Karakun Mountains
Geological landform
Karakulun Mountain is a direction between China Tibet and Kashmir (part of the Himalaya) ) Putting the large mountain range. It is also the world's second high mountain range. Northwest - southeastward, through the north of India and Pakistan.
The average sea level is more than 6,000 meters above the mountain, and there are 19 mountains over 7260 meters. 8 mountain peaks exceeded 7,500 meters, of which 4 more than 8,000 meters, the mountains usually have a sharp, steep shape, Snow peaks and huge glaciers. There are hundreds of stone tower and spikes around them.
The mountain consists of a set of parallel mountains and several tricks. Only the middle is a rock mountain. The width of this mountain is about 241 kilometers; if the most ease of extension - Tibet Plateau's Qi Mo and Banggong Mountain Area - included, the length increases from 480 km to 800 kilometers. The average sea level of the Karakun Mountain is about 6100 meters, and there are 4 mountain peaks more than 7900 meters; the highest peak K2 peak [also known as Goldwen Ositin, Dapusang] or Jogori Peak (Chogori) up to 8611 meters For the world's second peak.
Terrain is characterized by a hillside and steep hillside. The southern slope is steep, the North slope is steep and short. The shelter and the collapse (huge accumulation of bulk parasites) occupy a vast area. In the mountain canyon, the rock slope has emerged. The horizontal valley usually has a narrow, deep, steep mountain.
Kakun Mountain (20 photos)
Kakamun Mountain is a pleated system. The development of the earth structure is mainly related to the South Asian mainland to the northern displacement and collision with the European continent. The main earth construction period begins in the Cretaceous, and continue to the third disc; the mountain lifting begins to the third day, still in progress. The rock is mainly granite, lamina, crystalline slate and thousand rocks, mainly limestone and mica slabs. The southern deposition rock is often cut for granite invasion, and there are slate depends in several regions. Karakulun mountain earthquake activity is frequent, and the magnitude is even 9 or above. There is a spa distribution. The northwest side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is connected to the Pamir Plateau, Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains. The main part is on the junction of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Kashmir, the northwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is its east extension.Climate characteristics
Karakulun mountain vertical climate is obvious. For example, there are more than 3,000 meters of valleys below 3,000 meters above the Hindu River, and the annual water volume is less than 100 mm, which is a dry desert. The annual precipitation of the big ice accumulation area is 1000 mm. Winter and spring is affected by the western wind flow. There is also a certain number of precipitation in the summer, and the two obvious peaks of precipitation are formed, mainly in winter and spring. In the normal year, Karakulun Mountain has a small impact in the southwest monsoon in the Indian Ocean, but the southwest monsoon is often brought about heavy rainfall, resulting in floods and debris flow disasters. The hottest month is about 0 ° C is about 5600 meters above sea level. At the 0 ° C isomeous at 0 ° C, it is consistent with 4200 meters of contiguous high lines, and the vast mountainous area is low in the whole year. The air of the Karakun Mountainous area is thinner, and the radiation of the sun is strong, the temperature changes huge, and often has strong wind.
The climate in the mountains is mainly semi-arid and full continental climate. South slope is moist due to the influence of the monsoon from the Indian Ocean, but the North slope is extremely dry. At the bottom and middle of the hillside, the amount of rain is small; the annual average precipitation does not exceed 100 mm. In the height of more than 4877 meters, the precipitation takes the solid form, however, even if the height is reduced, the snow in June is common. At a height of about 5700 meters, the average temperature in the most warm month is less than 0 ° C, between 3900 to 5700 meters above sea level, temperature below 10 ° C. Thin air, strong solar radiation, strong wind and daily temperature difference are unique climate characteristics in this area. The extreme condition of the high sea flour will form a snowstuff. The wind that moves up to promote a wide range of wind erosion.
Glacier water system
This mountain range is especially true in a more humid south slope due to extreme high high. The South slope snow of the mountain range is 4694 meters above sea level; the glacier extends down 2896 meters. In the North slope, these numbers are 5913 meters and 3536 meters, respectively. Glacier is often combining, forming a complex glacier system, not only occupying the valleys, but also on the watershed. Glacier seasonal ablation causes serious flood in the South slope. The traces of ancient glaciers have a high degree of highness of 2591 to 2896 meters.
World, there are 8 in length in the low latitude mountain glaciers, including 6 in Karakun Mountain (Xiamen Glacier, Baltolo Glacier, Patrola Glacier Chiffare Glacier, Goron Ma Glacier, Xiaqin Glacier), the total area of the mountain range of 18,600 square kilometers.
In addition to the polar, the glaciers of this mountain range are more than anywhere in the world. The largest glacier Spa Biafu Glacier (100 kilometers long), passes through Ispaushan. It is the peak of the glacier, of which K2 peaks are also known as Joeoli, which is the world's second peak (8610 meters).
The Karakulun Mountain is a watershed in the Indian river and the Tarim River. The formation of the river, mainly in high sea level, seasonal and permanent snow and glaciers, for the main source of water. A gravel powder, known as the stone, so that the glacier is mixed with water. The stone surface of the mountain river and eroded substances also make the Indian River have the highest suspended deposit load, exceeding any other major rivers. The surface water gathered in the collapse, and it continued to water to the river in the past year. A huge ice layer is formed in winter.
Main peaks
Karakulunuul lact thousands of kilometers, showing northwest southeast, towering in the Kashmir boundaries in China Xinjiang and Pakistan. The Karakun Mountain has 19 mountains over 7260 meters. The peaks typically have a sharp, steep shape. There are hundreds of stone tower and spikes around them.
Karakulun Mountain is the world, the most developed area of Low Weaishan Yuekuan, the mountains are high, wide, and more than 7,000 meters above sea level, the glaciers are huge, and the snow line is about 5,000 meters. The peak of the mountain range is intensive, including Joeorife, which is closely arranged in the world-class peaks of more than 8,000 meters: Joeor Peak is the east side of Boopade, 8051 meters above sea level; in turn, Hmb Bush I peak, 8080 meters above sea level; Hmb Bushi II peak, 8028 meters above sea level. There are more than 8,000 meters above the world, accounting for more than 20 peaks of nearly 1 \ 37,000 meters, and Skyang Camp, 7545 meters above sea level, the West side of Spande Peak, Altitude 7385 meters; there is also Crown Peak, 7295 meters above sea level. Therefore, here is the second mountaineering center of the world's mountaineering.
Eastward from the northern part of Tibet Autonomous Region is part of China's Siwood. Town in northwest - southeast, it is about 400 kilometers in the country in the country, and its height is second only to the Himalayas, with an average altitude of more than 8,000 meters or more, located on the countryside, Joeoli Peak, 8611 meters above sea level, is The second peak of the world. Under the influence of the Karakun Mountains in the Indian Ocean, the Karakulun Mountain has become the largest mountain waters distribution center in the world, and the largest valley glaciers in China are distributed here. On the entire mountain range, the glacial area is 14,000 km2, accounting for 30% of the mountain area. Some glacier branches are simply in the upper source of many rivers. Such as Dongpo is 41.5 kilometers long, the area is 777km2, and the end of the glacier is extended to 4825 meters. The north is the source of the Yeier River; the other is the source of the Indian river tributary. The sound of the north side of the sideways are about 30 kilometers, and the ends have been extended into the source valley of the former Yeier River. When the time is returned, it will block the river into the lake. When the lake is buffered, it often causes floods.
Jogorley, the world's second peak, but in the difficulty of climbing the difficulty and death, it is far from the difficulty of climbing, the world's first peak Mount Everest, the mounting ratio of climbers is 1: 7 This is a very terrible number, so people who have gave him a lot of words "wild peaks", "no return", etc. Jogoroli is located in the middle of the Karakun Mountains. It is located at the Pakistani Tasjik County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the geographical coordinates of 76.5 degrees, 35.9 degrees north latitude. His east is 8051 meters of Blotte Peak, and 8080 meters of Hmb Bush, 8028 meters of Hmb Bush 1 peak this 3 8000 meters of extremely peak, and 7000 There are more than 20 meters above meters, and geographical resources are very rich. On July 27, 2004, China Tibet Mountaineering team successfully closed Joeyi and became the first time of Chinese Qiaofeng. He refused a woman, and only 5 women have died in the way, and some were in other peaks.
Specialty Products
Production of food agriculture and animal husbandry is the main body of local economy. Crops are limited to wheat, barley, water buckwheat and bitter buckwheat, jade, potato and beans. Fruit wood, especially apricots and walnuts, have been a source of important food. At a low slope of 2134 meters, the growth period is two cooked. In such a height, the day is warm, the night is cool, the air is clear; however, if there is no interlaced irrigation facility, the dryness of this area will make people can't cultivate. Such irrigation facilities are a feature of all residential areas.
Valley is dominated by the Central Asian Plant Region, while more European vegetation types are seen in altitude. Most types are distributed at temperatures of 3,500 to 4,000 meters above sea level. The vertical band of plants is limited to Northern slope and western slopes, which are sequentially drought in the bottom of the drought and semi-arid grassland, the Atmisia forest grassland, the wet temperate coniferous forest, the Agama birch and the ventricle and the alpine vegetation. The boundaries of the vegetation belt rose to the north, and the range of the intermediate forest belt has finally disappeared. In the temperature and humidan, from the valley to about 3,000 meters from the valley, there are pine forests, Himalayas grow, adjacent to the river, will be seen in the river. From this, it is a high mountain grassland. The animals of the Karakulun Mountain include a snow leopard, wild yak and Tibetan antelope. With wild donkey, short ear rabbit and downthone in the southern slope. Birds have sand pork chicken, Tibet Thunderbirds, 鹧鸪, 朱 鹭, white pigeons and safflower chicken, etc.
In the past, there is no hunting behavior and business behavior, causing the number of wild animals in the mountains. Marco Polo's Wan Dongpamil reproduced, then migrants to the Sikawkun Mountains. The Ladaki Oriental Sheep is distributed in the eastern mountain, while Siberian Highland Goats (both are wild goats). Brown bear, 猞猁 and snow leopard are endangered species. Pakistan Red Large (Khunjerab) National Park and adjacent China Tashkur Destinous Nature Reserve became an alpine animal shelter. In the eastern margin, 骞 骞 and several other wild-hain animals, including a few wild yaks, on the desolate plateau. Large raptor, especially the hidden vultures, 髯 髯 and gold carvings, soaring in the rising airflow in the mountain wind.
The glaciers of the Karakun Mountain are close to the economic activity of the local people. The rapid advancement of the glacier, the change of the ice float, the buffet of the glacier blocking the lake and the glacier mudslide outbreaks, which have a huge impact on mountain agriculture, animal husbandry and transportation. Such as Joagori Peak Northeast, Yeuro River has taken 6270 cubic meters per second, 4570 cubic meters per second and 4700 cubic meters per second, a large flood of 4,700 cubic meters per second, endanger downstream roads, farmland and reservoirs in 1961, 1971 and 1978. The distribution of villages is also subject to glaciers. Valley is one of the Central Asian Irrigation Districts of drought and flood protection.
Local residents
Karakun mountainous natural conditions are harsh, transient occlusion, and population is scarce. The area is about 200,000 square kilometers, only tens of thousands of people. The Tibetan Tibetan is below 4400 meters. Multi-work, plant barley, oats, corn, apricot trees, etc., and raise livestock. A few are engaged in animal husbandry, nomadic or semi-tour, livestock has yak, bull, sheep and goats, etc., or hunting. Other ethnic groups have the Bartis, Ladakh and Pulshiki, and believe in the Buddhism in Tibetan Buddhism in addition to the Pulshiki tribute to Islam.
Some people live in the village of the Karakun Mountains up to 4,500 meters. The herders of grazing yak and goats transferred from a pasture to another with livestock.
The population of the mountain range is concentrated in 3 towns - Pakistan's Kilgit and Scarbar and the Lada-Laida region (Ladaka belong to China) - and is located in the entire area Small village on stone slope or turbulent side. Most mountain residents are the Isemodi (Seven Ima) or the twelve imperimais. Tibetan Buddha (or Lama) is presented in Dallak. In northern, the dry Karakun hillside has dropped into an oasis around the China Tarim Basin and the population density is very low.
Climbing information
Best season
Best mountaineering season: May - June, the mountain, January-September climb
Climbing History
The Karakulun Mountain is the most developed high mountain range of the world, the most developed mountain range, and the Slutes are "black rock". It has a width of about 240 kilometers, with a length of 800 kilometers, with an average sea level of more than 5,500 meters. In 1933, James Hilton, British writer, came to the Husasu Valley of Pakistan. After recently, the local customs have written the "disappeared skyline" of the world: "The Karakun Mountains is the most awesome on the earth. One of the mountain landscapes, is also the place where the geologist, climbers and travelers dream of. Although some of the mountains here are the portal to Central Asia, it is also the only place of the ancient Silk Road, long-term life and In the world, it has also created Pakistan's most beautiful and moving scenery. Every snow peak here will make the climber dreams. "
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