Technology diffusion

Definition

It refers not to refer to the simple acquisition of production technology, but emphasizes the construction activities of technical ability to introduce technology. Technical diffusion is in technology progress and technological innovation, and related to technological innovation is related to the promotion and dissemination process of technology, and innovation refers to new inventions that are first introduced into commercial trading activities.

From the perspective of human history, technical proliferation plays a crucial role in technology progress. A technological innovation unless it is widely used and promoted, it will not affect the economy in any substance. Shutz pointed out that there is no spread and innovation impossible. In general, technology diffusion can cause innovation to generate economic benefits and social benefits in a greater range, promote the optimization of national industrial technological progress and industrial structure, and promote the development of the national economy.

principle

Overflow Effect

Technology Diffusion "overflow effect" is the externality of technology diffusion. Including:

first, technical leading company's demonstration effect, technology backward enterprise mimics;

second, human capital flow; the flow here contains human capital tangible Transfer, including intangible transfer of human capital. The former mainly refers to the technical overflow that occurs through the flow of people, and the latter mainly refers to the technology spills that occur through the flow of personnel, but only the technical spills occurring by means of information.

third, contact effect. It refers to the promotion of technology that does not occur through pure market transactions.

Construction Analysis

Technical Damping Field refers to the distribution of elements of various influences of interrelations and interactions in a certain area.

The formation of the field source

technology diffusion refers to a propagation of technology in space. The technical gap between different regions is the basic premise of technology to spread. The key reason for proliferation is the common role of the needs of technical overflow and backward area technology in developed regions.

First, the developed area has made a lot of investment in the process of taking the lead in technological innovation. This is because technological innovation contains great risks. Various unknown factors are difficult to predict, which has made a complex risk nonlinear relationship between innovative investment and innovation, and the innovation project is inevitable after entering the market. In reducing risk, expanding success rate, maintaining innovative innovation work is very high. This new technical product, developed areas always try to confidential and monopoly techniques through a variety of ways, and therefore has monopolistic profits. However, due to the technical competition between developed regions, developed areas must consider transferring technology to techniques in a certain period of time to make technical development costs satisfactorily compensation.

Second, objectively, technology overflow has led to the best time transfer technology in developed areas.

The so-called technical overflow effect means that once the technology is produced, it may be used at low cost, and the products used in the original producers, and the more people who use this technology More, the wider the range, the greater the overflow effect.

For backward areas, such a "overflow benefit" can always be obtained. For example, the backward area on the technology imitation innovation in developed regions is an important way to overflow effect. Even if there is intellectual property, etc., the backward area sometimes does not even need the details of the technology, and only the information included in the product itself, the technology can be imitated. By mimicing the backward area, you can produce the same or similar products as developed areas. Relatively, the developed area has not been acquired for the entire value of the technology, and some part is absorbed in the backward area, while the backward area has obtained the technology with relatively low cost and benefits yourself.

The formation of the absorbent body

technology is the direct productivity of society. It determines the quality of the production factors and the labor nature of the production process and the way. Countless practices, technology is the dominant factors of lagging area production activities, which directly, indirectly affects the nature, content and methods of many economic links such as backward areas. If you want to achieve leap-forward development, you must vigorously develop technology.

For backward areas, development technology is also an objective requirement of its industrial structure. Industrial structure includes product structure, labor structure, employment structure, consumption structure, etc. With the advancement of technology, the industrial structure will change. Advanced technology will increase the utilization efficiency, new technologies, new equipment, and new techniques of production factors, and reduce energy and raw material consumption, result in greater output at the same input level.

Advanced technology can optimize the backward area product structure. Advanced technology drives industry structure changes, starting from technology and new products. When a new product, new materials and even new processes show significant superiority, they will have an impact on the original production structure: First, relatively backward old products are forced to withdraw from the market. Second, new products promote, driving supporting enterprises and departments to carry out corresponding technological changes, establish new relationships and product structures during the diffusion of this wavefront effect.

Therefore, there is a strong demand for advanced technology in the backward area to develop economy.

The field source and technical absorber of the technical diffusion field are formed between such supply and demand. Any field is generated by the field source. In the technical diffusion field, advanced technology in developed areas is the source. The lagging area of ​​potential adoption of advanced technology is the technical absorber.

Technical Damping Field

Technical Diffusion Source The direction of the technique of technically absorbent, is by the diffusion source to technique absorption, this is Technical diffusion operation direction. The same technique diffusion source is different for different technological absorbers, indicating that the technology diffusion has a size. The speed of diffusion is slowly dependent on the intensity of the field in space and the potential energy of the space area itself. The technology diffuses from the diffusion source into the technical absorber through the diffusion field, which is affected by many factors. This article discusses from both regional social environment and capital environments.

First, the regional social environmental factors affecting the technology is

Social environment is one of the most important factors affecting the spread of field. And the social environment here, we understand it as the regional "market environment", history, cultural environment, infrastructure environment, national policy system, regional industry structure environment.

1, market environment

Technical diffusion is a complex process involving science and economic activities, which urgently needs the corresponding market environment in the diffusion process. The market environment here is a complete social and economic service system. Such as improving the efficiency, improving information services, strengthening technical training and exchanges, promoting scientific and technological achievements transformation and key technical promotion.

2, regional history, cultural

regional culture refers to the region's value standard, life custom, traditional habits formed by the region under certain historical conditions. Overall organic integral with factors such as moral ethics, mental style. Any technique is always associated with a certain cultural background, the technology diffusion process is the same.

3, policy system

The backward area is inseparable from the technical proliferation process, inability to support the support and guidance of national policies. Technology can surpass, policy cannot exceed. The proliferation of technology requires a good economic environment and national special policies to support.

4, regional industry structure

regional industrial structure refers to the intrinsic linkage and proportional relationship between the industries in the region, and also refers to the regional economy formed by the industry's association. relation. Regional industrial structure is constantly changing with economic growth, its evolution constitutes an important part of regional economic development and national economic development, and is one of the key factors affecting the quality of technology and effects.

Second, regional capital environmental factors affecting the technology

The capital can be expressed as all production factors contained in the production process in a particular production mechanism. It mainly includes two kinds, one, material capital. The stock and even distribution patterns of material capital will greatly affect the speed of technology diffusion. Rich material capital gives technical practice. The stock of material capital has a great impact on the content of the introduction technology and even the technical diffusion. Second, human capital. Human capital refers to the sum of the quality factors such as the economic value, technology, capabilities and health (Li Jianmin, 1999). Human capital is divided into general human capital and innovative human capital. Former, such as physical workers, ordinary operators, latter, such as high-level researchers, entrepreneurs, etc. During technical diffusion, everything and technical related behaviors, all relationships with people. The quality of the regional population directly affects the speed of technology diffusion.