Isotope trace technology

principle

Composition Each element of each element has the same physical properties and chemical properties, that is, radioactivity Nuclide or rare stabilitone atom, molecule, its compound, with the corresponding atoms, molecules and compounds of ordinary substances. Physical and chemical properties. Therefore, the objective world and its process changes can be tracked by radionuclide or enriched rare stabilizers. By radioactivity measurement, the distribution and variation of the substance labeled by the radionuclide can be observed; directly measured by the enriched rare stabilizer or the available mass spectrometry, and the neutron activation method can also be determined.

History

g. Hevi initially proposed isotopic trace techniques in 1912, and many isotope trace studies have been launched. Due to its pioneering contribution, Hevi won the Nobel Chemistry Award in 1943. Since the 1930s, with the discovery of heavy hydrogen isotope and artificial radioactivity, isotope trace techniques began widely used in various fields of basic science and application science.

Application

Isotope trace technology has important application value in many fields such as industrial, agriculture, biomedical.

1 application in industrial. In industrial activities, tracer atoms provide the possibility of using a variety of high-performance detection methods and production process automatic control methods, overcoming difficulties in which traditional detection methods are difficult to complete and even unpleasant. For example, the petroleum industry uses radioactive nucleus trace microspheres and other methods to measure the water absorption section, which is the assessment of the formation, adjustment of the distribution of water injection, contributing to the production of oil production and stability. Mechanical wear studies can be carried out in mechanical industries, and the mechanical wear studies can be carried out, and some other methods cannot be completed, the highest operating temperature and temperature distribution of moving parts that cannot be completed. In addition, the ⁸⁵ KR leak detecting method is also at the leak detection of mechanical industrial products, mechanical components and metal vacuum systems, and the detection of electronic industrial semiconductor devices. In the steel industry, the degree of corrosion of the blast furnace wall can be determined by isotope trace techniques. The water conservancy project can be used to detect the leakage of the dam. Application of Agriculture in

2 Agriculture. Mainly used to study fertilization methods, pathways and fertilizer effects; insecticides and hamartic agents in insects and weeds inhibition and killing; plant hormones and growth stimulators on crop metabolism and function; hormones, vitamins, trace Elements, feed and drugs on the growth and development of livestock; insect, parasite, fish and animal lifecycle, migration, mating and foraging sexuality. In addition, it is due to the application of radioisotope ¹⁴ C, resulting in the discovery of the mechanism of photosynthesis in nature.

3 Application in Biomedical. Mainly used in clinical review and medical research. Such as ² o Bi-marked glucose can be used to study the intake and consumption process of human energy; use ⁵¹ CR markup method to study The blood volume of the human body; uses the thyroid function with ¹³¹ i; use ⁵⁸ Fe to study iron deficiency anemia; use radioisotope or enriched rare earthner, The distribution, accumulation and metabolic law of rare earth elements in the biological body can be studied; glucose marked with ¹⁸ f can study cerebral blood flow and its metabolic activities. Application of

4 Environmental Studies. Isotopia trace techniques can be used to study the distribution, migration and enrichment of pollutants in various media (water circles, soil rings, large air circles, biospheres), from static and dynamic, and study pollutants' spatial characteristics. To use a long life radioactivity ³⁶ CL, the organic halogen compound is labeled, and its behavior in the environment is studied. Using enriched, stable ¹⁹⁶ hg or ²⁰² Hg, the metastasis, methylation process and its environmental effects of mercury in a large air ring, aqueous ring and biosphere . Application of Basic Science Research in

5. Isotope trace techniques have played an important role in basic research, such as physics, chemistry, biological, and geography. Typical examples, the structure of DNA is disclosed using ³² P radioisotopes, and the primary structure of RNA is disclosed, and the nucleotide sequence can be read in combination with radiation self-developing method. In addition, in the study of some major basic problems such as chemical reaction mechanism and its dynamic process, astronomical geology (dinosaur extinction and historium evolution, meteorite evolution history, etc.), isotope trace is a kind of Important application technology.