Population law

Introduction

Thelawofpopulationistheinevitabletrendofthechangesanddevelopmentofvariouspopulationphenomenaandelementsintheprocessofpopulationdevelopment.Itisapopulationlawsystemincludingthelawofpopulationreproduction,thelawofpopulationmigration,andthelawofpopulationeconomics,whichobjectivelyreflectsandrestrictstheoccurrenceanddevelopmentofthepopulationprocessfromdifferentaspects.Asabiologicalgroup,thepopulationhasthelifeprocessofbirth,growth,aging,anddeath,andhasallthephysiologicalfunctionsofitsowninheritanceandmutation.Thepopulationprocessisdeeplyrestrictedbythelawsofnature;duetotheessentialdifferencebetweenhumansandotherorganisms,thelawofpopulationisasociallaw,andthepopulationisthemainbodyofsocialandeconomiclife.Adapttothelevelofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Thepopulationlawcanbedividedintothecommonpopulationlawapplicabletoallsocialformsorseveralsocialforms,andtheuniquedemographiclawthatonlyreflectsthepopulationprocessofaspecificsocialform.Thepeculiardemographiclawisaspecialformoftheexistence,manifestationandfunctionofthecommondemographiclawinaspecificsocialform.Itarises,dies,anddisappearswiththeemergenceofacertainsocialproductionmode.Understandingtheexistenceofthepopulationlawandfullyunderstandingitsperformanceandmodeofactionundercertainsocialdevelopmentconditionsareofgreatsignificancetocorrectlyanalyzingthecurrentpopulationsituation,predictingthefutureofthepopulation,andformulatingpopulationpolicies.

Content

Thelawsare:thelawofpopulationreproductionthatrestrictsnaturalpopulationchanges;thelawofpopulationchangesbetweenregionsthatrestrictthemechanicalchangesofpopulation;thelawofpopulationchangesinurbanandruralareasandpopulationDistributionlaw;thelawofpopulationchangesamongvarioussectorsthatrestrictthesocialchangesofthepopulation,andthelawofchangesinthecompositionofpopulationoccupations,etc.

Classification

Theessentialrelationshipbetweenthepopulationdevelopmentprocess,populationdevelopmentandsocialeconomicdevelopment.Thelawofpopulationisdeterminedbythemodeofsocialproduction.Therearedemographiclawsthatreflectpopulationreproduction,thatis,theinherentself-movementofhumanproduction,anddemographiclawsthatreflecttheessentialconnectionbetweenpopulationandsocial,economic,andenvironmentalphenomena.Othersbelievethatonlytheformeristhelawofpopulation,andthelatterisnotthelawofpopulationbutbelongstothelawofeconomicsorotherlaws.

Itcanalsobesummarizedintotwocategories:

Uniquedemographiclaw

①Uniquedemographiclaw.Reflectsthedemographicphenomenonexistinginaparticularsocialformandtheessentialconnectionbetweenitandthesocio-economicphenomenon.Ittakeseffectwiththeemergenceofacertainsocialproductionmode,andalsowithdrawsfromthehistoricalstagewiththedemiseofthesocialproductionmode.Adaptedtotheproductionmethodsofeachspecificsociety,therearethepopulationlawsofprimitivesociety,slavesociety,feudalsociety,capitalistsocietyandsocialistsociety.

Thelawofsharedpopulation

②Thelawofsharedpopulation.Reflectedinallsocialformationsorseveralsocialformations,populationphenomenaandcertaincommonessentialconnectionsbetweenthemandsocio-economicphenomena.Theadaptationofhumanproductiontotheproductionofmaterialmaterialsistheessentiallinkbetweenthetwotypesofproductionsharedbyallsocialforms,andisthecommonpopulationlawthatworksinallsocialforms.Underdifferentsocialforms,theforms,processesandconsequencesofitsactionaredifferent,whicharedeterminedbythelevelofproductivityandthenatureofproductionrelationsofeachspecialsocialform.

System

Avarietyofpopulationlawsthatreflecttheessentialrelationshipbetweenpopulationphenomenaandsocialeconomicphenomenafromdifferentsidesconstituteapopulationlawsystem.Therearemainlythelawofpopulationreproduction,thelawofpopulationeconomy,thelawofpopulationsocietyandthelawofpopulationchanges.

Thelawofpopulationreproduction

Thelawthatreflectstheessentialconnectionofthefactorsintheprocessofpopulationproliferationandtheinevitabletrendofthespeedandscaleofpopulationproliferation.Differentsocialproductionmethodshavetheirownuniquelawsofpopulationreproduction.Inprimitivesociety,populationreproductionwaslargelyrestrictedbythelawsofbiology.Womenstartgivingbirthveryearly,thebirthrateishigh,andthedeathrateisalsohigh.Thebirthratecanonlycompensateorbeslightlyhigherthanthedeathrate.Intheslavesociety,productivityhasincreased,thedeathratefromhungerhasdecreased,andthescaleofpopulationreproductionhasslightlyexpanded.Thebirthrateanddeathrateofdifferentclassesareverydifferent.Slavesarethepropertyofslaveowners.Theydon'tcareaboutthefruitsoftheirlaborandthecontinuationoflabor.Thebirthrateislowerthanthatofotherclasses.Heavylabormakesthedeathrateofslavesthehighest.Thenaturalreproductionoftheslavepopulationissometimesinastateofshrinking.Infeudalsociety,undertheconditionsofmanuallaborwheretheincreaseinproductionwasmainlydependentontheincreaseoflabor,farmersassmallprivateownerswereconcernedaboutthecontinuationoflaborandinevitablytendedtohavemorefertility.Thefeudalmastersalsoencouragedmoreeducationforrentcollection,taxation,andtaxation.However,duetolowlaborproductivityandexcessivefeudalexploitation,populationreproductioninfeudalsocietyshowedatrendofhighbirths,highdeaths,andlownaturalpopulationgrowth.Intheearlystageofcapitalistsociety,theorganiccompositionofcapitalchangedslowly.Expandedreproductionreliedontheincreaseoflaborforce,andpopulationgrowthacceleratedwiththeaccelerationofcapitalaccumulation.Sincethen,themachineindustryhascontinuouslyimprovedtheorganiccompositionofcapital,thedemandforlaborquantitybycapitalisrelativelyreduced,thedemandforlaborqualityhasincreaseddaybyday,thepopulationgrowthratehassloweddown,andithasgraduallytendedtoswingaroundthehorizontallineofsimplepopulationreproduction.Inasocialistsociety,populationreproductiontendstobelowbirths,lowdeaths,andlownaturalpopulationgrowth.Thisisbecausethedevelopmentoflarge-scaleproductioninasocialistsocietybasedonmodernscienceandtechnologydoesnotrequireamassiveincreaseinthenumberoflaborers,butacontinuousimprovementinthequalityoflabor.Thementalandphysicalaspectshavebeenfullydeveloped;thesocialistsocietycanreducethemortalityratetothelowestlimitthatcanbeachievedbythedevelopmentofmedicine,andthelowmortalityratemustbecompensatedbythelowbirthrate.

Plannedpopulationdevelopmentisauniquelawofpopulationreproductioninasocialistsociety.Thepremiseofthislawis:①Highlydevelopedscienceandtechnologyandmedicine.Onthebasisofunderstandingthephysiologicallawsoffertility,peoplecanconsciouslyregulatefertilityinaccordancewithscientificmethods.②Socialistpublicownershipofthemeansofproduction.Itdeterminestheinevitabilitythatitispossibletoimplementplannedadjustmentstotheproliferationofthepopulationwithinthescopeofthewholesociety.Theanarchyofpopulationdevelopmentisthecommonlawofpopulationreproductionexistinginthesocialformsbeforesocialistsociety.

Thelawsofpopulationeconomy

Including:thelawsofhumanproductionandtheproductionofmaterialmaterials,thelawsoflaboruse,thelawsoftheeconomiccompositionofthepopulationandthelawsofpopulationdistribution,etc.(seePopulationEconomiclaw).

PopulationandSocialLaws

Reflecttheessentialconnectionbetweenvarioussocialfactorsandpopulationchanges.Suchasthelawofchangesinthesocialstructureofthepopulation,thelawoftheessentialconnectionbetweenmarriage,familyandthereproductionprocessofthepopulation,etc.

Thelawofpopulationchanges

Reflectthequantitativedependenceofvariousfactorsinpopulationreproductionandtheregularityoftheirchanges.Forexample,thesexratioofbabiesborninacertainperiod(oneyear)hasregularstability,roughlytheratioof100girlsto105boys,anditswingsupanddownhere.Thebirthrateisequaltothedeathrate,andthenaturalpopulationgrowthiszero,andastaticpopulationwillinevitablyappear.Thebirthrateanddeathrateremainstable,andthenaturalpopulationgrowthratewillalsoremainstable.Ifitcontinuesforalongtime,astablepopulationwillinevitablyappear.

Socialchaos

Fromahistoricalperspective,populationgrowthoftenhasasynchronousrelationshipwithsocialandeconomicdevelopment,whichseemstobeasignofeconomicdevelopment.Thesizeofthepopulationhasanextremelyprofoundandcloserelationshipwithsocialchaos.

Thecyclicaloutbreakofturmoilandchangeinhistorycanberegardedasanautomaticadjustmentmethodofhistoryforsocialeconomicrelationsandvarioussystems,aswellasanautomaticadjustmentmechanismforpopulationsizeandsocialresourceallocation.ThepopulationofChinahasreachedanunprecedentedpeakinhistory,andalargenumberofseveresocialproblemsfacingChinaareallrelatedtothehugepressureonthepopulation.

1.ThehighestpopulationinChina'sthousandsofyearsofhistoryisonly60million

TodayChinaistheworld'smostpopulouscountry.FromtheperspectiveofChina'spoliticalgeography,theQinandHandynastieshaveinitiallydeterminedthebasicoutlineofChina'sterritorytoday;butwhatissurprisingisthatthesizeofChina'spopulationtodayhasnotbeenformedsincethen.Inthehistoryofmorethan3,000yearsbetweenZhouandQinandMingandQingDynasties,China'spopulationhasfluctuatedbetweenonly10millionand60millionforalongtime.Inthemiddleofthe18thcentury,duringtheQianlongperiodoftheShengQingDynasty,thepopulationofChinasuddenlysoaredtomorethan100million.Inthenext200yearsorso,China’spopulationhassoaredbymorethan10times,reachinganastonishingscaleofnearly1.3billiontoday.

RecentlystudyingancientChinesehistory,investigatingtheriseandfallofthepopulationinChinesehistory,someimportantlawshavebeenobserved.Fromahistoricalpointofview,populationgrowthoftenhasasynchronousrelationshipwithsocialandeconomicdevelopment,whichseemstobeasignofeconomicdevelopment.Thesizeofthepopulationhasanextremelyprofoundandcloserelationshipwithsocialchaos.InChina'sthousandsofyearsofhistory,thisrhythmandcontexthasbeenrepeatedrepeatedly,showingthatthereareprofoundhistoricallawshiddenbehindit.

2.Thestatisticaldatainhistoricaldatarelatedtopopulationincreaseanddecreaseandsocialdisorderisincomplete,andthepopulationvalues​​ofindividualyearscanonlybespeculated.Butthebasicscaleprofileisreliable.

(1)BeforethemiddleoftheQingDynasty,thepopulationofChinahadaconstanthighpeak,namely50-60million.Theperiodsthatreachedthisscaleinhistoryare:thelateWesternHanDynasty,thelateEasternHanDynasty,theearlySuiDynasty,theTangDynasty,theYuanDynasty,theMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty.

(2)ThepeaksofthepopulationcurveinChinesehistoryareoftenaccompaniedbyapeakperiodofeconomicdevelopmentinthatera.Thepeakperiodthataccompaniesthepopulationisoftentheeveofamajortransitioninsocietyandhistory,andmajorchangesinsociety.Forexample,EmperorPingoftheWesternHanDynastywasatthepeakofthepopulation.EmperorHuanoftheEasternHanDynastywasthepeakofthepopulationandtheeveoftheoutbreakoftheYellowTurbanUprisingandthegreatupheavalinthelateHanDynasty.Inaddition,suchastheTaikangeraintheWesternJinDynasty,thegreatcauseoftheSuiDynasty,theKaiyuanandTianbaoeraintheprosperousTangDynasty,theGrandVieweraintheNorthernSongDynasty,andtheQianlongeraintheShengQingDynasty.

Therepeatedoccurrenceofhistoricalphenomenareflectstheexistenceofobjectivelaws.Fromahistoricalpointofview,inhistory,wheneverweareontheeveofturmoil,thepopulationofsocietywillincreasesharplyandreachapeak;andaftertheperiodofwarandchaos,thepopulationwillinevitablydecreasesharply.Therefore,thecyclicalmovementsofpopulationsurgesanddeclinesinhistoryarecloselyrelatedtothecyclicalchangesofsocio-economicandpoliticalprosperity,decline,andturmoil.

(3)Thebriefexplanationoftheaboverelationshipbetweenpopulationandeconomyis:undercertainproductionmethodsandtechnicalconditions,thepopulationsizethatasocialsystemcanloadseemstohaveaconstant(intheQingDynasty)Thepreviouslimitofthisconstantwas60millionpeople).Breakingthroughthisscaleandconstant,thedistributionofsocialresourceshasfallenintoimbalance(themostimportantsocialresourceinChinesehistoryisarableland).Thisimbalanceinthedistributionofimportantsocialresourceswilleventuallyleadtosocialchaos.

Therefore,inthissense,theperiodicoutbreakofturmoilandchangeinhistoryisinevitable.Thiskindofchaoscanberegardedasanautomaticadjustmentmethodofhistoryforsocialeconomicrelationsandvarioussystems,aswellasanautomaticadjustmentmechanismforthesizeofthepopulationandtheallocationofsocialresources.

Thelawofsocialistpopulation

Thesocialistmarketeconomymakesfulluseofthelawsofcapitalisteconomytorationallyuseandallocateresources.Itshouldbeapioneeringworkinthedevelopmentofsocialisminthehistoryofsocialism..Amongthelawsofthecapitalisteconomy,thelawsofcompetition,supplyanddemand,andpricesareconsistentwiththelawsofthesocialistmarketeconomy.However,inthesocialistmarket,thelawsofcompetition,supplyanddemand,andpricesarenotonlycenteredontheproductioncostandprofitcontribution,butalsocenteredonthecultivationofspiritualcivilizationonthemarketandthecorrectorientationofthemarket.Thereasonwhythesocialistmarketeconomyisdifferentfromthecapitalisteconomyisconcentratedinthedemographiclawsofthetwomarketeconomies.Thepopulationlawofthesocialistmarketeconomyistosolvetheso-calledrelativesurpluspopulationlawpeculiartothecapitalisteconomy.Reallysolvethephenomenonoflabor,productandmarketdisconnection,suchasthe"SanluMilkPowderPhenomenon"inthepreviousperiod,toacertainextent,hasexplainedthephenomenonoflabordisconnectionincounterfeitandinferiorproducts.Therelativelysurpluspopulationlawofthecapitalisteconomyshouldbesaidtobethesourceofevilinthecapitalistsociety,andalsothefirstofevil.Itisalsoanimportantpracticalreasonforustopursueandexplorethedevelopmentofanewsocietyintheendtostagnationanddecline.Weshouldhaveadeepunderstandingoftheevilsofcapitalistsociety,especiallyintheearlydaysofcapitalism,andinourtortuousexploration.Thepopulationlawofthesocialistmarketeconomy,bothintermsofinstitutionalfactorsandideologicalfactors,hasbeenabletosolvetherelativelysurpluspopulationlawpeculiartocapitalism.

Thedemographiclawofthesocialistmarketeconomyisamajorpracticalproblemintheoryandpracticethathasalreadybeenfacedintheprocessofcharacteristicsocialismandtheprocessofsocialistmarketeconomy.Itisnotonlythefundamentalmanifestationofthedifferencebetweenthesocialistmarketeconomyandthecapitalistmarketeconomyintheinitialstageofsocialism,butalsothefundamentalfeatureofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Itisasublationofthesocialevilsofthemarketeconomyinthedevelopmentofcapitalistsociety,anditisalsoasignthatsocialismintheprimarystagehastrulygraspedthebatonofhistoricaladvancementandhasbecomethemasterofsocialhistory.Itisalsoasignthatsocialhistorymovesfromtherealmofnecessitytotherealmoffreedom,andthemovementofsocietymovesfromself-containedmovementtoautonomousmovement.