Magnetic card

Introduction

Englishname:magneticcard

Acard-shapedmagneticrecordingmediumthatworkswithvariouscardreaders.Amagneticcardisacardthatusesamagneticcarriertorecordsomeinformationforidentificationorotherpurposes.

Dependingonthesubstrateused,magneticcardscanbedividedintothreetypes:PETcards,PVCcardsandpapercards;

Dependingonthestructureofthemagneticlayer,theycanbedividedintomagneticstripecards.Andtwokindsoffullycoatedmagneticcards.

Themagneticstripecardconsistsofaplasticcardandamagneticstripeattachedtoit.Therearethreetracksonthemagneticstripeforstoringinformation.ISOclearlyregulatestherelevantcharacteristicsofthemagneticstripecard,andthedescriptionisasfollows:

lISO7810stipulatesthephysicalcharacteristicsofthemagneticstripecard,includingthematerial,structureandsizeofthecard.Usuallythesizeofamagneticstripecardis85.5X54X0.76(mm);

lISO7811specifiesthedataformatandthelocationoftherecordedinformationofthethreetracksonthemagneticstripecard,seeTable7.

Table7Magneticstripecardparameters

ThedifferencebetweenmagneticcardandICcard

MagneticcardandICcardsarethetwomostcommonlyusedcardtypesinthecurrentinformationsociety.Theyare"frequentcustomers"inourwallets.ThenumberofcardsissuedannuallyinChinahasexceeded200million.WhatisthedifferencebetweenmagneticstripecardandICcard?SeeTable8forcomparisoninstructions.

Table8ComparisonofmagneticstripecardandICcard

Magneticstripecardistheveteranofthecardindustry,ithasthelongestusetimeandthelargestnumberofuse.Withthedevelopmentofinformatizationandelectronictechnology,theshortcomingsofmagneticstripecainementionedabovehavegraduallyfadedoutofthestageofhistory.

Technology

Magneticcardisamagneticrecordingmediumcard.Itismadeofhigh-strength,high-temperature-resistantplasticorpaper-coatedplastic,whichismoisture-proof,wear-resistantandhasacertaindegreeofflexibility,isconvenienttocarry,andisrelativelystableandreliableinuse.Usually,onesideofthemagneticcardisprintedwithexplanatoryinformation,suchasthedirectionofthecard;theothersidehasamagneticlayeroramagneticstripe,with2-3trackstorecordrelevantinformationanddata.

Magneticstripetracks

Thereare3tracksonthemagneticstripe.Track1,Track2,andTrack3arereadandwritetracks,whichcanbereadorwrittenduringuse.

Track1canrecordnumbers(0-9),letters(A-Z)andsomeothersymbols(suchasbrackets,separators,etc.),upto79numbersorletterscanberecorded.

Thecharactersrecordedintracks2and3canonlybenumbers(0-9).Track2canrecordupto40characters,andtrack3canrecordupto107characters.

Magneticstripeisathinlayerofmaterial(alsocalledpigment)composedofalignedferrousoxideparticles.Tightlybondthemtogetherwitharesinadhesiveandbondthemtoanon-magneticsubstratemediumsuchaspaperorplastic.

Themagneticstripeisessentiallythesameasthemagnetictapeordiskusedinacomputer.Itcanbeusedtorecordletters,charactersandnumbers.Itisfirmlyintegratedwithplasticorpapertoformamagneticcardbygluingorheatsealing.Theinformationcontainedinamagneticstripeisgenerallylargerthanalongbarcode.Themagneticstripcanbedividedintothreeindependenttracks,calledTK1,TK2,TK3,TK1canwriteupto79lettersorcharacters;TK2canwriteupto40characters;TK3canwriteupto107characters.Becausethemagneticcardislow-cost,easytouse,easytomanage,andhascertainsecurityfeatures,itsdevelopmenthasbeensupportedbymanyworld-renownedcompanies,especiallygovernmentdepartmentsofvariouscountriesfordecades,makingtheapplicationofmagneticcardsverypopularandspreadalloverthepeople’slives.Allaspects.Itisworthmentioningthatthepopularizationanduseofthebankingsystemfordecadeshasledtoagreatdevelopmentinthepopularityofmagneticcards.

Classification

Magneticstripetype:Generalantimagneticcard(300oe)

Highantimagneticcard(3500oe)

DirectprintingType:lowmagneticresistancecard(300oe)(suchasparktickets)

Highmagneticresistancecard(2700oe)(suchassubwaycards,telephonecards)

Applications:bankcards,Securitiesandinsurance:creditcards,quasi-creditcards,ATMcards,debitcards,debitcards,debitcards,specialcards,stored-valuecards,co-brandedcards,businesscards,personalcards,companycards,socialinsurancecards,Socialsecuritycards,securitiestradingcards...

Retailservices:shoppingcards,cashcards,membershipcards,giftcards,ordercards,discountcards,loyaltycards,etc.

Socialsecurity:Lifeandaccidentinsurancecard,healthcard

Transportationandtravel:carinsurancecard,travelcard,roomcardlock,passportcard,parkingcard,payTVcard,highwaytollcard,checkcard

Medical:outpatientcard,healthcheckcard,blooddonationcard,diagnosticchart,bloodtypecard,healthrecordcard,maternitycard,medicalrecordcard,insurancecard,prescriptioncard

Specialdocuments:identityIdentificationcard,temporaryresidencecard,sealregistrationcard,tax-freecard...

Education:CAIcard,librarycard,studentID,reportcard,tutoringcard,transcript...

Entertainment:videogamecard,karaokecard,entertainmentcard,theatercard

Others:factoryautomationcard,operatorcard,qualitycontrolcard,accesscontrolcard,workcard,personalrecordcard,homesecurityCardsetc.

History

Theuseofmagneticcardshasalonghistory.Becausethemagneticcardislow-cost,easytouse,easytomanage,andhascertainsecurityfeatures,itsdevelopmenthasbeensupportedbymanyworld-renownedcompanies,especiallygovernmentdepartmentsofvariouscountriesfordecades,makingtheapplicationofmagneticcardsverypopularandspreadalloverthepeople’slives.Allaspects.Youcanuseamagneticcardformakingcalls,amagneticcardforcheckingticketsbyplane,amagneticcardforthestockmarket,andsoon.

Accordingtodata,theaverage(adult)personintheUnitedStateshasasmanyas4magneticcardsofvarioustypes,andSingaporehasasimilarpenetrationrate.InsomedevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStates,becausemagneticcardsarewidelyusedinbanking,securitiesandothersystems,theapplicationsystemofmagneticcardsisverycomplete.Iftheseexistingmagneticcardapplicationsystems,includingVisacard/MasterCardcardapplicationsystems,allWiththeincreasinglymaturesmartcardsystem,theannualinvestmentwillbeatleasthundredsofbillionsofdollars,anditwillseriouslyaffectthepeople'slivinghabitsandthenormaloperationoftheapplicationsystem.ThisiswhythedevelopmentofsmartcardsystemsintheUnitedStatesismuchslowerthaninEuropeancountries.Foralongperiodoftimeinthefuture,especiallyinacountrywithahighlydevelopedbankmagneticcardapplicationsystemliketheUnitedStates,thebankmagneticcardapplicationsystemwillcoexistwiththesmartcardapplicationsysteminacomplementarymanner.Theoverallsecurityandconfidentialityofthesmartcardisindeedbetterthanthatofthemagneticcard,butaverycompletemagneticcardapplicationsystem(suchasthebankingsystem)makesupforthelackofthemagneticcarditselfinitssecurityandconfidentialitycharacteristics,soitisnotobviousfortheusertoexperiencethetwoThesecurityfeaturesofthesecardsaredifferentandaffecttheuse.

Payattentiontotheproblem

Themagneticstripecardwillbeinterferedbymanyexternalmagneticfieldfactors.

☆Themagneticstripecardistoofarawayfromthemagneticbuckleinthewalletorwallet.Near,evencontactwiththemagneticbuckle.

☆Itistooclosetoorincontactwiththemagneticbuckleofwomen'shandbagsandmen'shandbags.

☆Contactwithaddressbooksandnotebookswithmagneticseals.

☆Contactwithmagneticobjectssuchasthemagneticbuckleonthephonecaseandcarkeys.

☆Keepittogetherwithmobilephonesandotherdevicesthatcangenerateelectromagneticradiationforalongtime.

☆ThedistanceistooclosetohouseholdapplianceswithstrongmagneticfieldeffectssuchasTVsetsandradiocassetterecorders.

☆Whenusinginasupermarket,itistoocloseorevenincontactwiththeanti-theftdegaussingequipmentinthesupermarket.

☆Whenmultiplemagneticstripecardsareputtogether,themagneticstripeofthetwocardstoucheachother.

Inaddition,themagneticstripecardcannotbeusednormallyifthemagneticstripecardispressed,folded,bumpedforalongtime,exposedtothesun,hightemperature,scratchedandsoiledbythemagneticstripe.Atthesametime,intheprocessofswipingthecardonthecardreader,thecleannessandagingofthemagnetichead,theinterferenceinthedatatransmissionprocess,thesystemerroroperation,andtheimproperoperationofthecashiermaycausethemagneticstripecardtobeunusable.

Principle

Recordingprinciple

Therecordingheadiscomposedofatoroidalcorewithagapandacoilwoundonthecore.Themagneticcardismadeofabasemadeofacertainmaterialandaparticlemagneticmaterialevenlycoatedonthebase.Duringrecording,themagneticsurfaceofthemagneticcardmovesatacertainspeed,ortherecordingheadmovesatacertainspeed,andisincontactwiththegapormagneticsurfaceoftherecordinghead,respectively.Onceacurrentisappliedtothecoilofthemagnetichead,amagneticfieldproportionaltothecurrentisgeneratedatthegap,andthemagneticbodyinthecontactportionofthemagneticcardandthegapismagnetized.Iftherecordingsignalcurrentchangeswithtime,whenthemagneticbodyonthemagneticcardpassesthroughthegap(becausethemagneticcardorthemagneticheadismoving),itwillbemagnetizedtovaryingdegreesasthecurrentchanges.Afterthemagneticcardismagnetized,themagneticlayerofthemagneticcardleavingthegapleavestheremanencecorrespondingtothecurrentchange.

Ifthecurrentsignal(ormagneticfieldstrength)changesaccordingtothesinusoidallaw,theresidualmagneticfluxonthemagneticcardalsochangesaccordingtothesinusoidallaw.Whenthecurrentispositive,itcausesamagneticpolarityfromlefttoright(fromNtoS);whenthecurrentisreversed,themagneticpolarityisalsoreversed.ThefinalresultcanbeseenasawavelengthfromNtoSandbacktoNonthemagneticcard,orastwomagneticrodsconnectedinthesamepolarity.Thisistheresultofsomesimplification,however,itmustberememberedthattheremanenceBrchangessinusoidally.Whenthesignalcurrentismaximum,thelongitudinalmagneticfluxdensityalsoreachesthemaximum.Therecordedsignalisrecordedintheformofsinusoidallychangingresidualmagnetismandstoredonthemagneticcard.

Workingprinciple

TheresidualmagneticfluxdensityBronthemagneticcardplaysadecisiveroleintheworkingprocessofthemagneticcard.Themagneticcardpassesthroughtheworkingmagneticheadequippedwithacoilatacertainspeed.Theexternalmagneticlineofthemagneticcardcutsthecoilandgeneratesaninducedelectromotiveforceinthecoil,therebytransmittingtherecordedsignal.Ofcourse,itisalsorequiredtohaveawiderfrequencyresponse,lessdistortionandahigheroutputlevelfortherecordedsignalintheworkofthemagneticcard.

Averythinmetalstraightlinecanbeusedasasimpleplaybackdevice.Themetalstraightlineisinclosecontactwiththemagneticcard,andthedirectionisperpendiculartotherunningdirectionofthemagneticcard.Whenthemagneticcardisrunning,themetalstraightlinecutsthemagneticlineofforcetogenerateaninducedelectromotiveforce.Themagnitudeoftheelectromotiveforceisproportionaltothecutmagneticlineofforce.Whentheoperatingspeedofthemagneticcardremainsunchanged,theinducedelectromotiveforceofthemetalstraightlineisproportionaltotheresidualmagneticinductionintensityonthesurfaceofthemagneticcard,andtheinducedelectromotiveforceintheconductorcanbeexpressedbythefollowingformula:

e=BrWvwhereBr-surfaceResidualmagneticinductionintensity;W-thewidthoftherecordingtrack;

v-theoperatingspeedofthemagneticcardduringplayback.

InthecaseofBr=2πf/vφrmcos2πft,synthesizetherelationshipbetweenBrandetoobtaine=2πfWφrmcos2πft.Ofcourse,itisnotpracticaltouseametalwireasamagneticcardworkingdevicebecausetheoutputisverysmall.

Themagneticheadisanironcoremadeofasoftmagneticmaterialwithhighpermeability,withwindingcoilswoundonit,andthereisaverynarrowgapinfrontofthemagnetichead.Atthistime,intermsofthemagneticfluxenteringtheworkingmagnetichead,Canberegardedastwoparalleleffectivemagneticresistance,namelythemagneticresistanceofthegapandthemagneticresistanceofthemagneticheadcore.Becausetheeffectivereluctanceofthegapismuchgreaterthanthatoftheworkingheadcore,mostofthemagneticfluxonthemagneticcardisinputtotheheadcoreandcross-connectedwiththecoilwindingontheworkinghead,thusinducingelectromotiveforce.InthiscaseNext,theinducedelectromotiveforceformulaobtainedbyasinglemetalreplaylineiscompletelyapplicabletotheworkingheadofthetoroidalmagneticcard,buttheproportionalcoefficientisdifferent.

SupposeNisthenumberofturnsofthecoilandmisthecoefficientrelatedtothesizeandmagnetismoftheworkingheadcore,thentheinducedelectromotiveforcegeneratedintheringworkingheadwindingis:e=2πfWmNφrmcos2πft

Becausetheelectromotiveforceinducedintheworkingmagneticwindingisproportionaltotherateofchangeofthemagneticflux,thatis,theelectromotiveforcee∝By∝frequencyf.Whenrecordingi=Isinwt,thelongitudinalresidualmagneticdensityBx∝i(thestraightpartofthetransfercurve),soBx=K1Isinwt.SinceBy∝dbx/dt,e∝By,e=K2Iwcoswt.HereK2dependsontheefficiencyoftheworkinghead,thenumberofturns,thetapematerial,andsoon.Theseformulasalsoshowthat:theoutputvoltageisproportionaltotherecordingcurrent;theoutputvoltageisproportionaltothesignalfrequency;theoutputvoltagegetsacorrespondingchangeof90°(thatis,thesinetermchangestothecosineterm).

Standard

InternationalStandard

1.ISO7810:1985identificationcardphysicalcharacteristics

specifiesthephysicalcharacteristicsofthecard,includingthematerial,structure,andsizeofthecard.Thesizeofthecardis:width85.72mm----85.47mm

height54.03mm----53.92mm

thickness0.76±0.08mm

Theradiusofthefourcornersis3.18mm

Thesizeofthegeneralspeakingcardis:85.5X54X0.76

2.ISO7811-1:1985IdentificationCardRecordingTechnologyPart1:Embossing

Specifiestherequirementsforembossedcharactersonthecard(characterset,font,characterspacingandcharacterheight).

3.ISO7811-2:1985IdentificationCardRecordingTechnologyPart2:MagneticStripe

Specifiesthecharacteristics,codingtechnologyandcodedcharactersetofthemagneticstripeonthecard.

4.ISO7811-3:1985IdentificationcardrecordingtechnologyPart3:PositionofembossedcharactersonID-1typecard

5.ISO7811-4:1985IdentificationCardRecordingTechnologyPart4:Thepositionofthefirstandsecondtracksoftheread-onlytrack

6.ISO7811-5:1985IdentificationCardRecordingTechnologyPart5:Thepositionofthethirdtrackofreadandwritetracks

Factorystandard

(AccordingtoISO7811,ISO7816internationalstandard)

①Cardbasesizestandard:Cardbaselength:85.47mm-85.72mmwidth:53.92mm-54.03mm

ISOstandard(magneticcard)thickness:0.76mm(excludingmagneticstripethickness)ICcardthickness:0.84mm±0.02mm

Specialthickness:Accordingtotherequirementofthebuyer,theproductionerroris±0.03mm

Printingprocess:Accordingtothedifferentneedsofusers,thereareoffsetprinting,silkprinting,printing,etc.Therearethreeprintingmethods,oneormoreprintingmethodsareusedforprinting.Atthesametime,specialcraftplatessuchashotstampingandsilverhotstampingcanbeaddedtothecardaccordingtotheneedstoachievethebestqualityandvisualrequirementsrequiredbyusers.

Security

Withthecontinuousexpansionofmagneticcardapplications,relatedmagneticcardtechnology,especiallysecuritytechnology,hasbeenunabletomeetmoreandmoreapplicationswithhighersecurityrequirements.Thesecuritytechnologiesusedonmagneticcardsinthepast,suchaswatermarkingtechnology,holographictechnology,andprecisionmagneticrecordingtechnology,havegreatlyreducedtheirrelativesecurityovertime.Thebasicprincipleofitsworkistorelyonitsown"cardnumber"toidentifydifferentmagneticcards,sothecardnumberisrelativelyopenwhenreadingthecard,anditiseasiertocopy.

ICcard(akindofchip-typesmartcard)isidentifiedbythekeyparameterwrittenonthechip.WhentheICcardisinuse,itmustpasstheuniquetwo-waykeyauthenticationwiththereadingandwritingdevice.Whenleavingthefactory,theICcardisinitialized(encrypted);whenitisdeliveredtouse,itisnecessarytousetheICcardissuancesystemtogenerateaprivatekeyforeachusercardinitsownsystem.

Thevideocardappearedagain.

Thereisaproblem

A.Theconfidentialityandsecurityofthecardispoor

Theinformationonthemagneticstripeiseasiertoread,anditiseasiertomodifythecontentonthemagneticstripeillegally.Therefore,inmostcases,themagneticcardisusedasstaticdatainput..Althoughthethirdtrackisreadableandwritableandhasanamountfield,itisonlyusedforsmallamountapplications,suchasphonecards.

B.Applicationsystemsthatusemagneticcardsneedthesupportofreliablecomputersystemsandcentraldatabases

Inthefinancialindustry,magneticcardsusedasfinancialtransactioncardsaregenerallyusedinconjunctionwithpowerfulandreliablecomputernetworksystems,amount,transactionrecords,etc.Theinformationisstoredinthedatabaseofthecomputerofthefinancialinstitution.Thecardheldbytheuseronlyprovidesindexinformationsuchastheuser'smainaccountnumber,sothattheuser'sdatacanbequicklyfoundinthedatabase.

Themainadvantageofmagneticcard:lowcost,whichiswhyitiseasytopromote.

Domesticdevelopment

AccordingtomediareportssuchasNetease,Zhongsou,etc.,accordingtothedeploymentofthePeople’sBankofChina,POSmachinesacrossthecountrywillclosechipbankcarddowngradetransactionsbeforetheendofOctober,andchipcardpaymentswillbidfarewelltoswipingcards.,Usheringintheeraofcardinsertion.Beginningnextyear,newlyissuedbankcardssettledinRMBineconomicallydevelopedareasshouldbechipcards,andmagneticstripecardswillbegraduallysuspended.