Laser guided missile

honggarae 30/12/2021 859

Background

PeoplecanoftenseethispictureinTVnewscoveringmodernwarfare:Whenthe"crossstar"ontheaircraftdisplayisaimedatagroundtarget,thetargetwillimmediatelyBeingdestroyed,thisisthe"credit"ofthelaser-guidedbomb.Theplacewherethe"crossstar"isaimedatthetargetistheaimingpointofthelaserbeam.Wherethelaserbeamispointed,thelaser-guidedbombwillbetracked,whichtrulyrealizes"pointingandhitting."

Function

Highprecision

Missilesseemtohave"eyes"

Theso-calledlaserguidanceistouselaserastheinformationcarrier,andthemissile,Artilleryshellsorbombsaredirectedtothetargetandtheimplementationofadvancedtechnologyforprecisionstrikes.Accuracyisadistinctivefeatureoflaserguidedweapons.Duetothegoodmonochromaticityofthelaserandthesmalldivergenceangleofthebeam,itisdifficultfortheenemytoeffectivelyinterferewiththeguidancesystem,whichgivesitanadvantagethatotherguidancemethodscannotmatch.Therefore,whenalaser-guidedweaponattacksafixedormovingtarget,itislikehavingeyes.Theaccuracyisgenerallywithin1meter,andthehitrateisextremelyhigh.Laser-guidedweaponscanevenenterthroughtheventstoblowupundergroundtargets,makingtheopponentunpredictable.Thelaserguidance,infrared,radar,GPSandothercompositeguidancearemoreconducivetoimprovingguidanceaccuracyandcopingwithvariouscomplexbattlefieldenvironments,soastogiveplaytotheadvantagesofall-weatheroperations.

"ZeroError"

"bite"thetargetwithoutrelaxing

Laserguidanceusuallyhas"lineofsight"and"seeking".Thetypicalrepresentativeof"line-of-sight"islaserbeamsteeringguidance,andthetypicalrepresentativeof"seeking"islasersemi-activehomingguidance,whichisalsothemostcommonlyusedlaserguidancemethod.

Inshort,laserbeamsteeringguidancemeansthatthelaserguidancesystemaimsatthetargetandcontinuouslyemitslaserlight.Thelaserreceiverlocatedatthetailoftheprojectilereceivesthelaserlightandcontrolstheprojectiletoflyalongthecenterofthebeamlike"riding"thelaserlight.Whereverthelaserbeampoints,theprojectilefliestowhereveritis,and"bites"thetargettightlyuntilithits.However,laserbeamsteeringcanonlyberealizedundertheconditionsofvisibility,soitissuitableforshort-rangecombat,andtherangeisgenerallywithin3kilometers.TheSwedishRBS-70portablemissilefallsintothiscategory.Becauseofitsextremelyhighhitrate,ithasbecomeapowerfulweaponagainstlow-altitudeaircraft.

Differentfromlaserbeamridingguidance,thelaserreceiveroflasersemi-activehomingguidanceisinstalledonthefrontoftheprojectile,andsincethetransmitterandthelasertargetindicatorcanbeerectedseparately,itcanachievealongdistanceRange.TheUS-made"Haierfa"laser-guidedmissileisatypicalrepresentativeofsemi-activelaserhomingmissiles,whicharemainlyusedtoattackgroundmilitarytargetssuchastanks,variouscombatvehicles,andradars.Usually,oneortwoshotsofthe"copperheadsnake"candestroyatank,anditseffectisequivalentto300conventionalartilleryshells;whilethe"pavedroad"isespeciallysuitableforattackingsolidtargetsanddeepundergroundfacilities.Duringthe"Storm"operation,itwasusedtoattackthehigh-levelcommandwithasolidcover30metersunderground,andachievedthedesiredeffect.

Laser guided missile

Diversity

Improvebattlefieldlethality

Sinceitsinception,laser-guidedweaponshaveshowntheirskillsinmodernwarfareandhaveattractedworldwideattention.

Theworld'smilitarypowershavesteppedupthedevelopmentoflaser-guidedweapons.Fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentoflaserguidancetechnology,itsdiversifieddevelopmenttrendisveryobvious:

Intelligence-letthelaseractivelyseek.Activeseekersarethepursuitgoalsofvariousguidedweapons.Torealizeactiveseekguidance,allguidanceequipmentexceptthelaunchermustbeinstalledonthemissiles.Thisdifficultydependsontechnologicalprogress.Inaddition,laserautomatictargetrecognitionalsoneedsfurtherbreakthroughs.Theuseofimagingseekerscanimprovetheabilitytodetectanddistinguishmultipletargets.Byidentifyingthevitalpartsofthetarget,precisestrikescanbecarriedouttoachieveintelligenthomingguidance.

Remote-increasetherangeofaction.Theguidancerangeofthesemi-activelaserhomingisgenerallyabout10kilometers.Intoday'smodernweaponcombat,thisdistanceisrelativelyclosetotheenemy,whichisverydetrimentaltothesafetyoflaseremission.Therefore,itisnecessarytoincreasetherangeoflaserguidance.

Miniaturization-reducethevolumeandweightoftheguidancesystem.Sincetheguidancesystemisapartofthewarhead,reducingthevolumeandweightofthispartisofgreatsignificance.Ithelpstoimprovethemaneuverabilityandrangeoftheguidedweapon,increasethepayloadofthewarhead,andenhancethelethalityoftheweapon.

Compositeization---focusonthedevelopmentofcompositeguidance.Multi-modecompositeguidanceisanadvancedtechnologythatcansimultaneouslyusetwoormoreguidancemethodstocompletetheguidancetaskateachstageofthemissileflight.Inmodernwarfare,duetotheever-changingbattlefieldenvironment,laser-guidedbombsareextremelysusceptibletobattlefieldsmoke,clouds,sandanddust.Inordertoimprovethereliabilityofweaponsystemsandreducetheprobabilityoffailure,itisimperativetodevelopcompositeguidance.

Inaddition,laser-guidedweaponsarestilldevelopinginthedirectionofadoptingeye-safebands,newlasercodingmethods,andstandardizationandmodularization.

AttackandDefense

Guidedcountermeasuresantagonism

Ifyoumakeasimpleanalogy,laser-guidedweaponsareequivalentto"spears",andtheircountermeasuresareequivalentIntermsof"shield",wecanseethat"spear"isaheadof"shield".Asthemilitariesofvariouscountriesdeepentheirunderstandingoflaser-guidedweapons,theconfrontationoflaser-guidedweaponshasbecomeincreasinglyfierce.

Returntotheotherbody:deceptivelaserinterference.Mostofthesemi-activelaser-guidedweaponsinservicearepulsedlaserbeamswithawavelengthof1.06μm,andthebeamcodesarepresetinadvance.Incombat,ifalasersignalequivalenttotheenemy'slaser-guidedweaponislaunchedtosuppresstheenemy'slaserreceiverorsendfalseinformation,theopponentcannotusethelaser-guidedweapon,orthemissileismisguidedandcannothittherealtarget.

Buildaprotectivebarrier:smokeinterference.Smokeinterferenceisstillanimportantcountermeasure.Itcannotonlyinterferewiththereconnaissancesystemandmaketheirradiatinghandinvisibletothetarget,butalsocanstronglyabsorb1.06μmlaser,sothatthelasersignaloflaser-guidedweaponsisblockedandlosescombateffectiveness.

"Invisible"makesit"offtarget":camouflageandinvisibility.Theuseoflaser-guidedweaponsrequiresaprocessofreconnaissanceandidentification.Ifyourtargetiscamouflagedandinvisibleinadvance,laser-guidedweaponscannotbeused.

Precautionsbeforetheyhappen:Configurelaseralarms.Configurealaserwarningsystemonyourowntarget.Laser-guidedweaponsmustirradiatelaserstothetargetduringflight.Whenthewarningdevicedetectsit,youcanimmediatelytakemeasurestomakeitlosecombateffectiveness.