storage card

MMCseries

MMC

DuetothelargesizeoftraditionalCFcards,InfineonandSanDiskjointlylaunchedanewmemorycardproductin1997MultiMediaCard(MMCcardforshort).ThesizeoftheMMCcardis32mm×24mm×1.4mm,witha7-pininterfaceandnoread-writeprotectionswitch.Mainlyusedindigitalcameras,mobilephones(suchasSiemensMP3,mobilephone6688),andsomePDAproducts.

RS-MMC

ItisamemorycarddesignedformultimediaproductssuchasmobilephonesandlaunchedbytheMMCAssociationin2002.RS-MMCismuchsmallerthanMMC,anditcanbeconvertedintoastandardMMCcardwithadedicatedadapter.

MMCPLUS

InSeptember2004,theMMCAssociationlaunchedMMCPLUSandMMCmoboile.ThesizeoftheMMCPLUScardisthesameasthatoftheordinaryMMCcard,andithasafasterreadingspeed.Somefactorieshavealsointroducedlow-voltageMMCPLUS.

MMCmoboile

Inordertoobtainbetterpower-savingperformance,theMMCAssociationhasintroducedamemorycardthatcanworkatlowvoltageandiscompatiblewiththeoriginalRS-MMC-MMCmoboile,itcanworkintwomodesof1.65～1.95Vand2.7～3.6Vvoltage,andthetheoreticaltransmissionspeedcanreachupto52MB/s.ItiscalleddualvoltageRS-MMC.ThesizeoftheMMCmoboileandtheRS-MMCcardareexactlythesame.ThebiggestdifferenceisthattheMMCmoboilehas13goldenfingers.

MMCmicro

ComparedwithmicroSDcard,MMCmicrohasaslightlylargervolume,12mm×14mm×1.1mm.LikeMMCmoboile,itsupportsdualvoltageandissuitableformobilephonesandotherhandheldportabledevicesthatrequirehighsizeandbatterylife.

SDseries

SDcard

SDcardiconwithsizeinstructions(4sheets)

SecureDigitalThecardisabbreviatedasSDcard.Fromaliteralunderstanding,thiscardisasecuritycard,whichisbetterthantheCFcardandtheearlierSMcardintermsofsecurityperformance.Itisabrand-newmemorycardproductjointlydevelopedbyJapan'sPanasonic,ToshibaandSanDisk.Thebiggestfeatureistoensurethesafetyandconfidentialityofdatathroughtheencryptionfunction.SDcardcanbeseenasanupgradeofMMCinmanyways.Bothhavethesameappearanceandworkingmethod,exceptthatthethicknessoftheMMCcardisslightlythinner,butthemachinethatusestheSDcarddevicecanusetheMMCcard.Itsexternaldimensionsare32mm×24mm×2.1mm.

miniSD

TheSDcardisslightlybloatedforsmalldigitalproductssuchasmobilephones.Atthesametime,inordertocatchupwithDuoandXd,theSDcardcampreleasedasmallermemorycardcalled"miniSD".Itsdimensionsare20mm×21.5mm×1.4mm,thepackagingareais44%oftheoriginalSDcard,thevolumeis63%oftheoriginalSDcard,andithas11goldenfingers(thereareonly9SDcards).ItcanalsobeusedasanSDcardthroughtheadaptercard.ThecardiswidelyusedonmobilephonessuchasDopodandPanasonic.

microSD

ThemicroSDcardstandardwasformulatedbytheSDAssociationin2005withreferencetotherelevantstandardsofT-Flash.T-FlashcardsandmicroSDcardsarecompatiblewitheachother.ComparedwiththeminiSDcard,themicroSDcardismorecompact,withasizeof11mm×15mm×1.4mm,whichisonlyaboutaquarterofthestandardSDcard,andiscurrentlythesmallestmemorycardonthemarket.

T-Flashcard

T-Flashcard,namelyTFcard,withsizedescription(2sheets)

Fullname:TransFLash,ItwasjointlydevelopedbyMotorolaandSANDISKandlaunchedin2004.Itisanultra-smallcard(11*15*1MM),about1/4oftheSDcard,whichcanberegardedasthesmallestmemorycardatpresent.TFcardcanbeusedasSDcardafterSDcardconverter.TheadaptercanbeusedondevicesthatuseSDasastoragemedium.TransFlashismainlydevelopedforcameraphonestoshootlargeimagesandtobeabletodownloadlargervideoclips.TheTransFlashcardcanbeusedtostorepersonaldata,suchasdigitalphotos,MP3,games,andmobilephoneapplicationsandpersonaldata.Italsohasacopyrightprotectionmanagementsystembuiltintoprotectdownloadedmusic,imagesandgames;newmodelswillbelaunchedinthefutureTransFlashisalsoequippedwithanencryptionfunctiontoprotectpersonaldata,financialrecordsandhealthandmedicaldocuments.ThesmallsizeofTransFlashallowsmanufacturerstoadoptthisdesignwithoutworryingaboutthesizeofthephone,andanotherflexibleapplicationistoallowsupplierstoreplacethemaccordingtodifferentneedsofcustomersatanytimebeforedelivery.Thisadvantageisnotavailableinembeddedflashmemory..

Detaileddescription:

◆ThevolumeisabouthalfaSIMcard,withabuilt-incopyrightprotectionmanagementsystem,whichissuitableformultiplemultimediaapplications.

◆Aftermatchingtheadapter,itcanbeusedondigitalproductswithSDcardslot.

◆Size:11mm*15mm*1mm.

SDHC

SDHCistheabbreviationof"SecureDigitalHighCapacity",thatis,"HighCapacitySDMemoryCard".InMay2006,theSDAssociationreleasedthelatestversionoftheSD2.0systemspecification,whichstipulatesthatSDHCisanSDcardthatmeetsthenewspecificationandhasacapacitygreaterthan2GBandlessthanorequalto32GB.

ThebiggestfeatureofSDHCishighCapacity(2GB-32GB).Inaddition,theSDAssociationstipulatesthatSDHCmustusetheFAT32filesystem.ThisisbecausetheFAT16filesystempreviouslyusedinSDcardssupportsamaximumcapacityof2GB,whichdoesnotmeettherequirementsofSDHC.

AsthesuccessoroftheSDcard,SDHC'smainfeatureisthatthefileformathasbeenupgradedfromthepreviousFAT12andFAT16toFAT32,anditsupportsupto32GB.Atthesametime,thetransmissionspeedisredefinedasClass2(2MB/sec),Class4(4MB/sec),Class6(6MB/sec),etc.Thehigh-speedSDcardcansupportreal-timestorageofhigh-resolutionvideorecording.

TheexternalsizeofSDHCcardis32×24×2.1mm(length×width×height).LikeSDcard,copyrightprotectionfunctionsarethesameasbefore.However,duetochangesinthefilesystem,itonlysupportsFAT12/16formatSDdevicesareincompatible,andFAT32(SDHC)machinesarealsosupported,whichcanreadexistingFAT12/16formatSDcards.

AllSDcardswithacapacitygreaterthan2GmustcomplywiththeSDHCspecification.ThespecificationstatesthattheSDHCmustatleastmeettheClass2speedrating,andtheremustbeanSDHClogoandaspeedratinglogoonthecard.

Therearesomebrandsinthemarketthatprovide4GBorhighercapacitySDcardsthatdonotmeettheaboveconditions,suchaslackofSDHClogoorspeedclasslogo,thesememorycardscannotbecalledSDHCcards,strictlyspeakingSincetheyarenotrecognizedbytheSDAssociation,thistypeofcardislikelytohavecompatibilityissueswiththedeviceinuse.

SDXC

TheSDAssociationshowcaseda2TBSDXCmemorycard(SDeXtendedCapacity)atCES2009.

SDXCnotonlyhasalargecapacity,butalsoitsdatatransmissionspeedisnotbad.Accordingtoreports,itsmaximumtransmissionspeedisexpectedtoreach300MB/s.Withalarge-capacitymemorycard,youcanuseNDStoburnthecardoruseamemorystickvestorotherfriendstothrowanythingintoitatwill,butthedatasecurityperformanceistemporarilyunclear.ThisSDXCmemorycardusesNANDflashmemorychipsandusesMicrosoft'sexFATfilesystem(vista'snewfilesystem).

(1)ThecurrentmaximumcapacityofSDXCmemorycardsisupto64GB.Thetheoreticalcapacityis2TB

(2)SupportUHS104,anewultra-high-speedSDinterfacespecification,thehigheststandardofthenewSDmemorycardstandardVer.3.00,whichachieves104MBpersecondontheSDinterfaceThebustransferspeedcanachieveamaximumwritespeedof35MBpersecondandamaximumreadspeedof60MBpersecond.

(3)UHS104providestraditionalSDinterface-3.3VDS(25MHz)/HS(50MHz).ThenewSDHCmemorycardsupportingUHS104iscompatiblewithexistingSDHCcorrespondingequipment.

(4)SDXCmemorycardsareonlycompatiblewithSDXCcorrespondingdeviceswithexFATfilesystem.ItcannotbeusedforSDorSDHCcorrespondingdevices.

(5)UsethemostreliableCPRMcopyrightprotectiontechnology.

(6)UHS104isanewultra-high-speedinterfacespecificationwithadatabustransferrateof104MBpersecond.ThisisthehigheststandardinthenewSDmemorycardstandardVer.3.00.

(7)SDXCmemorycardisthenext-generationSDmemorycardstandarddefinedbytheSDAssociationinApril2009.Itmeetsthegrowingdemandforlarge-capacitystoragemediaandprovidesfasterstorageforrichstorageapplications.Thedatatransferrate.ComparedwiththeSDHCmemorycardstandardthatprovides4GBto32GBcapacity,thenewSDXCmemorycardstandardcanachieveacapacityexceeding32GB,upto2TB(TB:terabyte,trillionbytes,1TB=1024GB).

MemoryStick

MemoryStickMSisamemorycardproductlaunchedbySonyin1999.Itlookslikeachewinggum,thelengthisthesameasthatofordinaryAAbatteries,andtheweightisonly4grams.A10-pininterfacestructureisadopted,andawrite-protectswitchisbuilt-in.Accordingtothecoloroftheshell,thememorystickcanalsobeabluestripandawhitestrip.ThewhitestripedmemorystickhasMagicGatecopyrightprotectionfunction,whichisoftenusedinmediaplayers.AsSony’sdigitalproductlineisveryrich,thepopularityofMemoryStickMemoryStickisverywidespread.MemoryStickMemoryStickhasbeenwidelyusedindigitalcameras,PDAsanddigitalvideocameras.

Inviewofthefactthatothermanufacturershaveintroducedfasterandsmallermemorycards,Sonyhasalsointroducedmemorystickexpansionandupgradeproducts,includingMSPRO,MSDuo,MSPRODuo,MSMicro,andCompactVault.Thememorystickfamilyisindeeddazzling.

MSPRO

Itiscalledanenhancedmemorystick,thesizeis50×21.5×2.8mm,themaximumtransmissionspeedcanreach160Mbps,andthemaximumcapacitycanreach32GB.PleasebeawarethatMemoryStickProisnotbackwardcompatiblewiththeoriginalmemorysticks,soyoumustseeifitsupportsthistypeofmemorystickwhenpurchasingtheproduct.ThisstickhasbeenwidelyusedinSonydigitalcamerassince2003.

MSDuo

Itiscalledapocketmemorystick(shortstick),thesizeis20×31×1.6mm,andthevolumeisapproximatelysmallerthanthestandardMemoryStick(longstick)1/3,andthetotalamountisreducedby1/2,makingthetotalamountofMSDuoonly2g!Themaximumwritespeedis14.4Mbps,andthemaximumreadspeedis19.6Mbps.

MSPRODuo

ThisisanewversionofMSDuo,thesizeis20×31×1.6mm,italsosupportsMagicGatecopyrightprotectiontechnology,andthetransmissionspeedisupto20MB/S.ShortsticksarewidelyusedinSonydigitalcameras,Sonydigitalvideocameras,SonyEricssonphonesandPSPs.MSDuocanbeconnectedtostandardMSproductsthroughanadapter.ItisrecommendedthatyoualsoconsiderbuyingMSPRODuoshortstickswhenbuyingMSPROmemorysticks,sothattheycanbeusedonmoredigitalproducts.

MSMicro(M2)

IntroducedinFebruary2006,itisaverycompactmemorycarddesignedmainlyformobilephones.Thesizeis15×12×1.2mm,whichisonlyaquarterofMSPRODuo.Itsupportsdualvoltagesof1.8Vand3.3V.

CompactVault

isakindofmicroharddiskproductcompatiblewithCFIImemorycardstandarddevelopedbySonyandSeagate.Atpresent,themaximumcapacityhasreached8GB,whichcanstore2560picturesofabout3MBor320minutesofMP4.

PCIeflashmemorycard

FlashCardisamemorythatusesFlashMemorytechnologytostoreelectronicinformation.Itisgenerallyusedindigitalcameras,handheldcomputers,MP3andothersmallAsastoragemediumindigitalproducts,itlookssmallandlookslikeacard,soitiscalledaflashmemorycard.ThePCI-eflashmemorycard(PCI-Express)isthelatestbusandinterfacestandard.Itsoriginalnameis"3GIO".PCIeisahigh-speedserialpoint-to-pointdual-channelhigh-bandwidthtransmission.Theconnecteddevicesareallocatedexclusivechannelbandwidth.Itdoesnotshareresourcesandmainlysupportsfunctionssuchasactivepowermanagement,errorreporting,end-to-endreliabletransmission,hotplugandqualityofservice(QOS).

Theprincipleisbasedon[NAND-typeflashmemory].ThebasicstorageunitofmemoryandNOR-typeflashmemoryisbit,anduserscanrandomlyaccessanybitofinformation.ThebasicstorageunitofNAND-typeflashmemoryisPage(youcanseethatapageofNAND-typeflashmemoryissimilartoasectorofaharddisk,andasectorofaharddiskisalso512bytes).Theeffectivecapacityofeachpageisamultipleof512bytes.Theso-calledeffectivecapacityreferstothepartusedfordatastorage.Infact,16bytesofcheckinformationareadded.Therefore,wecanseetherepresentationof"(512+16)Byte"inthetechnicalinformationoftheflashmemorymanufacturer..ThevastmajorityofNAND-typeflashmemorywithacapacitybelow2Gbhasapagecapacityof(512+16)bytes,whiletheNAND-typeflashmemorywithacapacityabove2Gbexpandsthepagecapacityto(2048+64)bytes.

PCIewasrenamed"PCI-Express",abbreviatedas"PCI-E"afterbeingcertifiedandreleasedbyPCI-SIG(PCISpecialInterestOrganization).ThisnewstandardwillcompletelyreplacethecurrentPCIandAGP,andfinallyrealizetheunificationofbusstandards.ItismainlyusedinSSDs(solidstatedrives)inservers.TherearemanysuppliersofPCIeflashmemorycards,suchasIBM-TMS,Intel,LSI,OCZ,Samsung(planning),SanDisk,STEC,SuperTalent,andToshiba(planning)Medium),amongwhichtheproductsproducedbyLSIarethemostprominent,withthebestqualityandperformance.ThelatestversionisPCI-E3.0,andthereisalsoPCI-E(version1.0)thathasnotbeendelisted.2.0doublesthebandwidthof1.0,and3.0doublesthebandwidthof2.0to5GHzx4.ThePCIExpress2.0specificationhasmadeamajorupgradeindatatransmissionspeed,thatis,doubledfromtheprevious2.5Gbpsbusfrequencyto5.0Gbps,whichmeansthatthepreviousPCIExpress2.0x16interfacecandoubletoanastonishing10GB/sbusBandwidth(1GB/s=8Gbps).

Othercards

CFcard

CFcardisoneofthememorycardswithalonghistoryinthemarket,withlargestoragecapacity,lowcostandgoodcompatibility.TheseBotharetheadvantagesoftheCFcard,butthedisadvantageisthelargersize.Itwasfirstlaunchedin1994by5CalliancessuchasSanDisk,Hitachi,Toshiba,GermanyIngentix,andPanasonic.ItalreadyhasCanon,LG,Epson,Casio,Minolta,Nikon,Kodak,NEC,Polaroid,Panasonic,Psion,HPAndmanyotherOEMusersandpartners,themanufacturer'sfoundationisverysolid.

CFcardiscomposedofcontrolchipandmemorymodule.Theinterfaceadopts50-pindesign.ItisdividedintoCFⅠandCFⅡ,thelatteristwiceasthickastheformer.DigitalcamerasthatonlysupportCFIcardsdonotsupportCFIIcards.CFIIcardcamerasarebackwardcompatiblewithCFI.CanonandNikon'sdigitalcamerasarefirmproponentsofCFmemorycards,andalmostalldigitalSLRcamerasuseCFcardsasstoragemedia.

AlthoughCFhasbeenaroundforalongtime,itstillexudesvitality.Manylarge-capacity,small-volumeCF-typememorycardsareconstantlybeingintroduced,includingIBMandHitachi’smicroharddiskseries(MD),whichuseCFⅡCarddesign.ThebiggestdifferencebetweenitandtheCFcardisthatitdoesnotuseamemorychipbutamicroharddiskasthestoragemedium.ComparedwiththeCFcard,MDisinferiorindurability,especiallyshockresistance,butMDhastheadvantagesofhighcapacityandhighcostperformance..

Inaddition,majormanufacturerssuchasSandiskhavealsodevelopedCFcardswithacapacityofupto120G.Theselarge-capacityCFcardshaveampleroomforprofessionaldigitalcameras.

Differenttypesofmemorycards(4sheets)

IntheCFmemorycardsusedindigitalcameras,theaccessspeedismarkedby×,where“1×”=150KB/s,forexample:4×(600KB/s),8×(1.2MB/s),10×(1.5MB/s),12×(1.8MB/s),nowthereareupto40×CFstorageCard.Relativelyspeaking,theuseofafasterCFcardwillimprovetheshootingeffectofdigitalcameras,butinpracticalapplications,somemediumandlow-enddigitalcameraproductsareduetoCCDsensors,componentsused,andtechnicalreasons,eveniftheyareusedTheadvantagesofhigherspeedCFmemorycardsintermsofspeedarealsodifficulttoreflect.Itisrecommendedthatusersofhigh-enddigitalcamerasconsiderchoosingahigh-speedCFmemorycardtospeeduptheaccessspeedandensuretheeffectofshooting.

InCFmemorycards,differentmanufacturersusuallyadoptsomepatentedtechnologiestooptimizethereadandwritespeedofdigitalcamerasandmemorycards.Forexample,Lexar’swriteaccelerationtechnology(WA),throughtheuseofwriteaccelerationtechnologyindigitalcameras(WA),whichcanmakethedigitalcamerahaveafastertransmissionspeedandreduceunnecessaryinstructions,especiallyforhigh-resolutiondigitalcameras,byshorteningthewritingspeedofshootinghigh-resolutionimagefiles,theapplicationinthecontinuousshootingmodeisoptimized.

XDimagecard

TheXDimagecardisafollow-upproductoftheSMcarddevelopedbyFujiandOlympusOpticalIndustry.Thesizeofthecardis20.0x25.0x1.7mm,anditsweightWeighingonly3grams,itisalsooneofthesmallestandlightestmemorycards.

After2003,thedigitalcameraslaunchedbyFujiandOlympusallusexDmemorycardsasmedia.ThenameofxD-PictureCardisanabbreviationof"eXtremeDigital"(Cutting-edgeImageMemoryTechnology).Thereadspeedisashighas5MB/Sec,andthewritespeedisashighas3MB/Sec(specification:64MBormore).Thepowerconsumptionisonly25mW.

SMcard

SM(SmartMedia)cardisaFlashMemorymemorycardreleasedbyToshibaCorporationinNovember1995.Samsungpurchasedtheproductionandsaleslicensein1996.,ThesetwocompaniesbecamethemainSMcardmanufacturers.SmartMediacardisalsoacommonmicro-storagecardonthemarket,onceverypopularonMP3players.

ThesizeoftheSMcardis37mm×45mm×0.76mm.SincetheSMcarditselfhasnocontrolcircuitandismadeofplastic(dividedintomanyslices),theSMcardissmallinsizeandverylightandthin.Before2002,itwaswidelyusedinOlympusandFujidigitalcameras.However,sincethecontrolcircuitoftheSMcardisintegratedindigitalproducts(suchasdigitalcameras),thecompatibilityofdigitalcamerasiseasilyaffected.

It'shardtoseeitsexistenceinthemarket.

Otherinformation

Purposeofthememorycard

1.Itisusedtostorephotosonadigitalcamera.

2.Usedtostoremusic,files,moviesandvideosonthephone.

3.UsedtostorevideoonDV(digitalvideocamera).

4.UsedtostoredataonGPS.

5.Usedforstoringprogramsoftwareonindustrialcontrol,etc.

6.ForMP3,MP4,digitalvoicerecorder,etc.

Precautions

Youalsoneedtopayattentiontothefollowingpointswhenbuyingamemorycard:

1,compatibility

JustlikeDIYcomputerhardware,Thememorycardalsohascompatibilityissues.Therearealsocertainincompatibilityissuesbetweendifferentbrandsofmemorycardsanddigitalcameras.Mainlymanifestedinthecardreadingtimeistoolong,theaccessspeedistoolong,orthephenomenonofcrashoccurs.Sowhenyoubuyamemorycard,youmustrememberthemodelofthememorycardcorrespondingtothemachine.Itissafertobringthemachinetotryinperson.

2.Packagingandappearanceworkmanship

Payattentiontowhethertheprintingqualityofthepackageisclearandwhetherthereisananti-counterfeitinglabel.Ifyoucanuse800tochecktheauthenticity,itisbesttocallthenextquestion,andfinallyLookattheoverallmanufacturingsituationofthecard,whetherthereareanyproblemssuchasdeformation,bumps,cracks,whetherthereareburrsontheedgesofthecard,andwhetherthecutcornersaresymmetricalornot.

3.Warrantytime

Generalmiscellaneousbrandshaveaone-yearwarranty,whilelargemanufacturerslikeSANDISKgenerallyprovidea5-yearwarranty,sobesuretopurchasethemachineItisnecessarytoaskforthewarrantyperiodofthememorycardpurchased,andalsotoaskfortherelevantinvoicereceipt.6.Thememorycardissuitableformobiledevicessuchasmobilephones,generally1G.2G.4G.8G.16G.32G.