Meizhou Middle School, Meijiang District, Meizhou City

honggarae 18/05/2022 651

History

The word of Belarus ( "White Rose") first appeared in 1135 chronicles.

In 862 AD, the castle built on land Polotsk Belarus.

9-12 century, the castle was formed around Polotsk principality.

second half of the Belarusian language form the 13th century.

mid-13th century -18 century, has a home Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Lithuania - Poland Kingdom.

Since the 18th century incorporated into the Russian Empire.

1918 March pro-German plenary session of the Executive Committee of Belarus announced the establishment of the German occupation zone Belarusian People's Republic.

1919 January Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was established, and in December 30, 1922 with the Russian Federation, the Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine set up a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

1990 Nian 7 27, white Supreme Soviet adopted a declaration of national sovereignty.

1991 Nian 9 Yue 19 was renamed the Republic of Belarus, referred to as Belarus, December 8 as a founding country to join the CIS.

natural environment

area location

Belarus the heart of Europe, is a landlocked country, its country bordering Russia, Latvia, Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine. . Belarus total area 207,600 square kilometers, a distance of 560 km from north to south, east-west distance of 650 km. European territorial area ranks 13th.

terrain

Belarus is located in the East European Plain, low-lying territory, mostly wetlands, with an average altitude of 160 meters, the highest peak Ter Kaja Kings Mountain (Dzerzhinskaya), 345 meters above sea level.

Climate characteristics

Belarus climate is temperate continental climate with a mild and humid, annual rainfall of 550 mm to 700 mm. January average temperature -6 ℃, July average temperature of 18 ℃.

hydrology distribution

rivers and streams throughout the territory of Belarus more than 20,000, a total length of 90,600 km. The main rivers are the Dnieper, Pripyat River, Zapadnaya Dvina River, the Neman River and sozh river, where six rivers more than 500 km.

Belarus has 10,000 lakes with a total area of 2000 square kilometers, the largest Lake Narach an area of 79.6 square kilometers, enjoy the "Wannsee country" reputation. While more than 130 reservoirs.

Natural Resources

mineral and energy resources

There are more than 10,000 kinds of mineral resources as of 2014 in Belarus have been identified, of which the most important is the oil, associated natural gas, peat, brown coal and slate flammable, potassium salt, rock salt, various types of building materials (building stone, stone finish, cement and lime production materials, building and manufacturing glass with sand, gravel, various clay, fresh water, mineral water. In addition, iron ore, gypsum, precious metals, apatite and bauxite, etc.).

Water

Belarus abundant water resources, with more than 20,000 rivers and streams, more than 10,000 lakes, the "Wannsee country" reputation.

Forest Resources

Belarus with nearly 8 million hectares of forest coverage rate of 39%, second only to Russia in the CIS, in second place. Coniferous forests, mainly coniferous trees, followed by spruce, birch, oak and so on. It covers an area of 1165 square kilometers of Belovezhskaya Pushcha natural forest reserve renowned in Europe. Timber reserves of about 1.093 billion cubic meters, the annual export of various wood about 500 million tons.

administrative division

division

The country is divided into Belarus Minsk, Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev six states and the capital, Minsk has an independent administrative status under the 118 area, 106 cities, 25 municipal districts, 106 towns, 1456 villages.

Capital

Located in central Minsk Belarus, the state set up in 1938, the capital of Minsk, capital of Belarus, population 1.92 million (as of April 1, 2014), is the country's political, economic and cultural center. World War II was almost razed to the ground, post-war reconstruction and became an important industrial center of Belarus. Minsk has more institutions of higher learning, including the Belarusian State University, in addition to the famous circus, opera and ballet homes. Rich in beauty Belarus, Minsk is representative. There Victory Square in Minsk, tears Island, the National Museum of the Great Patriotic War history, the Holy Spirit Episcopal Cathedral, Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park, Glory Hill and other attractions. There was named to Minsk Minsk aircraft carrier.

national symbol

flag

Belarus flag rectangular, length and width ratio of 2: 1. Flag surface half wide strip of red, green strips the lower half, the left side surface of red and white flag pattern bars with national characteristics. Red flag on behalf of the invaders defeated Belarus Legion, a symbol of the glorious past. Green represents the forests and fields, a symbol of hope for the future of the earth and thriving. Continuation of traditional culture and spirit of representatives of ethnic patterns of the left and solidarity of the people.

Emblem

center of Belarusian national emblem of Belarus territory, and radially superimposed on the golden sunlight. The sun is a source beam pattern, but half of it is part of a larger pattern of earth cover. Also only half the earth pattern, respectively, into the surface waters and the display portion Eurasian purple and blue. The left and right sides of the national emblem surrounded by the flowers set off on wheat straw, left flowers are clover plants; it is the right of flax flowers. It haunted both sides of wheat straw is a long ribbon, ribbons with Belarusian national flag as red, green and white level; the ribbon on the middle section write "Republic of Belarus" Belarus-like text, font golden brown. Head just above the national emblem is a red five-pointed star. Belarusian national emblem symbolizes eternal faith hard work building victory for justice and standing proudly in the nations of the world confidence.

local time on January 7, 2021, the Belarusian State law website issued Decree No. 83-3, the Act prior to the Act relating to "national emblem of the Republic of Belarus" has been modified, and released a new version coat of arms. In the new national emblem, the outline of the Belarusian State turned into gold, but not before the green. Above the five-pointed star emblem also changed, before the five-pointed star has a clear edge. In addition, the new version of the national emblem on Earth pattern has changed and made adjustments to the warp and weft, direction and color of the Earth has also been modified to show a lot more than before some European regions in the pattern.

National Anthem

"We Belarusians"

lyrics to the effect: the wind of freedom is freedom of singing your name, Greenwood friendly voice to you calling the sun with flames singing the praises of your famous, the stars dispersed forces pour faith. In the face of the storm, difficulties and power, you blossom bud waiting to initiate flood of life in the Holy Land, you reclaim the face of flooding. You suffer from flooding, and glorious legend lives across the fields, forests and mountains, native flowers and trees weave a crown of glory, as the swan feather-like sparkle. The poet's voice echoed as you rise and growth of thousands of years, today's leap unstoppable, more courageous to face the mysterious future. What you showed up in the sun, lovely spark, calmly weaving dreams for the future, golden dress; even if strong is your scruples, no one close to you, I'm afraid, I'm afraid there is no thorns on the road. Revival breeze blowing through every corner has a feeling of infinite spirit, the joy of the motherland a better day has arrived!

Population and Ethnic Groups

population

939.78 million (20 204 months).

national

Belarus was a multi-ethnic country, there were a total of more than 100 nationalities, of which Belarusians accounted for 83.7%; Russians are the second largest ethnic Belarus, 8.3%, over the Belarus national states, mainly in the eastern and central Poland Belarus family is the third largest nation, located in the Brest region bordering with Poland and Luode Nuo states, accounting for 3.1%.

Politics

regime

1994 presidential regime, the same year in July, Lukashenko was elected the first president for a term of five years. In 1996, the 13th President of the Supreme Soviet power struggle intensified, President Alexander Lukashenko ordered to hold a referendum. According to the results of the referendum the same year on November 24, the 13th Supreme Soviet activities were terminated, while the formation of a new bicameral parliament, Lukashenko presidency until 2001. In September 2001, President Lukashenko reorganization of the government, the integration of Parliament, the President established a system of vertical leadership. October 17, 2003, the White Council held its third National Assembly House of Representatives (lower house) elections, incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko at the same time it can participate in the next presidential election and canceled the constitutional referendum on presidential term limit provisions. 79.4% of voters in favor of cancellation on presidential term not exceeding two provisions, support for Romer in the 2006 presidential election Constitution. Lukashenko again in March 2006 to 82.6% of the vote was elected president. December 20, 2010, Lukashenko to 80% of the vote, began his 16th year in the Belarus presidency.

Constitution

November 24, 1996 amendments to the Constitution adopted by referendum proposed by the President, effective November 27. October 17, 2004 decided to cancel the referendum on Article 81 of the Constitution limit on consecutive presidential term shall not exceed two terms. Constitution: the presidential regime and separation of powers; the president is head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces, generated by the voters directly elected for a term of five years, shall not serve more than two terms; the president the right to determine the referendum to dissolve parliament, to determine the levels parliamentary elections, appoint the Prime Minister (subject to the approval of the lower house of parliament), Deputy Prime Minister appoint and dismiss all the members of the government, appointment and removal of all judicial institutions, the leaders of the central election and referendum Commission, the government's decision to resign and so on; at the presidential vacancy or inability to perform his duties, Interim President powers by the Prime Minister.

Parliament

Belarusian parliament, said the National Assembly, by the Council of the Republic (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house), with a term of four years. This is the seventh national conference, in November 2019 the composition. Council of the Republic a total of 64 representatives, 56 by the National 6 1 City State (Minsk) local council elections by secret ballot each produce 8, another eight appointed by the President. · Cochabamba main 席娜塔莉亚 Nova, elected in December 2019. Representatives from the 110 representatives, directly elected by universal suffrage by secret ballot. Andre Chairman Vladimir Klitschko, was elected in December 2019.

government

2020 June 4, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko appointed the new members of the government. Previously served as Chairman of the Belarusian State Military Industrial Committee for the post of Roman Kravchenko Golovin become the new prime minister.