Optical network card

Ethernet card

The optical fiber Ethernet card is mainly used in optical fiber Ethernet communication technology. The optical fiber network card can provide users with reliable optical fiber connection on the computer on the fast Ethernet network, and is especially suitable for connecting The place where the distance to the information point exceeds the access distance (100m) of the Category 5 line can completely replace the network structure of the RJ45 interface Ethernet external photoelectric converter, and provide users with reliable fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-desktop solutions. . The user can select the optical fiber interface parameters (including connector, single/multimode optical fiber, working distance, etc.) according to the use occasion.

General features:

RS-F8028　plug and play

and IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-SX / 1000Base-LX Ethernet standard compatible

100Mbps or 1000Mbps Ethernet fiber access,

PCI-X standard compatible

Support IEEE 802.3x flow control support IP unicast, broadcast, and multicast address filtering mechanism

Support priority queue, IEEE 802.1Q/VLAN tag, support IP multicast packet filtering, reduce CPU occupancy rate

With advanced Management capabilities

Network protocols and standards:

IEEE 802.3Z 1000Base-SX / 1000Base-LX Ethernet standard

IEEE 802.3x flow control protocol

IEEE 802.1q VLAN tagging

GVRP VLAN registration protocol

IEEE 802.1p priority control

ACPI 2.0 advanced configuration and power management interface< /p>

PCI-X standard

Operating wavelength and transmission distance of optical fiber port:

Single mode single fiber, 1310nm/1550nm, 20/40/60km

Single mode dual fiber, 850nm, 1310nm or 1550nm, 0.5/10/20/40/60/km

Driver:

Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ 98 SE /2000/ XPMicrosoft NT 3.51 / 4.0

Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11

Microsoft Windows CE NET 4.0 / 4.2Microsoft Client for DOS

NDIS 2/3/ 4/5 driver

ODI for DOS driver

32 bit ODI LAN driver

Working environment:

Storage temperature: -25℃ ~ 85℃ (-13~ 131°F)

Working temperature: 0℃~ 50℃ (32~ 122°F)

Relative humidity: 10% ~ 90% non-condensing

Power consumption: 2W

Brand

Intel　In Tel is an old brand. Many early desktops used Intel's entry-level network card product-lntel Pro/100VE. Before AMD and Intel formed a clear competitive relationship, this network card was very common in the market. Later, Intel launched Pro 10/100 and Pro 100/1000. The 8254X series, this series is an early Gigabit chip, the performance of the 7X series is worse, and it is still used in low-end Gigabit network card products.

Realtek　Realtek, which is called Realtek in Chinese, is a household name. Realtek Semiconductor was founded in 1987 and is located in the Hsinchu Science Park in the "Silicon Valley" of Taiwan. Its network card chips and sound card chips are widely used in desktop computers. With mature technology and low prices, it has become popular in the DIY market. The first choice for many motherboards with integrated network cards and sound cards. Especially the 8139D network card chip has an absolute advantage in the market. There are 8110S, 8110SB, and 8110SC for Gigabit chips, and 8169S, 8169SB and 8169SC for high-end ones. If your motherboard integrates a gigabit network card, you can look at the surface of the chip to determine which gigabit chip is from Realtek.

Broadcom　Broadcom, founded in 1991, is one of the world's largest fabless semiconductor companies, headquartered in Irvine, California, USA. In March 2008, Sunext Design, a supplier of optical drive technology, was acquired. NetLink 440X series, this series can be said to be the most competitive network card chip with Realtek 8139, and its market share is not small. Some brand machines and independent network cards use this chip. Its driver is very complete and supports most operating systems. . NetLink 57XX series, this series are all Gigabit chips, including 5781, 5786, 5787, 5788, 5789, and 57XX series chips can often be seen in Gigabit network cards on the market. Many of the gigabit network cards equipped with some laptops also use 57XX series chips. In terms of wired chips, Atheros has only two Gigabit products-AR8021 and AR8216. 8021 is a standard Gigabit network card chip with no features at all. 8216 adds support for 802.1p on the basis of 8021, joins the Qos system, and supports IPv6 and VLAN functions.　Each network card has a globally unique 12-bit address, which is also a MAC address.

Identification

Identify the true and false of the network card

The following is an introduction to the conditions that a high-quality network card should have:

( 1) Using spray-tin board

The circuit board of high-quality network card is generally spray-tin board, the board of the network card is white, and the inferior network card is yellow.

(2) Adopt high-quality main control chip

The main control chip is the most important part of the network card. It often determines the performance of the network card. Therefore, the high-quality network card uses The main control chip should be a mature product on the market. Many low-quality network cards on the market use older main control chips in order to reduce costs, which undoubtedly discounts the performance of the network cards.

(3) Most of the SMT chip components are used.

Except for electrolytic capacitors and high-voltage ceramic capacitors, most of the high-quality network cards are more reliable and stable than plug-ins. SMT chip components. Inferior network cards mostly use plug-ins, which makes the heat dissipation and stability of the network card not good enough.

(4) Titanium-plated gold fingers

The gold fingers of high-quality network cards are made of titanium-plated gold, which not only increases its own anti-interference ability, but also reduces the impact on other equipment. At the same time, the nodes of the golden fingers are designed in a circular arc shape. Inferior network cards mostly use non-titanium-plated gold, and the nodes are also turned at right angles, which affects the performance of signal transmission.

Factors to consider when purchasing a network card

Whether the network card can be correctly selected, connected and set up during assembly is often a prerequisite and necessary condition for the correct connection to the network. Generally speaking, the following factors should be considered when purchasing a network card:

Network type

The more popular ones are Ethernet, token ring network, FDDI network, etc., and the selection should be based on Select the corresponding network card based on the type of network.

Transmission rate

The transmission rate of the network card should be selected according to the bandwidth requirements of the server or workstation and combined with the maximum transmission rate that the physical transmission medium can provide. Taking Ethernet as an example, the selectable rates are 10Mbps, 10/100Mbps, 1000Mbps, and even 10Gbps, but the higher the rate, the more appropriate. For example, it would be a waste to configure a 1000M network card for a computer connected to a twisted pair cable with a transmission speed of only 100M, because it can only achieve a transmission rate of 100M at most.

Bus type

Servers and workstations usually use PCI, PCI-X or PCI-E bus intelligent network cards. PCs basically no longer support ISA connections, so when When buying a network card for your PC, don't buy an outdated ISA network card, but instead buy PCI, PCI-X and PCI-E network cards.

Interfaces supported by the server network card

The network card is ultimately connected to the network, so there must be an interface for the network cable to connect to other computer network equipment through it. Different network interfaces are suitable for different network types. Common interfaces mainly include Ethernet RJ-45 interface and LC, SC, FC optical fiber interface.

Price and brand

The price of network cards of different speeds and brands varies greatly.

Features

Plug and play and IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-SX / 1000Base-LX Ethernet standard compatible with 100Mbps or 1000Mbps Ethernet fiber access, can work In full/half duplex mode, it can provide 200Mbps or 2000Mbps bandwidth in full duplex mode. PCI-X standard compatible

support IEEE 802.3x flow control

support IP unicast, Broadcast and multicast address filtering mechanism

Support priority queue, IEEE 802.1Q/VLAN tagging

Support IP multicast packet filtering, reduce CPU occupancy rate

Advanced management capabilities

Optical Ethernet card network protocol and standard IEEE 802.3Z 1000Base-SX / 1000Base-LX Ethernet standard

IEEE 802.3x flow control protocol

IEEE 802.1q VLAN tagging

GVRP VLAN registration protocol

IEEE 802.1p priority control

ACPI 2.0 advanced configuration and power management interface

PCI-X standard

Gigabit network card

1000Mbps optical fiber network card, also known as Gigabit Ethernet optical fiber network card, is a 1000Mbps Ethernet optical fiber network card with a maximum transmission rate The speed can reach 1000Mbps. It can only provide a fixed transmission speed, and cannot realize 10/100/1000M self-adaption. Gigabit Ethernet network cards are mostly used in servers to provide high-speed connections between servers and switches and improve the response speed of the network backbone system.

With the widespread popularity of optical fiber networks, gigabit desktop optical fiber network cards have also been widely used in the optical fiber to the desktop market. For example, Macnet7210PF and Macnet9210PF are desktop optical network cards. The former is a 32bit PCI interface and the latter is a PCI-e X1 interface, allowing users to provide reliable Gigabit fiber connections. Build an all-fiber-to-the-desktop (FTTD) network.

Classification

PCI

PCI This type of bus type network card is quite common on current desktop computers, and it is also the most mainstream type of network card interface at present. Because its I/O speed is much faster than the ISA bus type network card (ISA is only 33MB/s, and the current PCI 2.2 standard 32-bit PCI interface data transmission speed is up to 133MB/s), so in this The bus technology soon replaced the old ISA bus. It preliminarily judges the working status of the network card through the colors of the two indicator lights that the network card carries. The network cards that can be bought on the market are basically those of this bus type. General PCs and servers also provide several PCI bus slots, which can basically meet common PCI adapters (including graphics cards, sound cards, etc., Different products use different numbers of gold fingers) to install. There are three mainstream PCI specifications: PCI2.0, PCI2.1 and PCI2.2. The appearance of the 32-bit PCI network card used on the PC is basically the same (the PCI slot on the motherboard is also the same). The appearance of the 64-bit PCI network card used in the server is quite different from that of the 32-bit one, which is mainly reflected in the longer length of the gold finger.

PCI-X

PCI-X is currently the latest type of network card used in servers. Compared with the original PCI, it has improved I/O speed Double, faster data transfer speed than PCI interface (version 2.0 can reach a transfer rate of up to 266MB/s). This kind of bus type network card is still rare in the market, and it is mainly provided by the server manufacturer randomly and exclusively. For example, it can be seen in IBM's X series servers. The PCI-X bus interface network card generally has a 32-bit bus width, and some use a 64-bit data width. However, due to the exclusion of Intel’s new bus standard PCI-Express, whether it will eventually become popular is still unknown, because Intel proposed that PCI-Express issued by PCI-SIG (PCI Special Interest Organization) is not in terms of speed or structure. Both are much stronger than the PCI-X bus. Intel’s i875P chipset has provided support for the PCI-Express bus. Expert analysis is expected to gradually popularize this new bus interface by the end of the year. It will replace PCI and the current AGP interface, and finally realize the unification of the internal bus interface.

PCI-E

PCI Express interface varies according to the bus width, including X1, X4, X8 and X16 (X2 mode will be used for internal interfaces instead of plug-in Slot mode). The shorter PCI Express card can be inserted into the longer PCI Express slot. The PCI Express interface can support hot plugging, which is also a big leap. The three voltages supported by PCI Express cards are +3.3V, 3.3Vaux, and +12V. The PCI Express interface used to replace the AGP interface has a bit width of X16, which will be able to provide a bandwidth of 5GB/s. Even if there is a loss in encoding, it can still provide an actual bandwidth of about 4GB/s, far exceeding the 2.1GB/s of AGP 8X. The bandwidth of s.

Optical fiber network card interface classification

The meaning of LC interface optical fiber network card:

The origin of the name of the LC interface optical fiber network card is named according to the interface definition of the optical fiber module. The fiber optic module can be divided into several types according to its interface: SC, LC, ST, FC and so on.

The SC interface is widely used due to its ease of operation. In recent years, the widespread use of fiber to the desktop (FTTD) has made the SC interface fiber optic network card popular.

The meaning of the SC interface optical fiber network card:

The origin of the name of the SC interface optical fiber network card is named according to the interface definition of the optical fiber module. Fiber optic modules can be divided into several types according to their interfaces: SC, LC, ST, FC, MTRJ, etc. Because of the convenience of SC interface optical fiber operation, the network card with SC interface optical module has been widely used, and it is often mentioned by people, because the term SC interface optical fiber network card was also born.

Optical fiber port working wavelength and transmission distance: optical fiber interface network media working wavelength working distance SC/APC single fiber, single mode wavelength 1310/1550nm 10/20KMSC/PC dual fiber , Single-mode wavelength 1310nm 10/20/40KMSC/PC dual fiber, multi-mode wavelength 850nm 550M

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Meaning of SFP fiber optic network card:

SFP is (Small Form-factor Pluggables) which can be simply understood as an upgraded version of GBIC. SFP module (the volume is reduced by half compared to the GBIC module, and the number of ports can be more than doubled on the same panel. Because the SFP module is basically the same as the GBIC in function, it is also called miniature GBIC (Mini) by some switch manufacturers. -GBIC).

SFP optical fiber network card, hence the name suggests, is a small optical fiber network card with hot-swappable modules. In the network card integrated SFP slot, users can insert multi-mode or single-mode Modular SFP optical module, and can insert optical modules of different traditional distances according to the actual transmission distance; it does not need to be based on the network card itself. This gives users a lot of room for choice.