindofbazaarmarket,whilethelatterisapermanentmarket.

2.Consultingservicecompany.Itsbusinesscontentisveryextensive,mainlyincludingdecision-makingconsultingservices,engineeringtechnologyconsultingservices,managementconsultingservices,etc.

3.Industrytechnologydevelopment.Thefocusoftheserviceisonsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesintheindustry.

4.LicenseTrading.Usuallyreferstoatypeoftradeinwhichthelicensorsignsawrittencontractwiththelicenseetoallowthelicenseetouseacertaintechnologyownedbythepatenteeundercertainconditions,whichhasbecomeoneofthemainformsoftechnologytrade.

BusinessScope

Thetechnologymarketisdifferentfromthegeneralphysicalcommoditymarketinthatithasitsownspecificbusinessmethodandbusinessscope.TheoperatingmethodsandscopeofChina’stechnologymarketmainlyinclude:

(1)Technologydevelopment

Thetechnicalprojectiscarriedoutbythepartymasteringthetechnologyandentrustedbytheotherparty.Thebusinessofresearch,design,trialproduction,applicationpromotionandotheractivities.

(2)Technologytransfer

Technologytransferinthetechnologymarketreferstothebusinessmethodinwhichtechnologicalachievementsaretransferredfromonepartytotheother.Thetransferredtechnologiesincludepatentedtechnologies,trademarks,andnon-patenttechnologies,suchasproprietarytechnologies,traditionaltechnologicalbiologicalvarieties,managementmethods,etc.

(3)Technicalcontracting

Apartyisfullyresponsiblefortheresearch,development,design,production,andapplicationofanengineeringtechnologyprojectintheformofacontractaccordingtotherequirementsoftheotherparty.Undernormalcircumstances,technicalundertakingincludesalargenumberofnon-technicalcontent,suchasprocurement,transportation,andauxiliarylabor.

(4)Technicalconsultation

referstoaformofintellectualserviceinwhichapartymasteringtechnologyandknowledgeisentrustedbytheotherpartytoprovideavarietyofalternativedecision-makingbasis.Thecontentoftechnicalconsultationmainlyincludes:policyconsultation,managementconsultation,engineeringconsultation,etc.

(5)Technicalservices

referstovariousservicesprovidedbyonepartywithtechnologytosolveaspecifictechnicalproblemfortheotherparty.Suchascarryingoutunconventionalcalculation,design,measurement,analysis,installation,commissioning,aswellasprovidingtechnicalinformation,improvingprocessflow,andperformingtechnicaldiagnosis.

(6)Technicalintermediary

isabusinessmethodthatprovidesintermediateservicesforboththesupplierandthedemanderoftechnicalcommodities.Itsmaincontentistoprovideinformation,organizenegotiations,orprovideotherauxiliaryservices.

(7)Technicaltraining

referstothebusinessactivitywhereonepartyprovidescertainknowledgeorskilltrainingtotheotherparty.Generaladulteducation,suchasvocationalinductiontrainingandcontinuingengineeringeducation,cannotbeincludedinthebusinessscopeofthetechnologymarket.

(8)Technologyshareholding

Itisaformoftechnologytransactioninwhichonepartyusestechnologyasaninvestmentandcooperateswiththeotherpartytoformaneconomicentity.

Typesoftrade

Thetechnologymarketmainlyincludesthreetypes:technologytransferandintroduction,technologyconsultingandservices,andtechnologylicensetrade.

1.Technologytransferandintroduction

Technologytransferreferstoaneconomicactivityinwhichtechnologycommoditiesaretransferredfromtheexportertotheimporter.Fortheexporteritistechnologytransfer,fortheimporteritistechnologyintroduction.Technologytradewithtechnologytransferandintroductionasthemaincontenthasbecomeanimportantwayofdisseminatingtechnologyinternationally.Duetotheintroductionoftheworld’sadvancedtechnologyandequipment,theproductivitydevelopmentoftheimportingpartycanbetakenofffromahigherstartingpoint,thedevelopmentcostissaved,andthetimeisgained,sothatthetechnologyintroductionactivitiesareaffectedallovertheworld,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Generalattentionandwideapplication.Nowadays,technologytransferandintroductionmainlyadoptfourforms:theintroductionandtransferofcompletesetsofequipment,cooperativeproduction,compensationtradeandjointventures.Inaddition,therearemanywaystotransferandimporttechnicalcommodities,suchasequipmentleasing,projectcontracting,andtechnicaltraining.

2.Technicalconsultationandservice

Technicalconsultationandserviceisakindofbusinessactivitywhosemaincontentistechnologytransfer,skillexchange,technologyplanning,technologyevaluation,technologyservice,andtechnologytraining.Abasicform.

Theinstitutionsthatcarryouttechnicalconsultationandserviceshavethecharacteristicsandadvantagesofcompletedisciplines,talents,unobstructedinformation,andobjectiveattitudes.Theystartfromthewholeandconductcomprehensiveanalysisandexpertconsultationsonmanyeconomicandtechnicalissues.Proposemorecomprehensiveandscientificallyfeasibleplansormeasuresforgovernmentorcorporatedecision-makingreference.Therefore,technicalconsultationandservicesareaneffectiveformofscientificdecision-making.

Technicalconsultingandservicesincludefivetypes:decision-makingconsulting,engineeringtechnicalconsulting,managementconsulting,professionalconsultingandinformationconsulting.

3.Technologylicensetrade

Technologylicensetradeisamajorformofcurrentinternationaltechnologytrade.Itisawayoffixingtechnologybuyersandsellersintheformofcontractsorlicenses.Itissubjecttocontractlaworpatentlaw.Typesoftechnologytradetobeprotected.

Thebasicapproachis:thetechnologysupplierandthetechnologyimporterconductcommercialnegotiationsonatechnologytransferissue,andthetwopartiesreachanagreement(contract,license)ontheresultofthenegotiation.Accordingtotheagreement,thesupplier,Theimporterisallowedtouseitsinventiontechnologypatents,trademarksorknow-howwithincertainconditionsandtimeTothelicensorandassumetheconfidentialityandotherobligationsstipulatedintheagreement.Obviously,inthelicensetrade,thetechnologyimporteronlyobtainstherighttousethetechnology,andtheownershipofthetechnologyisstillinthehandsofthetechnologysupplier.

Technologylicensetradecanbedividedintofivetypes:exclusivelicense,exclusivelicense,ordinarylicense,transferablelicenseandinterchangelicenseaccordingtothetransferreduserights.Technologylicensetradecanbedividedintothreeforms:patentlicensetrade,trademarklicensetrade,andproprietarytechnologylicensetradeaccordingtothedifferentcontentofthetransferredtechnology.

Analysis

Analyzethetechnologymarketfromtheperspectiveofmarketing

ShenzhenTechnologyTransferSpecialistTraining'sunderstandingoftechnologymarketisasfollows:Subject,market-oriented,innovationsystemcombiningproduction,educationandresearch."

Tostudythetechnologymarketandengageintechnologytransferservices,wemustfollowthelawsofthemarketandanalyzethemarketinaccordancewiththebasictheoriesofmarketing.First,conductin-depthmarketresearchseekingtruthfromfactstoobtaindemand,andthenanalyzethethreebasicelementsofthe[technology(transfer)

market-users,behaviors,andproducts.

Marketdemand

Weneedaplatformthatcanshowcaseourselves,promoteourowntechnicalcapabilities,researchanddevelopmentcapabilities,andotherbusinesses,andtapcustomers.

Moremarketresourcesandinformationareneeded.

Informationonindustryachievementsandcompetitiveintelligenceareneeded..

Matureprojectsortechnicalproductsareneeded.

Itisnecessarytosolvethetechnicalproblemsencounteredintheprocessofproductresearchanddevelopment,includingcostcontrol,process,transformation,etc.

Toestablishanacademicianordoctoralstation,avarietyofhigh-endtechnicaltalentsareneeded.

High-qualitymaintenanceofhigh-techproducts,importedequipment,accessories,etc.isrequired.

Thereneedstobeaclassificationoftechnologytransferservicesaccordingtodisciplines.

Ihopetolearntheoreticalknowledgeandoperationalpracticesintechnologytransfer.

Needinformationaboutprofessionalexhibitions,forums,andpromotionmeetings.

Ihopetoparticipateinthetrainingofhigh-endtechnicalmanagementtalentsinproductiontechnologyandproductiontransformation.

Intermediaryagencieshopetohavegovernmentsupport(policies,alliances)tofacilitatetheexpansionoftechnologytransferbusiness.

Marketusersinclude:individuals,companies,researchinstitutes,universities,technologyintermediaries,industryassociations,investmentcompanies(technologymarketmanagementdepartments),(governmenttechnologymanagementdepartments),etc.

Users

Individuals:Individualswhoparticipateintechnologytransferwithpersonalprojects,personalinventions,privatecapital,etc.

Enterprises:Marketentitiesparticipateinallmarketbehaviors.Mostofthetechnologytransferoperationsaremainlycarriedoutbetweenenterprises(morethan90%ofR&Dinstitutions,R&DinstitutionsinShenzhenThepersonnelareintheenterprise,90%oftheR&Dfundingcomesfromtheenterprise,and90%ofthepatentsareappliedbytheenterprise).

Institutes,universities:Themainbodyoftheoreticalresearch,partofwhichparticipatesinproductionresearch,needstostrengthenitsintegrationwiththemarket.

Scienceandtechnologyintermediary:Theservicebodyofthemarketprovidesvarioussupportingservicesforthemarket,whichisapotentialforcetopromotemarketdevelopment.

IndustryAssociation:Withrichcorporateresources,itcanorganizeandguidecompaniestoparticipateintechnologytransferactivities.

Investmentcompanies:areavailableresourcesintechnologytransfer,whichcanprovidefundsforthemarketandpromotethemarketdevelopmentanddevelopmentofadvantageousprojects(itspurposeisnottopromotetechnologicalprogress).

Behavior

Buyingbehavior:Includingprojects,information,products,patents,etc.

Entrusteddevelopment:Thedemanderentruststhetechnicalpartytoconductcustomizeddevelopmentorresearchforspecificneeds.

Assemblylinetransformation:Accordingtodemand,themainbehaviorisforassemblylinetransformation.

Technicalcooperation:Bothpartieswillcooperateindevelopmentorresearchforspecificneeds.

Patentauthorization:Thepatentholderallowsthedemandertousetheholder’stechnologyinanauthorizedmanner.

Agentapplication:Agentapplicationforgovernmentprojects.

Training:Mainlyreferstotrainingrelatedtotechnologytransfer.

Technologyintermediaryservices:Mainlyrefertointermediaryservicesrelatedtotechnologybrokers.

Findtalents:Findandhiretechnicaltalents.

Organizingactivities:Organizeexhibitions,forums,promotionmeetingsandotheractivitiesaccordingtouserneeds.

Supervision:Toensurethesmoothprogressoftechnologytransferbyprovidingservicessuchasthecreditsystem.

Technologyevaluation:Evaluatemobiletechnologiesandtechnicalproductstoprovidereferencefortechnologytransfer.

Technicalsupport:Thetechnicalpartysolvestheproblemsofthetechnology,project,andproductintheuseprocessforthetechnologyuser.

Consignmentprocessing:Tomeettheproductionneedsofuserswithproductioncapacity.

Agent:Mainlyreferstoactssuchaspatentagency,projectagency,productagency,etc.

Propaganda:Increasetheinfluenceofusersinallaspectsthroughpropaganda.

Equipmentleasing:Tomeetthedevelopmentorresearchneedsbyrentingequipmenttime.

Governmentbuysservices:"Solvingtechnicalproblemsofenterprises",includingstatistics,technicaldifficultiesbidding,commondemandextractionandsoon.

Product