In the front

1. Synaptic:

refers to a portion of a neuronal axis or a portion that is in contact with other neurons. Synary can be divided into three categories: 1 axons are in contact with cells; 2 axons are in contact with dendrites; 3 axons are in contact with axons. Synaptic has a special structure. A neuron's axis is first divided into many small branches, and each small branch is expanded into a spherical shape, referred to as a synaptic small body, attached to the lower neuron of the cell body or protruding surface. The surface of the contact is spaced from the film, and the axial membrane is referred to as a protrusion film, and the cell membrane or protruding film corresponding to the pre-synaptic film is referred to as a synaptic film, and the two films are a synaptic gap. A synaptic is composed of a synaptic front film, a synaptic film, and a synaptic gap. There is a large mitochondrial and a large amount of vesicle (synaptic bulb) in the axis of the synaptic small body, and the synaptic sputum contains high concentrations of proposal. When the nerve impulse of pre-synaptic neurons is transmitted to the tip of the shaft, it causes the synaptic sputum release of the bubble release, and after the binding of the synaptic post-film receptor, the rear film to Na, K, and Cl Sex, especially the permeability of Na, causes a partial decomposition of the film after the synaptic film, which is called the excitatory synaptic potential. The local potential cannot produce a conductive action potential, and only the electrical change is always reached to the threshold potential level, it can cause the synaptic neurons to generate an action potential, conductive along the nerve fiber, and the neuron is excited. So the role of synapses is mainly transmitted.

II, Synaptic Bubble

(1) Classification:

1. Spherical Small Bubble:

diameter about 20 ~ 60 nm The small bubbles are clear, including excitatory neurotransmitter, such as acetylcholine;

2. Granules:

of the small bubble containing a high electron density dense particle, according to its particles The size can be divided into two types: small particles of small bubbles are about 30 to 60 nm, usually amide neurotransmitter such as adrenaline, norepinephrine, etc .; large particles can reach 80 ~ 200 nm, the nerve contained Additions of 5-hydroxyamine or cerebral peptide;

3. Flat speech bubble:

Small blade is about 50 nm, is flat, including inhibitory Neurotransmitter, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, etc.

(2) formation:

The various neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cell body to form small bubbles, and transported through the rapid direction of the axon to the axonal end. New studies have found that there are two or more neurotransmissions in the center and surrounding nervous systems, and there are two or more synaptic small bubbles in two or more different forms in the synaptic small body. Such as nerve cells in the sympathetic god, there is choline and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The former dominates sweat admine; the latter acts on the vascular smooth muscle around the gland to relax, increase the local blood flow. The physiological functions coexisting in neurotransmitters are coordinated to complete the role of neurological activity, making neurological adjustments more accurate and coordinated. Many facts show that the cost of coexistence is not an individual phenomenon, but a universal law, there are many new coexistence and new coexistence sites have been confirmed. Many of them are non-peptide (choline, monoamines, amino acids) and peptide proposals coexist.

(3) Packaging, storage, and release of the proposal:

It is known that three proteins such as synaptic, synaptic, and venom-related membrane proteins are related. Synaptin is a binding protein in synaptic speech bubbles. When the stimulant reaches the synaptic, the CA internal flow suddenly increases with this protein, which may spit an important role in spun of synaptic small bubbles. Saeve is the phosphate of neuronal cells, and there is a role in regulating neurotransmitter release, and the synaptin is involved in the introduction of small and bright, the release of transportation and neurotransmitters. When the absence of the protrusion film, the synaptin is separated from VAMP, which promotes the fusion of the synaptic vulplate and the pre-synaptic film, thereby causing the CA-dependent delivery in the vesicle. Release. Small blister associated membrane protein (VAMP) is a structural protein in which a small bubble film may have an important role in synaptic small bubble metabolism.