Moonlight theory

Status

Moonlight theory of dozens of motion. According to the "Moon Sports Watch" prepared by Brown Moon from 1923, it was prepared from the astronomical year. Due to the development of space technology, laser, radar and other modern observation methods, humans need to understand the thinner structure of the moonlight, and the theory of moonlight is still perfect. The two most important two in moonlight is: (1) Moon track promotion points, the cycle is 18. In 6135, the ancient China is called "one chapter", it directly affects the calculation of the day and moon. (2) East in the moon, the cycle is 8.8475, which has an impact on the tide.

Development

Newton's contribution

1687, Newton put forward the famous universal gravitational law, explaining the law of moonlight from the principle of mechanics. He proved in the book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", due to the role of solar tone, the main period of moon movement, the moon movement, and the other cycle of the past observation, there is no other cycle difference in the past observation. . Newton's unfinished moonlight theory work in the 18th century by Ou La, Clailo, Daren Bell and Laplas et al. By the 19th century, they put forward dozens of methods for studying moonlight motion, with more than dozen.

The influencing factor

There are many factors affecting the moonlight, the most important of which is the gravity of the earth and the sun. Therefore, it is usually divided into two steps: the first step first considering the main influence of the earth and the sun, it is called "main problem", which is assumed that the sun, the earth and the moon are all quality points. The quality center is moving along the fixed Copple elliptical orbit, so as to find the track relative to the Earth. After the restriction of the main problem, the second step is considered to take into account the testing of the solving of the main problem to the main problem (see self-test theory. Experability needs to be considered: due to the shape of the earth and the moon is not a uniform positive sphere Move; the gravitation of the planet; the effects of the ideal ellipse of the sun deviate from the main problem; tidal friction; relativity effect.

Hansens and Delo

in ten In the eighth century, according to the Moon position of the Laplas theory, the accuracy is only 05. In the nineteenth century, this calendar can no longer meet the actual needs. Therefore, improve the accuracy of the moonlight theory, become the heaveral mechanics One of the main topics. At that time, many theories were proposed, of which the theory of Hansens and Delo.

Hansen uses a size and shape unchanged, and the ellipse in space As the intermediate track, then calculate the tap of the elliptical patch angle and the coordinate difference between the moon in the tow and elliptical plane. Because of the annual graphics calendar calendar, the annual calendar computed monthly ball calendar.

< P> Delo, the theory of Dellow uses the instantaneous elliptical orbit element as the basic variable, and change it into a regular conjugate variable. Using the regular transformation in the analytics, it will eliminate the periodic item in the Hamilton function. Derdon spent nearly two Ten years, through thousands of transformations, more than 400 cycle items have been eliminated, and a pure text-expanding theory is established. According to this theoretical calculation, the high-altitude calendar is not high (convergence), but The method he founded was the foundation for the change theory of heavenly mechanics.

Hill's contribution

Ninety century, Hill developed the theory of Euu moon on the right angle coordinate The concept of basic variables and rotation coordinate system has established a new moonlight theory: use a cycle track that considers the main impact of the sun as an intermediate track; a coordinate system rotated by the sun average angular velocity as a reference system, so that the coordinates of the sun There is a simple expressive expression; calculate the right angle coordinates? O makes the motion equation have a pure number of symmetrical forms, which is easy to carry out the calendar of the month, and avoid the complicated operation of the engineering function according to the ellipse factor; In the motion function, the parameter M (the ratio of the average angular angle speed of the sun and the moon) is used, and other parameters remain text. Since the numerical measurement of the parameter M is extremely accurate, so that it can guarantee high precision, Also avoid many of the complicated operations during the development, but the disadvantage is not to provide a bias number of M.

Hill also accurately calculates the progress of the moon near location. JC Adams calculates intersection with similar methods The movement has solved the problem that the previous moon theory is difficult to solve. Ear, EW Brown uses Hill and JC Adams method, and adds a differential correction process, which makes the effective number of the expression coefficient have doubled Finally, he prepared the "Moon Sports Watch". From 1923, the moon calendar in the international world of astronomical calendars was calculated using Brown "Moon Sports Watch". < / P>

Ekrt's contribution

Since the 1950s, with the development of spatial technology and the use of new observation methods such as radar and laser ranging, the precision is a few kilometers of orders. There is no need to meet the needs of the monthly calendar, establish a task with moon-level and even higher precision to mention the schedule. After the electronic computer came out, Ekrt conducted a series of work on the basis of Hill Brown, such as reorganizing the transfer of the yellow latitude test and the moon right coordinates to the conversion of the ball coordinates, using the history and new astronomical constant system. . These results have become the basis for calculating the metrics calendar calendar. Although Extra improved the accuracy of the moon-ball calendar calculated by Hill Brown, there was still no fundamental improvement, so it was necessary to seek new theories. In the work of establishing a new moonlight theory, the most prominent analysis of the analytical monthly ball calendar worked in Dprit, Hurat and Roma. They absorbed the advantages of the pure text of the Delo method, using electronic computers, according to Lee transform, re-emerged Derro theory in higher precision. The resulting results are more complete in the analysis structure than Derlo, which is higher than Hill theory. However, a few of the small agents still have an error of 2 to 10 meters.

Problems in the study

There have been some significant issues in the study of moonlight research, and some important phenomena have been found. For example, Harley has found long-term acceleration in the analysis of ancient yet information, ie the moon flat yellow is included in the acceleration term T (T is the number of centuries starting at the beginning of the initial element), and the long-term acceleration coefficient is about 11. Later Laplas also found similar phenomena, he believes that this is caused by long-term changes in Earth's orbit eccentricity, and calculates that the theoretical value is 104 compliance with observation results. J. C. Adams's theoretical value obtained by more rigorous calculations should be 572, only half of the observation value. This problem has attracted people's attention. Until, until the 20th century, the 1930s, Newcom, De Shiit and Jones made a lot of meticulous analysis and calculations on the moon of the moon, and they were more satisfactory, and they believed that half of the long-term acceleration left in the long-term acceleration. Tidal friction is explained. Tidal friction makes the earth's rotation speed gradually slow, reflects the ethics of the moon and the long-term acceleration of the moon. The long-term acceleration of the moon, finally found the unevenness of the global rotation. Earth's rotary unevenness makes the theoretical position of the celestial body and the actual position, because the moon is the fastest natural celestial body, which is more obvious. Because of the long-term non-uniformity of the global rotation, people have always considered defects in the moon theory itself. After 1960, the celestial calendar was calculated at the time of the world, and the "defect" of the moon theory was bridged; and the results of the observation and research of moonlight movement were used to determine the world's correction. value.