Humanistic thinking

Renaissance

The core idea of ​​humanism in the Renaissance is: against the medieval gods to raise gods, degrading people's point of view, emphasizing people's valuable; against the theology of abstinence and future concept Advocate people's pursuit of real life; oppose religious constraints and feudal rating concepts, pursuing people's personal liberation and freedom; against the medieval obscuism, advocating people's experience and rationality; advocating human awareness, conquering nature, to benefit life .

Humanities

1. Refers to the various cultural phenomena of human society: humanistic science human landscape

2. It is emphasized that people-oriented, respect the value of people, Thoughts on the interests of people.

Humanities, first is a kind of ideology, a concept, and a system, a law. Humanistic thinking is the theoretical basis of the human system, and the human system is the realization of humanistic thoughts, the institutionalization of humanistic thoughts, and legalization.

Humanistic spirit: A principal-oriented, emphasis on the value of people, respecting people's dignity and rights, caring for people's real life, pursuing people's freedom, equality and liberation of ideological behavior.

Humanities

Humanities science: Originally refers to the learning of the same human interests of theology, and later refers to the science of the study of social phenomena and cultural art.

Humanism

Western humanism : The main thoughts of European Renaissance, opposing religious doctrines and philosophy of academic education, advocating academic research, advocates Ideological freedom and personal liberation, affirmative people are the center of the world. It is the advanced idea of ​​capitalist sprouting period, but lacks a wide range of democratic foundations, there is a lot of limitations.

Oriental humanism : Confucianism is the important layofite of Eastern humanism, which is the mainstream of Chinese humanism since more than two thousand years. It is not religion. It has religious factors, or there is religious, so it can be called religious humanism, but it cannot be called humanistic religion. It is not only a kind of theory about philosophical, ethical, social, political, etc., but also a kind of life, a family of beliefs, and thus can replace religion in daily life.

Chinese contemporary a number of new realist writers represented by three times are active in the literary world, and the work is more realistic, reflecting the society and family ethics, deeply interpretation of new era, new political and economic environment The social relationships and social changes occurred in a subtle transformation, with a strong humanistic color, attach importance to tradition, respecting humanity, reflecting humanistic care, fear the day, and great efforts to promote the soul of belief in building a benign social order.

Humanitarian

Humanitarian : It originated from a thought system in European Renaissance. Advocate care, respect people, people-centered world view. During the French bourgeois revolution, it was specific to "freedom" "equality" "fraternity" and other slogans. It has been an anti-feudal active role during the bourgeois revolution.

is also people-oriented, respecting everyone's thoughts, making thoughts diversified rather than single.

The birth of human rights and legalization of human rights, internationalization of human rights law, is a true symbol of humanities, is the fundamental guarantee for humanistic thinking.

Human bits

first, "humanistic concept", "human sense". People are the center of society, people are the scale of society, "this place", standard, people are measuring all standards. From the king as the standard, it is a great revolution of the human society from "本" to "people" is a great revolution in human society. It is a great change in human values. It is John "Lock to seek social law. The first great The discovery. Change the standard, is a great person.

John "Locke used the" Government Theory "throughout the upper, the ink in the ink, with a detailed fact, sharp logic, Breaking the traditional concept of human beings for thousands of years: "Jun Quan Shen". Just like Copeni, Newton puts upside down "The Constimation", established "Da Ke", Rocke reversed the reversed "本" and established the great school of "humanism". Since then, the core content of modern human thoughts is established.

Locke breaks "Jun this", build "human rights", the sharp weapon of human rights thought, is rational. Lockebi Newton is a big ten years old, but he is a good friend of Newton, and it is impossed. He is deeply affected by Newton's thoughts. Newton is a collection of modern science, the birth of modern science, providing human beings with a new idea: regular meaning and rational thinking. Rock thinks that nature is so regular, orderly, is human society also have its own laws? "Humanism" is the first great discovery of him to study the law of human society.

This shows that Rock has a bridge between science and humanities. Science provides a rational weapon for humanities, and humanities provide development direction: scientific is always blessing in humans, rather than harm humans.

Personal Concept

Second, "Personal Concept", that is, recognizing and respecting personal philosophical concepts, is against "kingism" or "位 位". The kings, whether ancient or modern kings, always fight the "national" "The World" "Organization" "Collective". Therefore, "personal concept" is also for authoritarianism. It is the right to protect individuals, oppose autocracy, especially against autocraticism, using the name "country", "collective", and organize personal violations. Here, for specialistism, the individual is sacred, great, is not inviolable. In the eyes of John, "Human Rights" includes three related basic ideas: First, human rights refers to individual rights. The second is that human rights are indiscriminated by the right to life, freedom and property rights. " It is not separable ", that is, three rights can not be less, only to survive the right, do not talk freely, do not become an animal protection law, third, human rights is irreplaceable, it is also an indispensable, belonging to personal own Rights, and it is the right to born.

Human rights is talent, it is native, is born. And the government's right is to protect better Your own human rights, voluntarily, the award, the day after tomorrow, and if the people think it is necessary, if the human rights can't protect this government protection, you can pay back the government at any time. "Personal concept" is fundamentally, Personal life, freedom and property rights, and this right can be protected, is measuring everything, including organizational, society, especially the government's fundamental. That is light, it is true, in some countries, It is reversed. So, personal rights are often deprived, but also mistakenly think that it is "Gu Quan Lecture", "Sacrifice I", is "morality". Result, represent "big,", "big My "government, government officials can go to the emperor," representative "the interests of others. As a result, the corruption is breeze, the people are in peace.

" personal concept "is simple, it is personal He is more important than the government, and human rights is greater than sovereign. "" Personal Concept is the second great discovery of John Rock. Need to enlighten an enlightenment education.

Respect for individuals, first referring to national, governments, those who have power, respect individuals. Significant institutions respect the powerless individuals, this is the base point of humanities, is also the base point of democratic politics. At the same time, respect personal is respectful "Everyone". As an individual, you must respect yourself, but also respect others, only respect others can respect yours, and only respect yourself can respect others. Because of respect for individuals, anyone will never harm the personal interests of others. "Personal Concept" is a sacred, great philosophical concept. "Personal Concept" is a great weapon for the struggle with authoritarianism, so it is not allowed for authoritarianism. At the same time, "personal concept" is also the source of morality. Therefore, countries that advocate personal concepts, but morality is better than advocating collectivism. Because "personal concept" tells people that they have personal interests, they must be strong to protect their personal interests, not to violate others; the same, others - and their own interests, so, at any time, never damage The personal interests of others. So, "protect yourself, do not harm others", form a social power, the moral foundation of society.

Free concept

third, "Free Concept", "the" The only purpose of the government is to protect individuals to create wealth and enjoy the freedom of happiness. " Also, or, first, for the government, it is a mechanism for power. Human rights is the only day, fundamental rights. The government's power is given by voters, the only purpose is to protect people's freedom. When the people 's freedom is not protected, the government's power should be canceled, so the "humanistic position", people, people's freedom is the standard of measuring everything. "The life is very valuable, the love price is higher, if it is free, both can be thrown", in people's rights, freedom is the most precious, and the first is important. "Free Concept", first of all, in terms of the government, the only tenet of the government is to protect people's freedom. What kind of government can protect people's freedom? John Rock and its later successors further pointed out that only the government of the people, only the government discrete, only the government implemented government, only the government implemented the freedom government, is "Elective System", " The democratic government of "Right", "rotation system", "press free system" can become a government that protects people's freedom.

John Lock's greatness is that not only the great concept is put forward, but it has further proposed a system guarantee for this concept. Their greatness is still in the new concept of governance society: it is not The slogan is not relying on the law, but relying on the system, relying on a system of mutual constraints, relying on a party that people can truly restrict the government.

Evaluation

"Free Concept", but also refers to the freedom of "everyone", only respects the freedom of others, can have their own freedom, strive for their freedom, never damage The freedom of others. How to identify, determine whether it is damaged the freedom of others? Humans find a best way: formulate rules. Develop rules for protecting people's freedom for the purpose. This is the basic concept of modern legal system, the rules are to protect people's freedom. So, as an individual, violation of the rules is to harm the freedom of others, and they need to pay the price and be punished. As an individual, compliance with the rules is to respect the freedom of others and respect your freedom. Therefore, the awareness of rules has become the basic row of free national nationals. Therefore, liberalism is neither like some people, for what they want, can't be unable.