social relationship

Meaning

Fromtheperspectiveofbothsidesoftherelationship,socialrelationshipincludestherelationshipbetweenindividuals,therelationshipbetweenindividualsandgroups,andtherelationshipbetweenindividualsandthecountry;generally,italsoincludesgroupsTherelationshipwiththegroup,therelationshipbetweenthegroupandthecountry.Thescopeofgroupshererangesfromcivilorganizationstonationalpoliticalparties.Thecountryhereisessentiallyasocietyofoneterritory,thatis,therelationshipbetweentheindividualandthecountryistherelationshipbetweentheindividualandthesociety,andtherelationshipbetweentheindividualandtheworldistherelationshipbetweentheindividualandtheentiresociety.

Fromtheperspectiveofthefieldofrelations,socialrelationsinvolvemanyaspects,themainrelationsareeconomicrelations,politicalrelations,andlegalrelations.Economicrelationsareproductionrelations.Inaddition,religion,military,etc.arealsoimportantareasinwhichsocialrelationsareembodied.

Relationshipclassification

Asthepracticeofhumanbeingstransformingnatureandsocietyisdeepeningandexpanding,complex,diverseandmulti-levelsocialrelationshipshavehistoricallyformed.Marxistphilosophyscientificallyrevealsthesubordinationbetweenvarioussocialrelations,andaccordinglydividessocialrelationsintotwobasiccategories:materialrelationsandideologicalrelations.Materialrelationshipisaninevitableconnectionformedbypeopleinproductionactivitiesthatdoesnotdependonpeople’sconsciousnessandwill.Thoughtrelationshipisarelationshipformedthroughpeople’sconsciousness.Itisareflectionofmaterialrelationship(seematerialsocialrelationshipandsocialideology).relation).Socialrelationscanalsobeclassifiedfromsomeotherperspectives:①Fromthesubjectandscopeofsocialrelations,itcanbedividedintorelationshipsbetweenindividuals,relationshipsamonggroups,classes,nations,domesticandinternationalrelationships,etc.;②Fromthedifferentfieldsofsocialrelations,itcanbedividedintoeconomicrelations,politicalrelations,legalrelations,ethicalandmoralrelations,religiousrelations,etc.;③Fromthecontradictorynatureofsocialrelations,socialrelationscanbedividedintoantagonisticandnon-antagonisticrelations.relation.Anantagonisticrelationshipisacontradictoryrelationshipthatinvolvesthefundamentalantagonismoftheinterestsofbothpartiesandoftenrequirescoercivemeanstomaintainorresolve.Itusuallyreferstotherelationshipbetweentheexploitingclassandtheexploitedclass,andtherelationshipbetweentheenemyandourselves.Non-confrontationalrelationsarecontradictoryrelationsthatinvolvethesamefundamentalinterestsofbothpartiesandcanberesolvedthroughcriticism,persuasion,andadjustment.Theyusuallyrefertorelationsamongthepeople.

RelationSystem

Varioussocialrelationsinacertainsocialhistorystageconstituteasocialrelationsystem,thatis,asocialform.Inthissystem,varioussocialrelationsarenotadisorderlyaccumulation,butanorganicwholewithacertainorderandlaw.Amongthem,productionrelationsconstitutetheeconomicfoundation,andvariousideologicalrelationsthatreflecttherequirementsandcharacteristicsoftheeconomicfoundationarethesuperstructure.Betweendifferentsocialrelations,therearesubordination,inclusion,mutualpenetrationandmutualrestraintrelations.Theyeachoccupyacertainpositionandplaydifferentroles.Thematerialrelationshipdeterminestheideologicalrelationship,andtheideologicalrelationshipinturnaffectsthematerialrelationship.Theoverallsystemofsocialrelationsdeterminesandrestrictsthevarioussocialrelationsthatarepartofthissystem,andeachsocialrelationalsohasacertaininfluenceontheoverallsystem.Inparticular,thedominantsocialrelationshaveanimpactonthenatureanddevelopmentoftheoverallsystem.Thedevelopmentofothersocialrelationsplaysadecisiverole.Generallyspeaking,thenatureofeconomicrelationsdeterminesthenatureoftheentiresocialrelationssystemandotherindividualsocialrelations.Inasocietywheretheexploitingclassoccupiesadominantposition,antagonisticsocialrelationsoccupyadominantposition,andthenatureofthesocialrelationshipsystemisantagonistic.Inasocialistsociety,non-antagonisticsocialrelationsamongthepeopleoccupyadominantposition,andthenatureofthesocialrelationshipsystemisnon-antagonistic.

Regardlessofindividualsocialrelationsorsocialrelationssystems,theyareallspecificandhistoricalandevolvewithchangesinhistoricalconditions.Thelawofitsevolutionisroughlyasfollows:thedevelopmentofproductiveforcesdirectlyleadstochangesinmaterialrelations,whichinturnrequiresvariousideologicalrelationstochangeaccordingly,leadingtofundamentalchangesinthesystemofsocialrelations.Humanhistoryhasundergonemanyqualitativechangesinthesystemofsocialrelations.Thisistheevolutionfromaprimitivenon-antagonisticsystemtoanantagonisticsystem,thatis,fromaprimitivesocietytoaslavesociety,afeudalsociety,andacapitalistsociety.Sincethe20thcentury,Andsuccessivelyevolvedintoanon-confrontationalsocialistsysteminsomecountries.

RelationshipDilemma

Inthestudyofsocialrelations,payingattentiontothedilemmaencounteredbysocialrelationsisanewproposition.TangZhenfirstrevealedtheessenceofthisissuein"AcceptanceandChoice".Hebelievesthatsocialrelationshipistherelationshipbetweentwohigh-levelactivenatures.Inviewoftheultimateeffectofthisrelationshipontheindividual,itquicklyentersthetoprowoftheindividual'sorientationqueueandbecomesthefirstorientationwhentheindividualchoosestheobject.Oneendoftheindividual’ssocialrelationship—anotherindividual,becausehedevelopedfromhisformerobjectrelationshipandisthehighestobjectinhiscurrentworldofobjects,soIassociatewithit,thatis,withThemostadvancedobjectinteraction,theresultofthisinteractionisthebestresultinmyobjectrelationship.

Becauseofthistendency,theindividual'schoiceappearstobeleapsandbounds-heoftenhopestoskiptheobjectrelationshipwiththeprimitivenatureandthehumannature,anddirectlyestablishtheobjectrelationshipwithothers.Accordingtothehistoryoftherelationshipbetweentheindividualandtheobject,thedevelopmentoftheindividualcomesfromthetransformationoftheobjectandthehistoryoftherelationshipbetweentheobject,andtheindividualgrowsupwiththeevolutionoftheobject.Inotherwords,whenthesubjectisstagnant,therelationshipbetweenthesubjectisalsostagnant;whenonepartyhasnotexperiencedtheacceptanceprocessoftheprevioussubject,therelationshipbetweensuchanindividualandtheotherisnot"righttoeachother."Theyareinthehistoryofobjectivity.Thereisagapbetweenthetwo,anditispossiblethattherewillbeinterdependencebetweenthem.Onlytwoindividualswhohaveexperiencedaconsiderablelevelofobjectrelationshipatthesametimecanhaveareciprocalrelationshipthatcanadvanceanddevelopwitheachother.TherelationshipbetweenindividualsformedintheabsenceofthepreviousobjectisonlyforbothpartiesInhibit,andthuslackthedevelopmentmechanism.Thisisthedilemmaencounteredintheevolutionofhumansocialrelations.

Theobjectrelationshipofanindividualispreciselybecauseitisanobjectrelationship,andanobject—whetheritcanbeformedintoanobject—isanimportantprerequisiteforanindividualtoestablishanobjectrelationship.Sincetheindividualastheobjectcomesfromprimitivenatureandhumanizednatureinapuresense,youdon’tknowhispreviousprimitivenatureandhumanizednature,andyoudon’tknowwhatheislike.HisattributesasanobjectarealsoaUnknown.Therefore,establishinganobjectrelationshipwiththehighestactivenatureisonlyapotentialorientationoftheindividual.Totransformthepotentialorientationintotheactualorientation,theindividualmustgothroughacomplicatedgradualprocess.Thatistosay,hemustfirstcompletethetransformationoftherelationshipwiththeoriginalnature,sothathisownoriginalnaturewillbeenriched,sothattheoriginalorientationwillnotappearconfused,flusteredorevensavagebecauseofbeinginastateofemptiness;secondly,hemustcompleteandhumanizeThetransformationoftherelationshipbetweennature,hediscoveredthathumanizednature,experiencedhumanizednature,andusedhumanizednature.Intheprocessoftransformingwithhumanizednature,hegraspedthecondensationofhumanbeingsinhumanizednature,whichhasbeenconfirmedbyhumanpractice.Hisavant-gardeideologyhasmasteredthebesttoolsleadingtonatureandthebestcivilizationachievementsofmankind.Throughthistransformation,heisalreadyanindividualwhohasbrokenawayfromthelow-levelnaturalstate,andisahigh-levelactivenaturalobjectthatcombinestheprimitivenatureandthehumanizednature.Onlyatthistimecanhetrulyestablishobjectrelationshipsbetweenpeople,thatis,socialrelationshipswithotherindividuals.Ifthesetransformationscannotbeexperienced,therewillbehugedifferencesbetweenindividuals:oneisanimmaturenaturalobjectthathasnotyetpossessedinitiative,andtheotherisamatureandactivehigh-levelnature.TheresultoftheinteractionbetweenthetwoisItisinevitablethatonepartyisanundevelopedperson,andtheotherpartyisamatureperson.Theresultisthatonepartybecomesanappendageoftheother.Thedevelopmentoftheindividualeitherchangesinhumannatureorstagnates.

Thismeansthatthegrowthoftheindividual’sownhumannatureispossibleandnormalduringthegradualandupwarddevelopmentoftheobjectrelationship;whiletheobjectrelationshipbeyondthedevelopmentstageoftheobjectIntheobtainedsocialinteraction,therelationshipbetweenindividualsmaybedistortedandinhuman.However,drivenbytheprinciplethat“themoreadvancedtheobjectfacedbytheindividual,thegreateritseffectontheindividual”,manyindividuals“gostraighttothesubject”whenselectingobjects—theyhopeLeavingasidelow-levelobjects,directlyestablisharelationshipwithactivenature.Becauseofthis,sincetheindividualhimselfhasnotdevelopedandaccumulatedintheformerobjectrelationship,therelationshiphehasestablishedwiththisactivenaturepullstheleveloftheobjectrelationshipbacktoalowerlevel.Inthisway,thedevelopmentofthisobjectrelationship—socialrelationship—isslow.

Relationshipdivision

Sociologydistinguishesthetypesofsocialrelationsfrommanyangles:①Themainbodyofsocialrelationsisdividedinto:therelationshipbetweentheindividualandtheindividual,whichistheentiresocialrelationshipThestartingpointisthesimplestandmostbasicrelationshipinsociety;therelationshipbetweenindividualsandgroups,suchastherelationshipbetweenanemployeeandacompany;therelationshipbetweengroupsandgroups,whichmoreconcentratedlyreflectthebasictendencyofsocialrelations;betweensocialphenomenaThisisahigh-level,large-scalesocialrelationship,suchastherelationshipbetweenunemploymentandcrime.②Fromtheexistingformofsocialrelations,itcanbedividedintostaticrelationsanddynamicrelations.Theformerreferstotheconstitutionalmodeofsocialrelations,alsoknownassocialstructure,suchasfamilystructure,classstructure,andoccupationalstructure.Thelatterreferstotheinteractionmodeofsocialrelations,alsoknownassocialinteraction,themainformsare:suggestion,imitation,adaptation,assimilation,exchange,cooperation,competition,conflict,coercion,etc.③Fromtheclosedegreeofcommunication,itcanbedividedintoprimaryrelationshipandsecondaryrelationship,alsoknownasprimaryrelationshipandsecondaryrelationship.Theformerreferstosocialrelationshipsbasedonfeelings,anditreflectsextensive,in-depth,anddirectcommunicationbetweenpeople,suchashusbandandwiferelationships,friendshiprelationships,andsoon.Thelatterisonthecontrary,itisasocialrelationshipbasedonfate,suchaspeerrelationship,superior-subordinaterelationshipandsoon.④Accordingtothenatureofcontradictionsinsocialrelations,itcanbedividedintoantagonisticrelationsandnon-antagonisticrelations.Theformerreferstothefactthatthefundamentalinterestsofthetwopartiesareinconsistentandthedevelopmentdirectioniscompletelyopposite,suchastherelationshipbetweenexploitationandexploitation.Thelatterreferstothefactthatthefundamentalinterestsofbothpartiesarethesameandthedevelopmentdirectionisroughlythesame,butthereareinconsistenciesinthepartialandimmediateinterests,suchastherelationshipbetweenmembersofthesameclass.⑤Fromthedirectionandchoiceofsocialinteraction,itcanbedividedintoverticalandhorizontalrelationships.Therelationshipbetweentheemperor,minister,father,son,andhusbandandwifeinancientChinesesocietywasmainlyvertical,whileinmodernsociety,therelationshipbetweenhusbandandwifeandbrothersandyoungerbrotherswasmainlyhorizontal.Chinesetraditionalsocialvalues​​emphasizeverticalrelationshipsanddespisehorizontalrelationships.⑥Fromthedegreeofstandardizationofsocialrelations,itcanbedividedintoformalrelationsandinformalrelations.Theformerreferstorelationshipsthathavebeeninstitutionalized,relativelystable,havecertainprocedures,andaresubjecttocertainprinciples,suchaslegalrelationships.Thelatterreferstorelationshipsthatarenotinstitutionalized,havenofixedpatterns,andarenotsubjecttoprinciples,suchasloverelationshipsandfriendrelationships.⑦Basedontheestablishmentofsocialrelations,itcanbedividedintobloodrelations,geographicalrelationsandkarmicrelations.Inthisregard,sociologyhasdonemorein-depthresearch.

Bloodrelationship

Socialrelationshipformedonthebasisofbloodrelationshiporphysicalconnection.Itistheearliestsocialrelationshipformedbymankind,andthedevelopmentofsocietycontinuestogiveitnewcontent.Throughoutthedifferentstagesofhistoricaldevelopment,thesocialgroupsconnectedbybloodrelationshipare:race,clan,clan,family,family,etc.Indifferenterasanddifferentsocialsystems,thecloseness,status,androleofbloodtiesaredifferent.Inprimitivesociety,bloodrelationshipisanimportantfoundationofsocialorganization.Inslaveandfeudalsociety,bloodrelationshipisanimportantsignofdistinguishingsocialclass.Sincemoderntimes,thestatusandroleofbloodrelationshiphasdeclined.InChina,bloodrelationsthatstillplayamoreimportantroleinclude:①Marriagerelations.Itiscomposedoftwofactors:natureandsociety.Naturalfactorsrefertopeople'spursuitoftheoppositesexafterenteringadolescence,andsocialfactorsrefertotheconstraintsofsocialnormsintherelationshipbetweenthesexes.Marriagerelationshipisalegallyeffectiverelationshipofrightsandobligationsbetweenthetwosexes.Itisanindividualcommunicationbetweenthetwosexes,whichisexclusive.②Familyrelationshipistheproductofsocialdevelopmenttoacertainstage.Theformationofamonogamousfamilyrelationshipmarkedthebeginningofacivilizedera.③Kinship.Mainlyreferstonon-directbloodrelationship,suchasaunt-nephewrelationship,uncle-nephewrelationship,uncle-nephewrelationship,aunt-nephewrelationship,cousinrelationship,cousinrelationship,yue-in-lawrelationship,husband-wife-brotherrelationship,wife-sisterrelationship,etc.Thepositivefunctionofbloodrelationshipistoconnectthesocietyandthegrouptoenhancecohesion,whilethenegativefunctionistoputpeopleinapassiveposition.

Geographicalrelationship

Socialrelationshipbaseddirectlyontherelationshipbetweenpeople’sspaceandgeographiclocation.Itisoneoftheearliestsocialrelationsproducedbymankind.Relativelystableandstronggeographicrelationswereformedafterhumanbeingstooktheformofsettlement.Intheearlydaysofprimitivesociety,peoplemadealivingbypickingfruitsandhunting.Whenresourcesinoneplacewereexhausted,theymovedtoanotherplace.Thegeographicalrelationshipofthesocietywasunchanging.Inthemiddleandlatestagesofprimitivesociety,withtheemergenceofplantingandanimalhusbandry,therelationshipbetweenhumanspaceandgeographicallocationhasbecomemorestable,andarelativelystronggeographicrelationshiphasformedbetweenpeople.Aftertheformationofstronggeographicrelations,itcontinuedtoexpand,fromtheoriginalvillagetothecountry,andevenalliancesorinternationalorganizationsthattranscendednationalboundariesappeared.Geographicalrelationshipcanbedividedintotwotypes:closedtypeandopentype.ClosedgeographicrelationsaresocialrelationsbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.Atthattime,thesocialdivisionoflaborwasnotdeveloped,peoplewereconfinedtoarelativelysmallarea,andmanypeoplelivedonlyinacertainvillageortownthroughouttheirlives.OpengeographicrelationsrefertosocialrelationsaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Thedevelopmentoflarge-scalemachineproductionhasfreedpeoplefromtheshacklesofsmall-scaleproduction,thedevelopmentofcitieshasfreedmanypeoplefromtheshacklesofland,andthedevelopmentofmodernvehicleshasmadeitpossibleforpeopletomovefarandfast.Inanopengeographicrelationship,people'sresidencesandoccupationsareonlyrelativelystable,andregionalpopulationmovementswillcontinuetoformnewgeographicrelationships.Themainfunctionsofgeographicrelationsareasfollows:(1)Itcanmaintainsocialstability,andrelativelystablegeographicrelationscanguaranteethenormalorderofpeople'sproductionandlife;(2)Itmayconstrainpeopleinanarrowrangeandrestrictpeople'sdevelopment.

Industryrelationship

Socialrelationshipformedonthebasisofpeople'sextensivesocialdivisionoflabor.Itisdevelopedonthebasisofbloodrelationshipandgeographicalrelationship.Inprimitivesociety,theinitialdivisionoflaborwasbasedonphysiologicaldifferencessuchasgenderandage,andtheywerenotyetstrictlykarmarelations.Thetrulyindependentkarmicrelationsestablishedonthebasisofthebroadsocialdivisionoflaborareformedanddevelopedwiththeemergenceofclasses.Inmodernsociety,thestatusofkarmicrelationshasbecomeincreasinglyimportant,anditscharacteristicshavealsoundergonemajorchanges.Comparedwiththepre-industrialsociety,thestructureofindustrialrelationsinmodernsocietyiscomplex,andthedivisionoflaborsystemishuge,fromtheprimaryandinformalrelationsinthepasttosecondaryrelationsandformalrelations.Thechangeofkarmicrelationshasalsochangedfromslowtorapid.Thepositivefunctionofkarmarelationshipisanimportantfoundationforthedevelopmentofhumansociety;thenegativefunctionmayrestrictpeople'sdevelopment.Inasocietybasedonthesystemofexploitation,thedivisionoflaborputstheexploitersinafavorablepositiontoengageingovernanceandmanagementactivities,whiletheexploitedareinadisadvantagedposition.Inthisway,thekarmasystemplaysaroleinsafeguardingtheexploitationsystem.Incountriesthathaveeliminatedtheexploitationsystem,karmicrelationsnolongerhavethemeaningofdominationandexploitation,butthephenomenonofkarmicrelationsandtheoccupationsystemrestrictingpeople'sdevelopmentstillexistsinacertainsense.

Relatedrelations

1.Interpersonalrelationshipbelongstosocialrelationship

Interpersonalrelationshipisakindofpsychologicalrelationship,andsocialrelationshipisthegeneraltermforthemutualrelationshipformedbypeopleintheprocessofcommonmaterialandspiritualactivities,thatis,betweenpeopleAllrelationships.Interpersonalrelationshipandsocialrelationshiparetwodifferentlevelsofconceptsandshouldnotbeconfused.Asasocialrelationshipbetweenroles,interpersonalrelationshipisthesameasanyothersocialrelationship.Itisnotonlyrestrictedbyproductionrelations,butalsoaffectedbyothersocialrelations.Therefore,interpersonalrelationshipsshouldbeexaminedinsocialrelationships.

Atthesametime,itshouldbenotedthatinterpersonalrelationshipistherealphenomenonofsocialrelationship.Ifasingleplaneofthesocialrelationshipsystemisintercepted,whatisrevealedinthis"crosssection"ofeconomic,political,legal,moral,religious,andvariousothersocialrelationshipsisinterpersonalrelationships.Becausevariousotherspecificsocialrelationshipsarealwaysmanifestedthroughvariousspecificinterpersonalrelationships.Interpersonalrelationshipsarenotseparatedfromothersocialrelationships,butarisefromvarioussocialrelationships.Interpersonalrelationsandobjectivesocialrelationsareproducedatthesametime.Interpersonalrelationshipsareaffectedbytheconstraintsofsocialrelationshipsfromtheverybeginning,andsocialrelationshipsexistininterpersonalrelationships.

2.Interpersonalrelationshipistheproductofsocialrelationship

First,anykindofinterpersonalrelationshipisalwaysproducedinacertainsocialrelationship.Forexample,therelationshipbetweenhusbandandwifeistheproductofthemarriagerelationship;therelationshipbetweentheprisonerandthejudgeistheproductofthelegalrelationship.

Second,thefundamentalnatureofinterpersonalrelationsisdeterminedbythenatureofsocialproductionrelationsofthesocialform.

Thirdly,changesininterpersonalrelationshipsaredeterminedbychangesinsocialrelationships.

Fourth,thecomplexityofpersonalrelationshipsisalsodeterminedbythecomplexityofsocialrelationships.