Relay circuit

Relaycircuit

Relaycircuitisanewpublicdataexchangenetworkcommunicationprotocolthatemergedin1992.develop.Relayisaneffectivedatatransmissiontechnologythatcantransmitdigitalinformationquicklyandinexpensivelyinone-to-oneorone-to-manyapplications.Itcanbeusedforvoiceanddatacommunication,andcanbeusedforlocalareanetwork(LAN)orwideareanetwork(WAN)communication.Eachframerelayuserwillgetadedicatedlineconnectedtotheframerelaynode.Forendusers,aframerelaynetworkhandlesdatatransmissionwithotherusersthroughachannelthatchangesfrequentlyandisinvisibletousers.

Mainfeatures:Userinformationistransmittedinunitsofframes.Thenetworkcheckstheframestructureandtransmissionerrorsduringthetransmissionprocess,anddirectlydiscardstheerrorframes.Atthesametime,throughtheframeTheidentificationofthemiddleaddresssegmentDLCIrealizesthestatisticalmultiplexingofuserinformation.

FrameRelayisapacket-switchedcommunicationnetwork,whichisgenerallyusedintheDataLinkLayerintheOpenSystemInterconnectionReferenceModel.PermanentvirtualcircuitPVCisusedonphysicalnetworkswitchedvirtualcircuits(SVCs)toformanend-to-endlogicallink,whichissimilartocircuitswitchinginthepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork,andisalsopartofthedescriptionofframerelay,buttherearefewUseinpractice.Inaddition,framerelaywasoriginallydesignedforthecompactformatversionoftheX.25protocol.

ThedatalinkconnectionidentifierDLCIisanumericalvaluewithlocalmeaningusedtoidentifyeachendpoint.MultiplePVCscanbeconnectedtothesamephysicalterminal.PVCsgenerallyspecifythecommittedinformationrateCIRandtheadditionalinformationrateEIR.

FrameRelayisdesignedtomakemoreeffectiveuseofexistingphysicalresources.Sincemostcustomerscannotusedataservices100%,itallowscustomerstoprovidemorethansupplytotelecomoperators.Dataservices.Itispreciselybecausetelecomoperatorshavebookedtoomuchbandwidth,whichhascausedframerelaytogainabadreputationinsomemarkets.

Telecomcompanieshavebeensellingframerelayservicestocustomerswhoarelookingforcheaperthandedicatedlines.Accordingtothepoliciesofthegovernmentandtelecommunicationscompanies,itisusedinvariousapplicationareas.

FramerelayisgraduallybeingreplacedbyATM,IPandotherprotocols(includingIPvirtualprivatenetwork).

Trunkcircuitgroup

Thetrunkcircuitgroupisalsocalledthetrunkgroup.Thetrunkgroupisthesamecircuitattribute(channelTransmissioncharacteristics,relaysignalingtype,etc.)asetofcircuitsagreedupon.OnetrunkgroupinZTEZXJ10switchislimitedtooneswitchmodule.Thetrunkgroupsinaswitchmodulearenumbereduniformly,andthenumbercanreach255.Thetrunkgroupsofdifferentswitchmodulesarenumberedindependentlyofeachother.Thisisdonetofacilitaterelaying.Groupmanagement,andatthesametimebecauseoftheuseofrouting,ensurestheflexibilityoftrunkcircuitmanagement,andrealizesunifiedtrunkcircuitloadsharing.

Qsignalingrelaycircuitfaultsandtreatmentmeasures

Qsignalingrelaycircuitfaulttypes

1.Therelaycircuitboardisdamaged

Qsignalingelectricalrelaycircuitfailure,theswitchwillgeneratealarminformation,therelaycircuitboardpanelindicatorcorrespondingtothecorrespondingfailurestatus.Themainmanifestationsofthefailureofthetrunkcircuitboardoftheswitchareasfollows:thelocalandoppositeswitchesgenerateatrunkcircuitinterruptionalarmmessage;theuserdialstheoutgoingnumberandoccupiesthetrunkcircuitandlistenstothebusytone;thecalledpartycannotbereceivedandsentnormallyNumber;can'tcallnormally.

2.Faultsonthedigitaldistributionframe

Thedigitaldistributionframeoftenhas2Mcableheadswithfalseweldingandpoorcontact,whichcausestherelaycircuittobeinterrupted,anderrorortimeisgenerated.Faultssuchasonandoff.

3.Transmissioncircuitfailure

Thetransmissioncircuitfailuremainlycausesinterruptionoftherelaycircuit,alarminformation,anderrorcode.

4.Failurescausedbytheconfigurationofdatarelatedtothetrunkcircuit

ThefailureoftheQsignalingtrunkcircuitcausedbythedataconfigurationgenerallyoccursduringtheinitialcommissioningoftheswitchortheswitch'snewopeningdirectionWhenthedataoftheQsignalingrelaycircuitisnotsetcorrectly,themainfailuresymptomsare:Dsignalingchannelisnotactivated,andtherelaycircuitcannotcompletethecallconnectionnormally.

Faulthandling

1.Faulthandlingprinciples

Analyzefirstandthendealwith,firstoutsideandtheninside,firstnearandthenfar.First,analyzefirstandthenprocess.Tofindafault,firstcheckthefaultalarminformationthroughthemaintenanceterminal,analyzethefaultalarminformationandthefaultphenomenonindetail,andmakeapreliminaryjudgmentonthecauseofthefault.Second,firstoutsideandtheninside.Ifthetrunkcircuitoftheswitchfails,firstcheckthestatusoftheindicatoronthepaneloftherelaycircuitboard,andjudgewhetheritisthefailureofthelocalswitchortheremoteswitchorthetransmissioncircuitaccordingtothestatusoftheindicator.Third,nearfirstandthenfaraway.Iftherelaycircuitfails,youshouldfirstusetheself-loopmethodtocheckwhetherthelocalswitchingequipmentisfaulty,andthencontactthelocaltransmissionpersonneltocheckwhetherthedigitaldistributionframeand2Mcablearefaultythroughthetransmissionequipmentself-loop,andfinallycontactthepeercommunicationmaintenanceThepersonnelcheckwhetherthetransmissionequipmentandtheswitchingequipmentaremalfunctioning.

2.Faulthandlingmethod

Qsignalingrelaycircuithardwarefaulthandlingoftenadoptsself-loop,step-by-stepeliminationandreplacementmethodsforfaultlocation.Self-loopincludeshardwareself-loopandsoftwareself-loop.Self-loopmodesincludelocalself-loopandremoteloopback.Thelocalloopisusedtojudgewhetherthe2Mtrunkcircuitofthelocalswitchisnormal,andtheremoteloopbackismainlyusedtojudgewhetherthetransmissionchannelisnormal.Thealternativemethodistoreplacetherunningcircuitboardwithasparerelaycircuitboardtodeterminewhethertherelaycircuitisfaulty.Generally,thealternativemethodisusedwhentheself-loopmethodcannoteliminatethefault.

3.Troubleshootingsteps

First,checkthealarmindicatorontheDTUpanel.Whentherelaycircuitfails,youshouldfirstcheckthestatusoftheindicatorlightontheDTUpanel.Accordingtothestatusoftheindicatorlight,analyze,judgeandlocatethefault.

Secondly,checktheoperationstatusoftherelaycircuitandDchannelthroughthecircuitdiagnosisprogram,analyze,judgeandlocatethefaultpoint.QWhenthesignalingrelaycircuitisoperatingnormally,thesignalingtransmissionchannel(16timeslots)isCircuitisbusy,thevoicecircuit(1-15,17-31)isCircuitisidleorCircuitisbusy,andthesynchronousinformationtransmissionchannel(32Timeslot)isCircuitisbusy.Whenafaultoccurs,thecircuitstatusisdisplayedasCircuitisoutofservice.

Third,checkthedatasettingsoftheQsignalingrelaycircuit.BecausetheQsignalingrelaycircuitadoptsthenetwork-userinterface,theswitchatoneendmustbesetasthenetworkend,andtheswitchattheotherendmustbesetastheuserend.Thatis,whendefiningthecircuitboardtable,oneendoftheLayer2destinationtype(MASTERorSLAVE)...?isdefinedasMASTER,andtheotherendmustbedefinedasSLAVE.

Fourth,adopttheself-loopmethodtochecktherelayboardandtransmissioncircuitfailuresinturnuntilthefailureiseliminatedandthecircuitresumesnormaloperation.

Precautionsfortroubleshooting

Firstly,wearananti-staticwristwhenunpluggingorinsertingtherelaycircuitboardtopreventthestaticelectricityofthehumanbodyfromdamagingthecircuitboard.Thesecondistopreventunpluggingandaccidentallytouchingother2Mcircuitterminalswhenoperatingonthedigitaldistributionframe,causingunnecessarybusinessinterruption.