National Economic and Social Development Plan

Basicintroduction

In1982,accordingtotheregulationsoftheStatePlanningCommission,thenationaleconomicplanwaschangedtothenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplan.Includingnationaleconomicdevelopmentplans,butalsoscienceandtechnologyandsocialdevelopmentplans.Thenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplanisformulatedonthebasisofseekingtruthfromfactsandcomprehensivebalanceinaccordancewiththeobjectiverequirementsofthesocialisteconomiclaws,reflectingthepartyandthecountry'seconomicworkguidelinesandpolicies,aswellaspoliticalandeconomictaskswithinacertainperiodoftime.Reflectingallthemainaspectsandmainprocessesofsocialistexpansionofreproduction,andstipulatingthedirection,scale,speed,proportionalrelationshipandbenefitsofthenationaleconomicdevelopment,itisaprogrammaticdocumentguidingthedevelopmentofthenationaleconomy.

Review

Tostrengthensocialistdemocracy,improvethesocialistlegalsystem,andimplementtheruleoflaw,wemuststrengthenthesupervisionofeconomicworkinaccordancewiththelaw.Tothisend,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheConstitutionandrelevantlaws,wemustearnestlyperformthedutiesoftheNationalPeople'sCongressanditsStandingCommitteeentrustedtothembytheConstitution,andcarefullyreviewandapprovethenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplan.ExaminingandapprovingthenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplanistheresponsibilityoftheNationalPeople'sCongressentrustedtoitbytheConstitutionandthelaw,anditisalsoanimportantmanifestationofthepeoplebeingthemastersofthecountryandexercisingstatepower.Doingthisworkwellcanbetterpromotedemocracyineconomicwork,andtheguidingideologyandpolicymeasuresthatareconducivetothepreparationofplansconformtotheparty'sguidelinesandpoliciesandtherequirementsofthepeople.Whenreviewingthedraftnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplanandthereportofthenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplan,deputiestotheNationalPeople'sCongresscanfocusonthefollowingpoints:

(1)Judgingthemacrosituation

Todoagoodjobinreviewingandapprovingplans,wemustfirstmakeacorrectjudgmentonthemacrosituation.Thisisthekeytodoingagoodjobinreview.Tojudgethemacroeconomicsituation,itisnecessarytoanalyzethebalancebetweentotalsupplyandtotaldemand,observewhetherindicatorssuchaseconomicgrowth,employment,prices,investmentandconsumption,trade,andbalanceofpaymentsarewithinareasonablerange,evaluatetheimplementationeffectsofmacroeconomicpolicies,andfindoutaccuratelyThemaincontradictionsandproblems.Accordingtothemacroeconomicsituationandmacroeconomiccontrolobjectives,inordertosolvemajoreconomicproblemsandcontradictions,themacroeconomicpoliciesofeachyeargenerallyrunthroughamainline,andthismainlineisthefocusofthereview.Whetherthismainlineiscorrectandfeasible,representativesshouldproceedfromtheoverallsituationofthecountryandmakejudgmentsbasedontheirownworkpractices.Macroeconomicpoliciesandspecificmeasuresarehighlypertinent.Therearemanyspecificpoliciesandmeasureseachyear,buttheyaremoreorlessdifferent.Ingeneral,macroeconomicpoliciesmustnotonlymaintaincontinuityandstability,butalsomaketimelyadjustmentsinaccordancewithchangesinthesituation.Forexample,intheearly1990s,mycountry’seconomyexperiencedoverheateddemand,inflation,andeconomicdisorder.Inresponsetothisphenomenon,thecentralgovernmentresolutelyadoptedmeasurestodeepenreforms,strengthenandimprovemacro-control,focusingoncontrollingfixedassetinvestmentandrectifyingfinancialaffairs.order.AnotherexampleistheAsianfinancialcrisisthatbrokeoutinthesecondhalfof1997,coupledwithchangesinthedomesticsupplyanddemandsituation,andthecontradictionofinsufficienteffectivedemandgraduallyemerged.Thecentralgovernmentmadeamajordecisiontoexpanddomesticdemandinatimelymanner.Investmentdemandandconsumerdemand.Thenationalplanreflectsthefocusofworkineachperiod,andalsoreflectstheorientationandimportantcontentofmacro-control.

Thereviewofthedraftofthefive-yearplanandlong-termplanfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentshouldfocusonthelong-termandfurtherhighlightthemacroscopic,strategicandpolicynature.

(2)Theguidingideologyofthereviewplan

Whethertheguidingideologyofthereviewplaniscorrectismainlygraspedfromthefollowingsevenaspects:

1.Guidetheoveralleconomicandsocialdevelopmentwiththescientificdevelopmentconcept,adheretothepeople-orientedprinciple,insistonoverallplanningandall-roundconsideration,andimplementthecomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentconcept.Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofoverallurbanandruraldevelopment,overallregionaldevelopment,economicandsocialdevelopment,harmoniousdevelopmentbetweenmanandnature,domesticdevelopment,andopeningtotheoutsideworld,theoveralldevelopmentoftheeconomy,society,andpeoplewillbepromotedtobuildawell-offsocietyandaharmonioussocialistsociety.

2.Therelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstabilityshouldbehandledwell.Reformisthedrivingforceofdevelopment,developmentisthefoundationofstability,andstabilityisthenecessaryprerequisiteandenvironmentforadvancingreformandspeedingupdevelopment.Onthebasisoffullyconsideringthesocialaffordabilityandproperlysolvingthevarioussocialcontradictionsarisingfromtheadjustmentofinterests,wemuststeadilyadvancevariousreformssothateconomicdevelopmentcangainastrongandlastingimpetus,sothatreform,development,andstabilitycanpromoteeachotherandcomplementeachother.,Avirtuouscircle.

3.Persistintheuseofdevelopmentmethodstosolvetheproblemsinprogress.Therearemanycontradictionsineconomiclife,butinthefinalanalysistheyareallrelatedtodevelopment.Atpresent,measuresmustbetakentopromotesustainedandrapidgrowthofthenationaleconomytomeettherequirementsofpopulationgrowth,employmentincrease,andimprovementofpeople’slives.Ontheotherhand,wemustalsopayattentiontoavoidingtheimbalanceoftotalsupplyanddemandcausedbytheexcessivespeed,causinginflation,orinsufficientsocialdemandtorestricteconomicdevelopment,leadingtoadeflationarytrend.Ingeneral,itisnecessarytomaintainsustainedandrapidgrowthofthenationaleconomy,andstrivetoimprovethequalityofeconomicgrowth,andachievetheunityofspeedandefficiency.

4.Whilemaintainingageneralbalanceofeconomicaggregates,wewillactivelypromotestructuraloptimizationandupgrading.Itisnecessarytodeveloptraditionalindustriesandgivefullplaytomycountry'scomparativeadvantages,butalsotovigorouslydevelophigh-techindustriesandactivelyparticipateininternationalcompetition.Itisnecessarytoactivelyandsteadilyimplementtheurbanizationstrategy,butalsotovigorouslypromotethestrategicadjustmentofagricultureandtheruraleconomy,inparticular,strivetoincreasetheincomeoffarmersandpromotethecoordinateddevelopmentofurbanandruraleconomies.Itisnecessarytovigorouslyimplementthestrategyforthedevelopmentofthewesternregionandtherevitalizationstrategyofoldindustrialbasesinthenortheasternregion,whileencouragingtheeasternregionstotaketheleadinmodernizationandtherapidriseofthecentralregion.

5.Continuouslyimprovethelevelofopeningtotheoutsideworld,andmakefulluseofthetwomarketsandresourcesathomeandabroad.UnderthenewsituationofjoiningtheWTO,itisevenmorenecessarytocontinuetoexpandforeigneconomicandtechnologicalcooperationandexchanges,tocombine"bringingin"and"goingout",andtoparticipateininternationalcompetitionandcooperationinawiderrangeandbroaderfields.Effectivelyimproveinternationalcompetitivenessandbroadenthespaceforeconomicdevelopment.

6.Graduallyadjusttheuseofadministrativemeasures.Moreeconomicandlegalmeasuresthatconformtothelawsofthemarketeconomyandinternationalpracticesshouldbeadopted,andtheroleofeconomicleversinregulatingeconomicoperationsshouldbebroughtintofullplay.

7.Useeconomicpoliciesflexibly.Accordingtotheever-changingdomesticandinternationaleconomicsituation,payattentiontograspingtheintensity,rhythmandtimingofmacro-control,andenhancethepredictabilityofpolicies.

(3)Reviewthemainexpectedgoalsandmethodsofmacro-control

1.Examinewhetherthemainexpectedtargetsofmacro-controlareappropriate.Since2003,althoughtherearestillmanymacro-controltargetsintheplan,theeconomicgrowthrate,urbanregisteredunemploymentrate,consumerpriceincreaserateandimportandexportgrowthratehavebeenhighlighted,andtheyarecalledthemainexpectedtargetsofmacro-control.

(1)Regardingeconomicgrowthrate.Ourcountry’spracticehasprovedthattheeconomicgrowthrateislow,theeconomicgrowthpotentialcannotbefullyrealized,thecomprehensivenationalstrengthisdifficulttoincrease,anditisnotconducivetonarrowingthegapwithforeigncountries;

(2)Regardingtheunemploymentrate.mycountryisfacingthepressureofpopulationgrowthandnewemploymentpeaks.Itisanimportanttasktostrictlycontrolpopulationgrowth,workhardtoincreaseemployment,andmaintainthebasicstabilityofsocietyandpeople’slives.Itshouldbenotedthatitisimpossibletocompletelysolvetheunemploymentproblemandbringtheunemploymentratetozero.Evenifthejobopportunitiesandthenumberofpeoplewhowanttoworkarecompletelybalanced,therewillbeunemployment.Therefore,itisnecessarytodetermineanaccuratetargettocontroltheunemploymentrateatareasonablelevel.

(3)Regardingtherateofpriceincrease.Whatisincludedintheplanisthegenerallevelofconsumerprices.Practiceathomeandabroadhasprovedthatbothinflationanddeflationareveryharmfultothesustainedandhealthydevelopmentoftheeconomy.Itisnecessarytodetermineareasonablerangeforpriceincreasesbasedonourcountry’sexperience,andlimitpricefluctuationstoarelativelysmallrange.

(4)Regardingthegrowthrateofforeigntrade.Foreigntradeisoneofthefoundationsofthebalanceofpayments.mycountry'sforeigntradehasmaintainedasurplusformanyyears,whichisnoteasy.Infact,evenifthereisadeficitinforeigntrade,itisnotnecessarilyabadthing,becauseitmeansthatourcountrygetsmoreforeigngoods.Ofcourse,itcannotlasttoolong,becausetheabilitytowithstandthedeficitwilleventuallybeexhaustedoneday.

Thereisacloseconnectionbetweenthemainexpectedgoalsofmacroeconomicregulationandcontrol.Thefourgoalsareaninterconnectedandmutuallyrestrictivewhole.Theyarebasedontherealityofmycountry'seconomicoperationandeconomicsystem,andareputforwardaroundtherequirementsofmaintainingrapidgrowthofthenationaleconomyandimprovingtheoverallqualityoftheeconomy.Theyhavestrengthenedandimprovedmacro-controlinrecentyears.Thesummaryofpracticalexperienceconstitutestheoverallrequirementofmycountry'smacroeconomicregulationandcontrol.

Atthesametime,therearecontradictionsbetweenthemainexpectedgoalsofmacro-control.Forexample,thereisacontradictionbetweenstablepricesandfullemployment.Toomanyunemployedpeopleneedtoadoptmeasurestoexpandcredit,increaseinvestment,andstimulatedemand,soastoincreasethenumberofemployedpeople.However,creditexpanded,moneysupplyincreased,anddemandincreased,whichcouldeasilyleadtopriceincreasesandaggravateinflation.Therefore,itisnecessarytograspthequantitativelimitofthemainexpectedtargetsofmacro-control.Aslongaswehaveagoodgraspofthemainexpectedtargetsofmacro-control,othermacro-controltargetswillnotbesubjecttomajordeviations.

2.Examinewhetherthemeansandmeasuresofmacro-controlarefeasible.mycountry'smacro-controlmeasuresincludeeconomic,legal,andnecessaryadministrativemeasures.Butthemostimportantarethethreeaspectsofplanning,finance,andfinance.Thesethreearecalledthethreepillarsofmacro-controlbymycountry'seconomiccircles.

(1)Regardingplanningmethods.Bothplanningandthemarketaremeansofresourceallocationandeconomicadjustment.Undermycountry'ssocialistmarketeconomysystem,stateplanningisthemainbasisandmainmeansofmacro-control.Industrialpolicyisanimportantpartoftheplanningmethod.Anindustrialpolicyisasequenceofindustrialdevelopment(includingindustriesandproductsthatrequirekeysupport,restricteddevelopment,andeliminationwithinatimelimit)formulatedbyacountry'sgovernmenttostrengtheneconomicdevelopmentandoptimizeeconomicstructure,andcorrespondingeconomicpolicies.Onthewhole,industrialpolicyisapolicyforadjustingtotalsupplyandamedium-andlong-termdevelopmentpolicy.Sincethe1980s,mycountryhasusedtheexperienceofJapanandSouthKoreainsuccessfullyapplyingindustrialpoliciestodevelopindustrialpolicies.

(2)Aboutfinancialmeans.Fiscalmeansplayaregulatoryrolemainlythroughbudgetingandtaxation,thatis,throughthedistributionandredistributionofsocialfundsandincometocoordinatetherelationshipbetweenvariousstakeholdersandaffecteconomicoperations.Themainroleoffiscalinstrumentsistoadjustthetotalsupplyanddemand,thestructureofsupplyanddemand,incomedistribution,monetaryandfinancial,andregionaldifferences.

(3)Regardingfinancialandmonetarymeans.Undertheconditionsofamarketeconomy,nationalmacro-controlhasshiftedfromphysicalcontroltovaluecontrol,andmonetarypolicywillinevitablybecomeanimportantmeansofmacro-control.Inmycountry'smacro-control,althoughtheroleoffiscalpolicycannotbeunderestimated,theroleofmonetarypolicyhasbecomemoreapparent.Thesalientfeaturesofmonetarymeans:First,comprehensiveness.Currencycontrolcanpenetrateallcornersoftheeconomy,anditsimpactiscomprehensive.Thesecondisflexibility.Thecentralbankcanusevariousfinancialtoolstomakeadjustmentsatanytime,withstrongflexibilityandquickresults.Thethirdisstability.Monetarypolicyplaysarolethroughthemarketmechanism,andallstakeholdersmustactivelyadapttoitsinfluenceandavoidviolentfluctuations.

Aftertheexpectedgoalsaredetermined,itisimportanttoreviewwhetherthemeasurestakentoachievetheexpectedgoalsareappropriate,effectiveandeffective.