Solar radiation

Monitoring meaning

Monitor solar radiation illuminance, not only is the radiation of the Earth's radiation revenue, but also converts the solar constant. The energy on the earth is directly or indirectly from solar radiation in addition to nuclear energy, geothermal, volcanic eruptions. For the complex system of land, ocean and atmosphere, no matter what kind of atmosphere is present, the ocean, atmospheric circulation and biological process and its interaction, solar radiation is the most important external energy, it Tiny variations will also lead to changes in global energy circulation, water, carbon and nitrogen circulation processes, causing huge changes in the global environment and climate and weather. Sun radiation is the main driving force, climate change, and medium-long weather forecast, etc., the solar radiation is required for global radiation income and expenditure.

The peak of the sun radiation is about ± 0.2%, but the impact on the Earth's climate is huge, and there is often an abnormal climate, causing a variety of natural disasters. Humanity faces a series of major issues of global environmental changes, is related to human survival foundation, which has caused widespread attention around the world. The global environmental problem has become a major topic and international political issues in countries and international policies. For the observation of the earth and the sun, master the current situation of the Earth Environment, understand the relationship between the earth environment and the climate change between the solar radiation, and prove the mechanism of the relationship between them, and the possible future changes of human prediction global environment. And it is very important to take the countermeasures.

Measurement History

In 190s, the US Jet Promoting Laboratory has developed a series of active type radiometer ACR (source type radiation meter) series, in addition, Swiss PMOD The PMO series absolute radiometer, the Riarad series of Riarad series, Belgium, the absolute radiater, and the like.

1978 NIMBUS-7- / ERB (Yun Yun 7 / Earth Radiation Revenge) began monitoring solar radiation light in the outer space in 1978.

February 1980 - July 1989 SMM / Acrimi (Sun Activity Annual Task Satellite / Active Cavity Radiation Measurement Monitor) Continuously Measuring Sun radiation light in the atmosphere .

1984, erbs / erbe (Earth radiation revenue satellite / earth radiation revenue experiment) was launched to monitor the sun radiation illumination

1985, NOAA in 1986 -9 (National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration - 9), NOAA-10 (National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration-10) measured the solar radiation.

October 1991 - During December 1996, UARS / ACRIMII (sustained atmosphere satellite / active cavity radiometer II) was monitored to solar radiation illuminance.

January 18, 1996, SOHO / VIRGO (Sun sunlight observer / sun radiation illuminance and gravitational vibration) emission lifting.

December 1999, US launching EOS / ACRIMSAT (Earth observation system / active cavity radiation meter).

July 2002, Sorce / TIM (Sun Radiation and Climate Monitoring Satellite / Solar Amount Monitor) Emitted, and the sun radiation illuminance was measured with EOS / Acrimsat.

World Radiation Standard

Established "International Trhemtric Scale 1956-IPS56".

1974 - 1975, Switzerland Davos World Radiation Center WRC (World Radiation Center) determines the new radiation standard - World Radio Reference WRR (World Radiometric Reference), 2.2% higher than IPS56 standard The uncertainty is ± 0.3%, and it is officially implemented in 1980.

1994, the UK's National Physical Laboratory (NPL) represents Si Standard, PMO6- 11 Absolute radiometer represents World Radiation Reference WRR.

From September 25, 2000 to October 13, 2000, the ninth international daily intensity meter in Switzerland Davos, the ninth International Daji intensity is subject to IPC-IX.

Affecting factors

Due to the existence of the atmosphere, the size of the solar radiation energy that truly reaches the earth's surface is subject to many factors, including the sun, atmospheric mass, atmospheric transparency, geography Latitude, sunshine time and altitude.

sun height

The height of the floor is called the solar height. The height of the sun is constantly changing in one day. Morning The lowest (0 °) at sunrise, gradually increase, up to 90 ° at noon; in the afternoon, it gradually decreases, when the sunset is reduced to 0 °, the sun is constantly changing in the year. This is Since the earth is not only rotated, but also around the sun's revolution. For a certain plane, the solar is high, the light passes through the atmosphere, and its energy attenuation is also more, and the light is smaller. The angle is projected onto the plane, so the solar energy that truly reaches the ground is less. Violation.

Atmospheric quality

Atmospheric absorption and scattering action will reach the ground Solar energy attenuation. The size of its attenuation is related to the length of solar radiation through the atmospheric distance. The longer the sun radiation passes through the atmosphere, the larger the energy attenuation; the shorter distance, the smaller energy loss.

Atmospheric transparency

On the surface of the earth, the solar radiation illuminance is often changed because the atmospheric transparency is different. Sunny cloudless weather, high atmospheric transparency, more sun radiation to the ground; sky cloudy or Sand weather, low atmospheric transparency, solar radiation to the ground is less.

Geography latitude

The radiation energy of solar radiation is gradually weakened from low latitude, which is due to the sun. The passage of the atmosphere is different.

Sunshine time

The sunshine time is also an important factor affecting the light radiation illuminance, the longer the sunshine time, the solar radiation obtained by the ground The more you can.

Altitude

Altitude is also affecting the sun radiation illumination. The higher the sea level, the higher the atmospheric transparency, the sun is always The more radiation can.