Information infrastructure

Brief introduction

China's optical fiber cable, microwave, satellite, mobile communications and other public information network infrastructure technology systems are advanced, covering a wide area, large transmission capacity, and a lot of surplus resources are available; and The existing information infrastructure of our military cannot meet the needs of encirclement and military informatization development. It is urgent to rely on national and local information infrastructure resources to solve the military's high-speed data transmission, broadband services, multimedia services and under the conditions of perfect confidentiality measures. Mobile communications and long-distance communications in the implementation of offshore missions have created a win-win situation that not only meets the needs of the military, but also maximizes the benefits of national and local information infrastructure and operational services.

Implementing the requirements of civil construction and military use in the construction of information infrastructure means that in the construction of information infrastructure (fixed and mobile facilities), in order to meet the needs of national defense and military information construction, strengthen wartime and Engineering technical measures taken in special circumstances to guarantee the capability of information infrastructure. There are two types of information infrastructure to implement civil construction and military requirements: one refers to defense projects built to ensure that information infrastructure can function in wartime and under special circumstances, including information infrastructure that mainly serves national defense construction during home construction. The second means that the construction of civil information infrastructure should take into account the needs of national defense construction, that is, the new construction, reconstruction, expansion, and manufacturing of large-scale telecommunications equipment and communication tools, such as communications and navigation that play a role in economic construction, and the construction of national defense. Requirements.

As one of the main contents of new infrastructure construction, information infrastructure includes communication network infrastructure represented by 5G, Internet of Things, industrial Internet, and satellite Internet, as well as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain. The new technology infrastructure represented by etc., the computing power infrastructure represented by the data center and the intelligent computing center, etc.

Development characteristics

(1) Broadband network is still the focus of development in various countries

Information infrastructure is the field of information technology The prerequisite and foundation for construction and application are also a manifestation of the level of informatization. With the development and innovation of information and communication technology, information infrastructure is also constantly developing in new directions. In recent years, the construction of broadband networks has been put in the first place, and high-speed broadband networks have become the goal pursued by many countries and regions. Major countries in the world have formulated national broadband strategies one after another, taking the popularization of broadband networks and the promotion of broadband applications as development goals, with particular emphasis on universal broadband services and the expansion of broadband investment in disadvantaged areas and vulnerable groups. For example, the National Broadband Plan of the United States proposes to increase the size of the existing universal service fund to $15.5 billion in the next ten years. India's "Recommendations on Promoting the National Broadband Plan" proposes to popularize broadband in rural areas in particular. At the same time, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, South Korea and other countries will also build smart grids, smart transportation and other smart infrastructure as priority strategic actions to stimulate economic revitalization i

(2) Developed and developing countries The gap between countries is obvious

Intuitively from the IDl data of ITU, on a global scale, Europe's informatization development far exceeds the world average level. The CIS countries (CIS ) And the Americas are closely followed. The IDI value of the Asia-Pacific region is close to the global average, and the ID1 value of the Arab countries is lower than the global average. In particular, the IDI value in Africa is the lowest, only 2.0, which is less than 1/3 of the average value of the European region and only half of the average value of Arab countries.

Specifically, Europe not only has the highest IDI value at the regional level, but it is also relatively evenly distributed throughout the region. Between 2011 and 2012, the digital divide within Europe is shrinking. At the same time, due to the diversity of development and income levels in the Asia-Pacific and Americas regions, there are great differences in informatization development, but the digital divide within these regions is also shrinking. The differences in informatization development in Africa, the Arab countries, and the Commonwealth of Independent States have significantly increased. The digital divide within the African region is widening. Seychelles, Mauritius, and South Africa, which rank at the top of IDI in Africa, continue to maintain their advantages in informatization development, while the Central African Republic and Burkina Faso ranked last. , Guinea and Ethiopia are lagging behind both in the African region and at the global level.

(3) New applications of cloud computing and mobile Internet drive infrastructure upgrades

High-speed networks are playing an increasingly important role in new services and applications. The integration of cloud computing, mobile devices and broadband is changing the way enterprises and governments process computing resources and the way people perceive and use computer technology: the emergence of tablet computers and smartphones makes mobile terminals ubiquitous, and cloud services and Mobile Internet makes Internet access easier. At the same time, the division of network traffic is constantly evolving. Traditional media broadcasting services are transitioning to Internet TV, mobile audio and video streaming media. According to Cisco’s data, global Internet video traffic in 2010 surpassed global peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic, and the latter has been dominant in network traffic for the past ten years: by 2012, Internet video traffic will account for the Internet. Over 50% of consumption traffic, the proportion of video traffic in Internet traffic will rise from 40% in 2010 to 50% at the end of 2012, and it will rise to 62% in 2015.

Information Infrastructure Protection

For any country, the survival of today’s industrialized world is inseparable from the interaction of power, communications, and computers. Especially developed countries rely heavily on critical infrastructure, which is extremely vulnerable to traditional physical damage and emerging virtual threats. The vulnerability of these infrastructures is accompanied by an increase in interdependence. Since most critical infrastructures are either built on fragile network systems or are monitored and controlled by network information systems, network infrastructure has become a new focus of protection strategies. The part of the global or national information infrastructure that maintains the continuous operation of critical infrastructure services is called critical information infrastructure (CIIP). The scope of CIP is wider than CIIP, and CIIP is the basic component of CIP. The obvious difference between these two concepts is: CIP involves all key sectors of a country’s infrastructure, while CIIP is only a branch of the overall protection work, because it focuses on protecting critical information infrastructure. Generally speaking, CIIP is An integral part of global or national information infrastructure. It is an indispensable element to ensure the continuous operation of a country's critical infrastructure services. ClIP largely constitutes the information and telecommunications sector in South Africa, but it does not only include the information and telecommunications sector. It also includes components such as telecommunications, computer/software, the Internet, satellites, and fiber optics. The reason why ClIP protection is particularly important. There are two main reasons: first, they play an inestimable and increasingly important role in the economic sector; second, they act as a link between the infrastructure sector and the basic requirements to ensure that other infrastructures operate at all times The role of the channel.

About the above point of view. It can be understood from the following points: First, the system characteristics of emerging information infrastructure are fundamentally different from traditional systems-they are different from the latter in terms of scale, connectivity, and dependence. This means that new analytical techniques and methods are needed to understand them. Secondly, because cyber threats are developing rapidly in terms of nature and destructive power, protective measures must be continuously improved in technology, and new methods must be constantly acquired. In addition, there are several types of drivers that may further aggravate the CIIP problem in the future. These factors include the effects of market forces, technological developments, and new risks. On the other hand, countries are facing the dynamic process of information service globalization, and this globalization is combined with technological innovation. It will increase dynamic connections, resulting in system behaviors that are incomprehensible, as well as vulnerabilities that have not yet been recognized.

my country's information infrastructure construction

development history

On November 28, 2017, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "About the Organization and Implementation of the 2018 New Generation Information Infrastructure "Notice on Construction Projects", the notice pointed out that speeding up the implementation of the "Broadband China" strategy will effectively support the development of a network power, the construction of a digital China, and the development of a digital economy.

Key projects include:

"100M Rural" demonstration and supporting supporting projects. Focus on the central and western regions, regions with reference to the implementation of relevant policies in the central and western regions, and pilot areas for network poverty alleviation, build a "100M rural" demonstration network, and improve the penetration and access capabilities of fiber optic broadband in towns and below areas. The expansion of metro transmission network and IP metropolitan area network provides support for improving the access speed and popularization level of broadband users in rural areas. The project implementation area is selected based on the county (district, city), and all administrative villages in the area are required to have optical fiber access, the rural broadband access capacity can reach 12Mbps, and the rural fiber-to-the-home users account for more than 50%.

5G scale network construction and application demonstration project. Focus on municipalities, provincial capitals, and major cities in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions to develop 5G-scale network construction. The 5G network should cover at least complex urban areas and indoor environments, forming continuous coverage, and realizing end-to-end application demonstrations in typical application scenarios.

The first phase of the construction of the national wide-area quantum secure communications backbone network. Based on quantum secret communication "Beijing-Shanghai Mainline" and "Mozi" quantum scientific experimental satellites, in response to national strategic needs and sustainable operation requirements, construct quantum secrecy in key areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Economic Belt Communication backbone network and metropolitan area network, and build satellite ground stations in several areas to form a quantum secure communication backbone ring network. At the same time, the establishment of a quantum secure communication network operation service system will further promote its application in the field of information and communication, government affairs, finance, power and other industries.

The "Notice on Organizing and Implementing the 2019 New Generation Information Infrastructure Construction Project" issued by the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission and the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on December 11, 2018 pointed out that to solve the uneven development of my country's information infrastructure Sufficient problems, the overall principle is to highlight the key points, focus on major projects of the information infrastructure network that are global, basic, and strategic, and focus on key directions and key links.

Key points of support: Facing the central and western regions and northeast regions, organize and implement basic network improvement projects for small and medium-sized cities. New construction and expansion of IP metropolitan area network node equipment, construction and expansion of optical cables, communication poles/pipes, and optical transmission equipment between counties and towns, prefectures and counties, to provide support for improving the access rate and popularization of broadband users in rural areas .

Indicator requirements: First, there are no less than 20 counties (districts, cities, and banners) in the implementation area of ​​a single province and city; Incoming capacity reaches 100Mbps, and more than 50% of broadband users can open services above 50Mbps; third, the county has more than 2 service exit nodes, and there are more than 2 optical cable routes from county to prefecture; fourth is the average of counties to prefectures and towns to counties The uplink bandwidth has reached 50Gbps and 10Gbps respectively; the fifth is to provide network access conditions for broadband network coverage in counties, towns and surrounding rural areas (including administrative villages and natural villages), and provide infrastructure support.

The "Notice" puts forward the requirement that the total investment of a single project should not be less than 100 million yuan. The subsidy funds in the central budget are arranged in three levels: 150 million yuan, 100 million yuan, and 50 million yuan.

On August 26, 2020, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice on the issuance of the Guidelines for the Issuance of Special Corporate Bonds for the New Urbanization Construction of County Towns. In terms of supporting new infrastructure in counties, the guidelines propose to support new generation information infrastructure construction projects, including the construction of 5G networks, the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles, and the expansion of backbone networks. Support the digital transformation project of municipal public facilities, including the transformation of terminal systems in the fields of transportation, public security, water, electricity and heat.

Changes in meaning

Information infrastructure has long existed, but it was only emphasized when discussing informatization construction before, and it was not included in the scope of infrastructure. Now, informatization has increasingly become an important basic condition for carrying national economic and social development, so information infrastructure has naturally become an important part of national infrastructure. On the one hand, traditional infrastructure has become saturated, and it is necessary to avoid redundant construction leading to economic structural imbalance; on the other hand, the marginal utility of traditional infrastructure is rapidly declining, and new economic growth points are urgently needed. The information infrastructure that can support the development of the industry in the direction of networking, digitization, and intelligence is the focus of my country's new round of infrastructure construction.

Accelerating information infrastructure is in line with the strategic deployment of my country's infrastructure to make up for its shortcomings, and it is also in line with the globalization technology to redefine the development opportunity period of division of labor. More importantly, my country will also take this opportunity to seize the commanding heights of the development of emerging industries.

Construction status

On August 27, 2020, China Electronics Technology initiated the establishment of the "New Generation Information Infrastructure Ecological Alliance", which aims to focus on breakthroughs in core components and materials, Chips, basic software and hardware, cloud, big data, artificial intelligence, network security and other major core technologies will be deployed in the construction of a new generation of information infrastructure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, the Yangtze River Delta, and central and western regions.

The "Blue Book of China Electric Technology's New Generation Information Infrastructure" released by China Electronics Technology mentioned that the new generation of information infrastructure is based on the perception, transmission, connection, and processing of data, and provides data products and The infrastructure of intelligent services is the key support for building a network power, a digital China, and a smart society. Among them, "things, data, and intelligence" are the essence of the new generation of information infrastructure, and "network center, information dominance, and system support" are the characteristics of the new generation of information infrastructure.