Housing security system

Housingclassification

Housingprovidentfundsystem

Housingprovidentfundsystemanditsdevelopment

Thehousingprovidentfundsystemwasoriginallyaneconomicallydevelopedcountrytosolvelow-incomefamiliesAmatureexperienceofhousingissues,andonceplayedahugeroleasapolicy-basedhousingfinanceinpractice.Itsessenceisaformofsocialself-helpsupportedbythestate,throughfinancialmutualassistance,inthewayofdepositingprovidentfunds,enhancingthepaymentabilityoftheemployeeswhohavedepositedfundstopurchasehouses.

mycountry’shousingprovidentfundsystemisapolicyfinancingchannelforthegovernmenttosolvethehousingproblemofemployees’families.Thehousingprovidentfundispaidmonthlybystateagencies,publicinstitutions,variousenterprises,socialorganizations,andprivatenon-enterpriseunitsandtheiremployeesinaccordancewithacertainpercentageoftheirwages,andisownedbytheindividualemployees.Thehousingprovidentfundisstoredinaspecialaccount,whichisspeciallyusedforemployeestopurchase,build,andoverhaulself-occupiedhouses,andcanprovidehousingloanstoindividualemployees,whichhasthecharacteristicsofobligation,mutualassistanceandsecurity.Accordingtoregulations,housingprovidentfundscanenjoytaxpoliciesincludingcorporatecostsandexemptionofpersonalincometax.Depositandloaninterestratesareimplementedwiththeprincipleoflowinputandlowoutput,whichfullyreflectsthepreferentialpolicies.

In1994,thehousingprovidentfundsystemwasfullyimplementedinmycountry'scitiesandtowns.In1999,mycountrypromulgatedthe"HousingProvidentFundManagementRegulations"andreissueditin2002,sothatthehousingprovidentfundsystemwasgraduallybroughtintothetrackoflegalizationandstandardization.Atpresent,amanagementsystemhasbeenbasicallyestablishedbythehousingprovidentfundmanagementcommitteefordecision-making,housingprovidentfundmanagementcenteroperation,bankaccountstorage,andfinancialsupervision.

Asoftheendof2003,thenumberofemployeesinmycountry’shousingprovidentfundhasreached60.45million,withatotalaccumulationof556.3billionyuaninprovidentfunds,174.3billionyuaninexpendituresforpurchasingandconstructionofhousesandretirement,and234.3billionpersonalhousingloansissued.Yuan,supported3.27millionhouseholdsofworkerstopurchaseandbuildhouses,whichplayedanimportantroleinimprovingthehousingconditionsofhouseholds(datasource:"China'sSocialSecurityStatusandPolicyWhitePaper·HousingSecurity").Relevantstatisticsshowthatbytheendof2004,thenationalhousingprovidentfundcoverageratereached58%,thenumberofworkersinmycountry’shousingprovidentfundreached61.38million,theaccumulatedaccumulationfundwas740billionyuan,thecumulativepersonalhousingloanwas340.4billionyuan,andthetotalsupportwas4.34million.Householdsofemployeeshavepurchasedandbuilthouses.

Housingprovidentmetalinpolicy-basedhousingfinanceisanimportantpartofmycountry'shousingsecuritysystem,anditscharacteristicistodirectlyusefinancialmeanstosupportthemajorityofurbanemployeestosolvehousingproblemsinthemarket.Judgingfrompracticalexperience,theprovidentfundsystemplaysahugeroleinsupportingthesettlementoflow-incomefamilies’housing.Theimplementationofthehousingprovidentfundsystemnotonlysatisfiesandimprovedthehousingconditionsofsomelow-incomefamilies,atthesametime,thevalue-addedincomeofthehousingprovidentfundhasalsobecomethemainsourceoflow-renthousingconstructionfunds,whichstronglysupportstheconstructionoflow-renthousing.However,mycountry’shousingprovidentfundwasestablishedafterthereformoftheurbanhousingsystem,anditisnecessarytograduallyimprovetherelevantsystemsinpracticeandexplorationtoensurethatitcangivefullplaytoitsdueroleinpolicy-basedhousingfinance.

Restrictionsonthesafetyandutilizationrateofthehousingprovidentfund

Althoughthehousingprovidentfundsystemcontributestotheconstructionofthehousingsecuritysystem,thereformoftheurbanhousingsystem,thepromotionofhousingconsumptionandtheimprovementofthelivingconditionsofemployees,etc.Outstandingcontribution.However,withthecontinuousdeepeninganddevelopmentofthehousingprovidentfundsystem,manyshortcomingshavebeenexposedinthemanagementofthehousingprovidentfund,orthemanagementsystemitselfisinsufficient,orthemanagementsystemlacksuniformity,orthesupervisionsystemismulti-faceted.Thishindersthehealthyandrapiddevelopmentofthehousingprovidentfundsystem.

Thesafetyoftheprovidentfundismainlyreflectedintheproblemsofinternalcontrolandexternalsupervision.Inrecentyears,thecorruptionoftheprovidentfundhasbeenembezzledandembezzledasevidence.Inaddition,theinvestmentsafetyofprovidentfundisalsoanissuethatcannotbeignored.

Thehousingprovidentfundisthefundsforthejointdecision-makingofthemanagementcommitteecomposedofallparties,theoperationofthehousingprovidentfundmanagementcenter,thebankaccountstorage,andthefinancialsupervision.Accordingtotheprovisionsoftheprovidentfundmanagementregulations,theprovidentfundmanagementcenteristheagentofthedepositortoperformmanagementduties.Althoughthemanagementorganizationandsupervisionmechanismarerelativelysound,therearestillproblemsofineffectivesupervisioninactualimplementation.Somemanagementcommitteesaremereformalitiesandcannotfullyplayadecision-makingroleinmajormatters.Relyingonthepersoninchargeofthemanagementcentertocarryouthugecapitaloperationsisnotonlyabigresponsibility,butalsoabigrisk.Atthesametime,thehousingprovidentfundmanagementcenterreportstheuseoffundstothefinancialdepartmenteveryyear.Infact,itisonlystaticsupervisionanditisdifficulttofullyplayasupervisoryrole.Thebankcustodyalsoallocatesfundsaccordingtotherequirementsofthemanagementcenter,andlacksrealmanagementfunctions.Therefore,theinabilitytoeffectivelyexercisethesupervisorypoweratthesamelevelisthemainreasonforthelackofsupervision.Inaddition,duetothehighrisksinthefinancialmarket,evenifgovernmentbondsarepurchasedinaccordancewithregulations,theoperatingefficiencyofthecustodianinstitutionandtheriskofthepurchaseofgovernmentbonds,etc.,resultintheunexpectedrecoveryofthevalue-addedincomeoftheprovidentfund,whichalsocausespartoftheprovidentfundtofacehugerisks.possible.

Theutilizationrateofhousingprovidentfundreflectsthedegreeofdevelopmentoftherealestateindustryinacity.Inrecentyears,theutilizationrateofhousingprovidentfundinmycountryhasbeenhoveringaround50%,andthereisalsoasignificantgapbetweenregions.

Analysisshowsthatthemainfactorsthataffecttheprovidentfundtogivefullplaytoitspolicy-basedhousingfinanceroleareasfollows:First,theconsumerawarenessisrelativelybackward,andtheyarenotaccustomedtoearlyconsumption,resultingintheprovidentfundbeingsavedandnotused.Secondly,themanagementcenterlacksastrongsenseofmarketcompetition,weakmarketpromotion,lowefficiencyofprovidentfundservices,complicatedloanprocedures,andalongtimeforgrantingloans.Developmentcompaniesaremorewillingtocooperatewithcommercialbanks,squeezingthemarketshareofprovidentfundloans..Third,theloaninterestrategapbetweenthehousingprovidentfundandcommercialbanksisrelativelysmall,anditislimitedbythequota,andtheadvantagesembodiedinpolicy-basedhousingfinancearenotobvious.Fourth,thecirculationrestrictionsofhousingprovidentfundshavecausedthesupplyofprovidentfundsinsomeareastobeinshortsupply.Itisnecessarytostrictlycontroltheloanquota,whilesomeareasarelargelyidleanduseefficiencyisnothigh,whichgreatlyaffectsthevalue-addedspace.Fifth,whenapplyingforprovidentfundloans,someareashaveadditionalconditions,whicharenotaslooseascommercialloans.Sixth,theuseofprovidentfundismainlyusedtopurchasehousing,butitisrarelyusedinself-builtandmaintenanceprojects.Moreover,itcanonlybeusedforpurchaseandcannotbeusedforleasing.Asaresult,familieswhocannotaffordahousecannotenjoythehousingprovidentfundforalongtime.Atthesametime,therelativelylowdepositsandlowloansessentiallymakelow-incomefamiliesbearinterestlosses.

Discussionontheoptimizationofthehousingprovidentfundsystem

Throughtheaboveanalysisofthehousingprovidentfund,itisnotdifficulttoseethatinstitutionalinnovationandstrengtheningsupervisionareimportantaspectsofoptimizingandimprovingtheprovidentfundsystem.Correspondingly,Thesystemoptimizationisdiscussedfromthefollowingpoints:

First,strengthensupervisionandensuresafety.Strengthentheactualpowersandresponsibilitiesofthemanagementcommittee.Thelistofthemanagementcommitteemustbeannouncedtothepublicandsubjecttosupervision,theflowoffundsmustbeapprovedbythemanagementcommittee,andthefinancialsituationmustbereportedtothemanagementcommitteeandthefinancialdepartmentinatimelymanner.Atthesametime,ifthereisaproblemwiththeprovidentfund,themembersofthemanagementcommitteeshallbearjointandseveralliabilities.

Second,strengtheninformationexchange,unifiednetworksupervision,anddynamicsupervisionbythecompetentdepartmentandthePeople’sBankofChina.Establishanetworkeddynamicsupervisionsystembetweenthefinanceandthehigher-levelcompetentdepartmentstokeepabreastofcollection,use,andotherflows.Coordinatetheuseoffundsbetweenregions,changethecurrentstatusofdivision,lettheprovidentfundcirculate,makegooduseoftheprovidentfund,andimprovetheefficiencyofuse.

Third,expandthedirectionofuse.Inadditiontohousepurchases,self-constructionandmaintenance,supportforlow-andmiddle-incomefamiliesshouldalsobeincreased,includingmonthlyandannualpaymentofhouserents.

Fourth,lowerinterestrates.Providentfundloansarepolicy-basedfinance,withaprotectivenature,andshouldnotbeadjustedfrequentlyalongwithcommercialloaninterestrates.Lowertheprovidentfundloaninterestrateorimplementadifferentialinterestrate,andprovidemorefavorableloaninterestratesforlow-incomefamilieswhopurchaseself-occupied,small-sized,andlow-costhousing.Atthesametime,innovateandenrichthetypesofloans,sothattheycangivefullplaytotheroleofpolicyandguaranteefinance.

Fifth,simplifyloanproceduresandimproveservicelevels.Improvetheoperatingefficiencyandservicelevelofthehousingprovidentfund,strengthenpublicity,andactivelycooperatewithdevelopmentcompaniestomakegooduseofthehousingprovidentfund.

Sixth,timelyandreasonableadjustmentofloanlines.Localitiesshouldadjusttheloanceilinginatimelyandreasonablemannerinaccordancewiththesocialandeconomicdevelopment,theimprovementofpeople'slivingstandardsandthedevelopmentandchangesoftherealestatemarket,sothatprovidentfundloanscanmeetthehousingneedsoflow-incomefamilies.

Affordablehousingsystem

Affordablehousingsystemanditsdevelopment

Chinabegantodeterminethedevelopmentofaffordablehousingin1998.Affordablehousingisanimportantpartofmycountry’shousingsecuritysystem.Accordingtothe“AdministrativeMeasuresforAffordableHousing”issuedbytheMinistryofConstructionin2004,affordablehousingrefersto“thegovernmentprovidespreferentialpoliciesthatlimitconstructionstandards,supplytargets,andsalesprices.,Policy-basedcommercialhousingwithaguaranteeproperty."Itcanbeseenthataffordablehousinghastwomaincharacteristics:oneisthesecurityofaffordablehousingasapolicy-basedhousing,whichisthemaindifferencefrommarket-orientedcommercialhousing;theotheristhatthegovernmentprovidespreferentialtreatmentfortheconstructionofaffordablehousingPolicymeasures,suchastaxreductionandexemption,exemptionoflandtransferfees,etc.,correspondtorestrictionsonconstructionstandards,supplyobjects,andsalesprices.

Theintroductionofaffordablehousingpoliciesandthegrantingofvariouspreferentialpoliciesandmeasuresaretheembodimentofthegovernment’spolicytoprotecttherightofresidenceoflow-andmiddle-incomefamilies.Duetothelowincomelevelofurbanlow-incomefamilies,itisdifficulttosolvethehousingproblemcompletelybyrelyingonmarket-orientedmeans,whichleadstothephenomenonofslumsinthecityandaffectsthestabilityanddevelopmentoftheentirecity.Theaffordablehousingsystemhasmadeanindeliblecontributiontotherealizationof"homeownership"forthemajorityoflow-incomefamilies.Statisticsshowthatfrom1997to2004,thetotalinvestmentineconomicallyaffordablehousinginmycountryreached385.285billionyuan,whichaccountedfor11.1%oftherealestatedevelopmentinvestmentinthesameperiod.Inthefiveyearsfrom1999to2003,thenumberofcompletedunitsofeconomicallyaffordablehousinginmycountryreached268,000,accountingfor22.1%ofthenumberofcompletedhousingunitsinthesameperiod.From1999to2004,thenationalsalesareaof​​affordablehousingreached218millionsquaremeters,accountingfor15.9%oftheresidentialsalesareainthesameperiod.

Analysisoftheprosandconsoftheaffordablehousingsystem

Affordablehousinghasgonethroughmorethantenyearsinthecourseofhousingreform.Theoriginalintentionofthepolicyistohelplow-andmiddle-incomefamiliessolvethehousingproblem.Inordertosupporttheconstructionofaffordablehousing,thestateprovidesforexemptionoflandtransferfeesandreductionsandexemptionsofanumberoftaxesandfeesforaffordablehousingprojects.Atthesametime,localgovernmentsarealsosupportingtheformulationofpoliciesandmeasures.Affordablehousinghaseffectivelysolvedthehousingproblemoflow-andmiddle-incomegroupsonalargescale,anditscontributionisalsohuge.

Itistruethat,asanimportantaspectoftheaffordablehousingsystem,theaffordablehousingsystemhasplayedamajorroleinsolvingthehousingproblemofurbanlow-incomefamilies.Concernedissues,andtheseissueshavearousedstrongconcernfromfunctionaldepartments,scholarsandallwalksoflife,andeventhedisputeaboutthecancellationorretentionofaffordablehousinghasoncebecomethefocusofsocialdebate,andthereisnoagreementonthedevelopmentprospectsofaffordablehousing.Fromtheactualoperationpointofview,themainproblemsofaffordablehousingare:

Thelargesizeoftheapartmentandthetrendofgentrificationhavecausedthetotalpriceofthehousetobehigh,thusrestrictingtheconsumptionoftherealmiddleandlow-incomeclass.Thepoormanagementofthesalesprocessledtothepurchaseofaffordablehousingbysomegroupswhowerenotqualifiedtopurchase,whichgreatlyreducedthepolicypurposeofsubsidizingthelow-andmiddle-incomegroups.Subsidiesandpublicresourcesflowtonon-targetobjects,andtheyalsoprovideopportunitiesforpowerrent-seeking.Theyear-on-yeardeclineininvestmenthasmadethesupplyofaffordablehousingscarce,causingacertaindegreeofmarketdisorder.Thereisinformationasymmetryamongdevelopers,supervisiondepartments,andbuyers.Inordertoreduceconstructioncostsandpursueprofits,developersusuallyincreasetheplotratiobyincreasingtheplotratio,andthequalityofthehousecannotbeeffectivelyguaranteed;inaddition,comparedwiththefullsenseofcommercialhousing,Therearegreatdifferencesinthepricecompositionandpriceformationmechanismofaffordablehousing,whichhavetheirparticularities.Indeterminingthepriceofaffordablehousing,inadditiontothecostfactor,theabilitytopayoflow-andmiddle-incomefamiliesshouldalsobetakenintoconsideration.

Suggestionsforperfectingandperfectingtheaffordablehousingsystem

Fromtheperspectiveofprevioussystemimplementationandmarketstatus,theaffordablehousingsystemcanbeimprovedandoptimizedfromthefollowingaspects:

First,strictlycontrolthecoverageofaffordablehousingtoensuretheexclusivenessofaffordablehousing.Itisrecommendedtosellthemonlytohouseholdsthataredemolishedandrenovatedindistress.

Second,accordingtotheeconomicdevelopmentlevelandpeople’slivingstandards,theconstructionareashouldbecontrolledatabout60squaremeters.

Thirdly,increasetheconstructionofthelow-renthousingsystemtoformamarketforordinarycommercialhousingandsecond-handhousing,supplementedbythehigh-endhousingmarketandlow-renthousingmarket,andsupplementedbyaffordablehousingTheperfectmarketsystem.

Fourth,whilereducinginvestmentinaffordablehousing,thegovernmentshouldpromotetheimplementationofthehousingprovidentfundsystemandhousingsubsidysystemtoensurethateachunitestablishesacorrespondingsecuritysystem.

Fifth,referringtotheforeignaffordablehousingbill,thegovernmenthasissuedalawrequiringdeveloperstobuildcommercialhousingforsmall-sizedandlow-costhousesnottobelessthanacertainpercentageofthetotalnumberofunitsdeveloped.

Sixth,strictlymanagethelistingandtransactionofaffordablehousing.Affordablehousingbelongstopolicyhousing,andbuyershavelimitedpropertyrights.Eliminatemarketbehaviorsthatprofitfromtransactionsinaffordablehousing.

Thelow-renthousingsystem

Thelow-renthousingsystemanditsdevelopmentresults

Thelow-renthousingreferstothegovernment’srentsubsidiesorin-kindrentsubsidies.Familiesthatmeettheminimumlivingsecuritystandardsforurbanresidentsandhavehousingdifficultiesprovidesocialsecurityhousing.Since1998,theChinesegovernmenthasactivelypromotedtheconstructionofalow-renthousingsystemandcontinuouslyimprovedthelow-renthousingsecuritypolicy.Publichousingandlow-renthousingthatarerentedoutatthepricesetbythegovernmentaretemporarilyexemptfrompropertytaxandbusinesstax.Undertheguidanceoftheunifiednationalpolicyandtheactualsituationoflocaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,localgovernmentshaveestablishedalow-renthousingsystemforthelowest-incomefamiliesincitiesandtownsaccordingtolocalconditions.Thelow-renthousingsystemisbasedonfiscalbudgetarrangementsandmulti-channelfinancingoflow-renthousingfunds.Itimplementsavarietyofsecuritymethodsthatmainlyrelyonhousingrentalsubsidies,supplementedbyphysicalrentsandrentreductions.Forfamilieswhosehousingareaandfamilyincomearebelowthestandardssetbythelocalgovernment,thelocalgovernmentwillmakearrangementsinaccordancewiththeapplication,registration,andwaitingprocedurestoensuretheirbasicrequirements.

Sincetheideaof​​establishinglow-renthousingwasputforwardin1998,China’slow-renthousingsystemhasgonethroughnearlyadecade.In1999,theMinistryofConstructionissuedthe"MeasuresfortheAdministrationofLow-rentHousinginUrbanAreas".Onthisbasis,inMarch2004,multipleministriesjointlypromulgatedthe"AdministrativeMeasuresonLow-rentHousingforUrbanLowest-incomeFamilies".TheMeasuresstipulatethattoapplyforthelow-renthousingsystem,twoconditionsmustbemetforthelowest-incomefamilyandhousingdifficulties.AccordingtodatafromtheMinistryofConstruction,asoftheendof2006,512citiesacrossthecountryhadestablishedalow-renthousingsystem.Atotalof7.08billionyuanwasspentontheconstructionofthelow-renthousingsystem.Atotalof547,000low-incomefamilieshadpassedthelow-renthousingsystem.Housingconditionshavebeenimproved;amongthem,fundsinplacein2006accountedfor33%,andin2006thehousingdifficultiesof122,000low-incomefamilieswereresolved,accountingfor45.5%.

Threeproblemstobesolvedinthedevelopmentoflow-renthousing

Fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentandcurrentsituationoflow-renthousing,thecurrentlow-renthousingsysteminmycountryisintheprocessofperfectionandimprovement.Themacro-controlpolicyhasincorporatedtheconstructionoflow-renthousingsystemintothelocalgovernment’sgoalandresponsibilitymanagement,promptinglocalgovernmentstoincreasetheirattentiontotheestablishmentofahousingsecuritysystem,andtheconstructionofthelow-renthousingsystemhasbeengreatlypromoted.Inparticular,the"StateCouncil'sSeveralOpinionsonResolvingtheHousingDifficultiesofUrbanLow-incomeFamilies"hasindicatedthatlow-renthousingwillbethefocusofhousingsecurityinthefuture.Ingeneral,thecurrentlow-renthousingconstructionstillfacesthreemajorproblemsthatneedtoberesolvedurgently.

Firstofall,thesourceoffundsfortheconstructionoflow-renthousingisunstable,andfundsareseverelylacking,andthegovernmentbudgetarrangementisrelativelyinsufficient;secondly,somecitieshavenotpaidenoughattentiontotheconstructionoflow-renthousingsystems.Thecoverageofthesystemissmall,especiallyinthecentralandwesternregions.Third,thelow-renthousingsystemisnotperfect,andthereareloopholesinthesupervisionandapprovalprocedures,andeligiblefamiliescannotgethousingsecurityinatimelymanner.Moreover,thebiggestdifficultyindevelopingthelow-renthousingsysteminthefutureisstilltheproblemoffunding.

Thelow-renthousingsystem:thefocusofhousingsecurity

OnAugust13,2007,"SeveralOpinionsoftheStateCouncilonResolvingtheHousingDifficultiesofUrbanLow-incomeFamilies"(ie"Circular24"),andproposedtosolvethehousingdifficultiesofurbanlow-incomefamiliesasanimportantworktosafeguardtheinterestsofthepeopleandanimportantcontentofthehousingsystemreform,asanimportantresponsibilityofthegovernment’spublicservices,toacceleratetheestablishmentandimprovementofalow-renthousingsystem.,Multi-channelpolicysystemtosolvethehousingdifficultiesofurbanlow-incomefamilies.Itcanbeseenthathousingsecurityhasbeenraisedtothelevelofpeople’slivelihoodasapublicservice,andthegovernment’sregulationoftherealestatemarkethasshiftedtothelevelofhousingsecurity,andthevariousregulationsandpolicyobjectivesofthelow-renthousingformofsecurityhaveallbeenstipulatedbythepolicy.Itshowsthatlow-renthousinghasbecomeanimportantchannelandmethodofhousingsecurity.

The"Circular24"expandsthecoverageofthelow-renthousingsystem,reasonablydefinestheprotectionobjectsandguaranteestandards,improvestheexistingsystemintermsofguaranteemethods,andincreasesthelow-renthousinghousingthroughmultiplechannelsIthasmadespecificpolicyregulationsandarrangementsintermsofsourcesandensuringthesourceoffundsforlow-renthousingsecurity,andputforwardgoalsandwaystoachievethesecuritysupplyoflow-renthousingatadeeperlevel.Butonthewhole,low-renthousingstillhasthreeissuesthatneedtoberesolvedintermsofconstructionfunds,housing,andthequalificationofinsuredobjects.

Firstofall,fromthecurrentmainsourcesoflow-renthousingconstructionfundsinmycountry,thechannelsmainlyincludefinancialappropriations,housingprovidentfundvalue-addedincome,socialsecurity,andsocialdonations.Withreferencetothediversifiedexperienceofforeigncountries,includinggovernmentcapitalinjection,marketfinancing,andestablishmentoffundsorbonds,itcanbeseenthatalthoughmycountry’spoliciesfurtherrequirethatpartofthenetincomeoflandtransferfeesbeusedforlow-renthousingconstruction,itstillappearstoberelativelysingle.Andlimited.Mobilizingallavailablefundsandadoptingdiversifiedfinancingmethodsandchannelsisexpectedtoprovideamoreeffectivesolutiontothesourceofconstructionfundsforlow-renthousing.

Secondly,althoughthecentralgovernmentattachesgreatimportancetotheconstructionofthelow-renthousingsystem,theimplementationofthelocalgovernmentstillneedstobeimproved.Atpresent,thenumberoflow-renthousinginmycountryaccountsforlessthan10%oftherealestatemarket,andlocalgovernmentshavealongwaytogo.Ifyoucannotreallystandonthepeople'slivelihood,supportandrelaxthelandusedforlow-renthousingconstruction,encourageandimplementpreferentialpoliciesfordeveloperstobuildlow-renthousing,theimplementationofthepolicymaynotbeabletoachievetheexpectedresults.Therefore,onlybyincreasinghousingcanthehousingneedsofalargenumberoflow-incomepeoplebemet.

Thirdly,speeduptheinvestigationofthehousingsituationoflow-incomefamilies,comprehensivelyestablishthehousingfilesofguaranteetargets,andtimelyissuereal-timeandfeasiblenormativedocumentsfortheapplication,review,andexitmanagementoflow-renthousingforurbanlowest-incomefamilies.Whilestandardizingthelow-renthousingapplicationapprovalmechanism,italsoguidesthelow-incomegroup'sconceptofhousingconsumption,rectifyingthemisconceptionthatlow-renthousingisnotownedbyitsownpropertyrightsandcausingpsychologicalresistance.

Double-restrictedcommercialhouses

Double-restrictedcommercialhousesarecommercialhousesthatarerestrictedbythegovernmentintermsofsizeandsellingpricewhenthelandistransferred.Double-restrictedcommercialhousingistheproductofanotherpolicyregulationafterthe“economicallyaffordablehousing”inadjustingthehousingsupplystructureinthefaceofrisinghousingpricesinthepasttwoyears.Double-limitedcommercialhousesevolvedfromprice-limitedcommercialhouses,thatis,theyevolvedfromtheoriginalprice-onlylimittoanincreaseinthesizeofthehouse.

AsearlyasFebruary2004inChina,theNingboMunicipalGovernmenttooktheleadinlaunchingprice-limitedcommercialhousing.Practicehasprovedthatprice-limitedcommercialhousingplaysapositiveandimportantroleinreducingtheincreaseinhousingpricesandmeetingthehousingneedsoflow-andmiddle-incomefamilies..Price-limitedcommercialhousesarethereforewidelypromotedacrossthecountry,andtheyhavebecomedouble-limitedcommercialhousesbyincreasingtherestrictionsonthesizeoftheunits.

Fromthecurrentsituationofthedouble-restrictedcommercialhousingmarket,somelocalgovernmentsarerelativelymoreactiveinimplementingdouble-restrictedcommercialhousing.Double-limitedcommercialhousinghasthecolorofhousingsecurity,butitalsohastheattributesofcommercialhousing.Aftercalculatingthedevelopmentcost,thegovernmentimposedrestrictionsonthesellingprice,housesize,constructionstandards,andsalestargetstocontrolthedeveloper’sprofitwithinareasonablerange,andfinallysetthelandprice.Thiscontrolshousingpricesfromthesourceofland,breakstherealestatemarketmonopoly,andprotectsthehousinginterestsoflow-andmiddle-incomeearners.Atthesametime,localgovernmentscanstillchargeacertainamountoflandtransferfees.

Theemergenceofdual-limitcommercialhousinghaseffectivelymadeupforthegapinhousingsupply.Betweentheaffordablehousingandcommercialhousingconsumergroups,thereisaconsumptiongapthatisneitherabletopurchasecommercialhousingnorhastheconditionstoapplyforaffordablehousing.Double-restrictedcommercialhousingcaneffectivelysolvethisdilemmaandjustfillthisgapinthemarket.Thepriceofdouble-restrictedcommercialhousingislowerthanthatofordinarycommercialhousing,andthepurchasingconditionsarerelativelylooserthanthatofaffordablehousing,whichhasbecomeausefulsupplementtothemarket.

Asabeneficialsupplementtothemarket,double-limitedcommercialhousinghasapositivemeaning.Manydetailsintheimplementationprocessalsoneedtobeexploredandimproved.Judgingfromthecurrentmarketexperience,graspingandsolvingthefourproblemswillhelpthepromotionofthepolicyandtheeffectofimplementation.

First,determinetheprofitrangeofdouble-restrictedcommercialhousingdevelopmententerprises;second,rationallyplanthedevelopmentscaleofdouble-restrictedcommercialhousing;third,introduceeffectivesupervisionmechanismstoavoidcorruption;fourth,establishEffectivecirculationmechanism.

Second-handhousingtransaction

Housingleasing·Gradientconsumptionmodel

Inrecentyears,therealestatemarketandresidentialhousingconsumptionpsychologyhavebeenblindlycompared,greedyforbigandwide,Whenbuyingahouse,youhavetobuyanewhouseandotherconsumermisconceptions.Andthisconsumptionconceptisseriouslyinconsistentwithourcountry'snationalconditionsofmorepeople,lessland,andlesspercapitaresources.Guidingandstrengtheningtheconceptofrationalconsumption,advocatingtheconstructionofsmall-scalehousing,purchasingsecond-handhousingandrentinghousing,etc.,sothattherealestatemarketcanreturntoanormalstateofrationalsupplyanddemandisatoppriority.

Atpresent,thedevelopmentofthesecond-handhousingmarketinChinaislaggingbehind,thecirculationofalargenumberofhousingstocksisnotsmooth,andthedemandforhousingisexcessivelyconcentratedinthefirst-levelhousing(newhousing)market.RelevantdatashowthatthetransactionvolumeofChina'ssecond-handhousingmarketonlyaccountsfor20%-30%ofthetotalhousingtransactionvolume,anditisurgenttoestablishandformagradientconsumptionmodelinthehousingmarket.

Theformationofagradientconsumptionmodelinthehousingconsumptionmarketwilleffectivelystabilizehousingpricesandpromotethestabledevelopmentofthemarket.Thatis,middle-ormiddle-low-incomehouseholdssolvethehousingproblembybuyinglow-pricedstocksecond-handhouses;middle-ormiddle-high-incomehouseholdscantransfertheiroldhousesandthenbuynewlybuiltmiddle-andmiddle-andhigh-endhouseswithrelativelyhighpriceperformance.Improvehousingconditions.Therebyformingacascadeofhousingconsumptionandpromotingthecoordinateddevelopmentoftheprimaryandsecondarymarkets.

Atthesametime,ahealthyhousingmarketshouldalsobeamarketwherebuyingandsellingandrentingcoexist.Theformationofadualconsumptionconceptthatpaysequalattentiontobuyingandrentingisconducivetotheformationofagradientconsumptionmodel.Rentingshouldalsobeachoiceforhousingconsumption.Housingrentingallowspeopletoadjusthousingexpendituresaccordingtotheirincomestatusandformareasonablecascadingconsumptionpattern.Thisconsumptionpatternandconsumptionbehaviorreflectrealneedsandareconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofthemarket.

Therefore,simplifytheapprovalproceduresandtransactionapprovalproceduresforpurchasedpublichousingandsecond-handhousingtransactions,moderatelylowertransactiontaxesandfees,increasecreditsupportforsecond-handhousingmortgages,andactivelyguidedevelopmentcompaniestochangetoasinglesalesmethodItisamarketingmethodthatcombinesleaseandsale.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofstandardizedintermediaryserviceindustry,theestablishmentofunblockedchannelsforbothpartiestothetransaction,etc.,correspondingpolicyencouragementandregulationfromthesecond-handhousingtransactionandhousingrentalmarketwillalsohaveapositiveeffectonthepromotionoftheformationofthehousinggradientconsumptionmodel.

Significance

Firstofall,improvingthelivingconditionsofurbanlow-incomeresidentsisanimportantlivelihoodissue,andacceleratingtheconstructionofahousingsecuritysystemisofgreatsignificancetoimprovingpeople’slivelihoodandpromotingsocialharmonyandstability.Amongtheprinciplesforthearrangementofadditional100billionyuanofcentralgovernmentinvestment,themostimportantoneistoinvestinplaceswheretheuseefficiencyisthehighestandwheredevelopmentismostneeded.Inthissense,makinggreateffortstospeeduptheconstructionofahousingsecuritysystemisanactofkeepingpacewiththetimestopromotemycountry'seconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Secondly,acceleratingtheconstructionofahousingsecuritysystemhasastrongdrivingeffectonrelatedindustries.Authoritativecalculationsshowthatthenewlyadded7.5billionyuaninlow-renthousingconstructioninvestmentandthelocalandsocialinvestmentitdrivescandrive650,000tonsofsteelconsumptionand500,000tonsofcement.Atthesametime,thestatehasalsoarrangedacentralinvestmentof1.7billionyuanfortheconstructionofinfrastructureprojectsinshantytowns,whichcanboosttheconsumptionofcastironby20,000tons,steelconsumptionby100,000tons,andcementconsumptionby300,000tons.

Again,speedinguptheconstructionofahousingsecuritysystemalsocreatesfavorableconditionsforexpandingconsumptioninthefuture.Speedinguptheconstructionofaffordablehousing,vigorouslyadvancingtheconstructionoflow-renthousing,shantytownrenovation,ruraldilapidatedhousingrenovation,andtheimplementationofnomadicsettlementprojectsarealleffectivemeasurestoimprovetheconsumptionenvironmentandconditionsofurbanandruralresidents,andwillbenefitbothurbanandruralresidents,especiallylow-incomeresidents.Residentsexpandconsumption.

Finally,increasedinvestmentinguaranteedhousingwillhelpcontrolhighhousingprices,betterimplementthepolicyobjectivesofhousingpriceadjustments,reducepanicdemandfromrigiddemand,andhelppreventhousingpricesandsalesTheskyrocketedandplummeted.Inrecentyears,thehousingmarketmonopolizedbycommercialhousing,locallandfinancesarehardtoreturn,andthedistortedviewofdevelopmenthasnotonlycausedaseriesofnewsocialproblemssuchasviolentdemolition,butalsoseverelysqueezedtherealeconomyandenterpriseinnovationspace,whichhasbecomeatransformationofeconomicdevelopmentmode.Obstacles.Thelarge-scalegovernment-ledconstructionofaffordablehousing,guidedbypeople’slivelihood,cancooldownthedeformedrealestatemarket,guidethedirectionofsocialinvestment,andencouragemoreenterprisesandcapitaltoinvestintherealeconomyandtechnologicalinnovation.Inthissense,thelarge-scaleaccelerationoftheconstructionofaffordablehousingisalsoexpectedtobecomeanimportantbreakthroughtotransformthedevelopmentmode.

SocialCommentary

Somemisunderstandingsinmycountry’shousingsystemreformpolicies

Asaprogrammaticdocumentofthehousingreform[国发1998DocumentNo.23]putsforwardthegoalsof"establishingandperfectingamulti-levelurbanhousingsupplysystembasedonaffordablehousing"and"purchasingaffordablehousingbylow-andmiddle-incomefamilies".Thedocument[Guofa2003No.18]furtherproposes"graduallyrealizethemajorityoffamiliesbuyingorrentingordinarycommercialhousing",andthedegreeofmarketizationreflectedinthepolicyisevenstronger.Asfarasmycountry’scurrenteconomicdevelopment,residents’incomelevels,andlandsupplyareconcerned,torealizethatmostfamiliesbuyorrentordinarycommercialhousingwillnotonlyexceedtheobjectiveeconomicconditions,butitalsoseemstobethegovernmentgetsridoftheresponsibilityofhousingsecurityTheimpliedmanifestation.

(1)Excessivelyendowingthehousingwitheconomicdevelopmentfunctions

mycountry’shousingreformhasbeenresponsibleforpullingtosomeextentsinceitsimplementation.Thefunctionofeconomicgrowth.The"NoticeoftheStateCouncilonPromotingtheSustainableandHealthyDevelopmentoftheRealEstateMarket"clearlystatesthatrealestateisapillarindustryofthenationaleconomy.Invariousplaces,"realestateisapillarindustryofthenationaleconomy"waspushedtotheextremebylocalgovernmentsandevolvedintoadeformedgrowthmodel.Localgovernmentsarekeentoleaselandandrequisitionagriculturallandforlarge-scalerealestatedevelopmentandconstruction.Relyonrealestateinvestmenttodrivelocaleconomicdevelopment,anddirectlyfilllocalfinancesthroughlandgainsandrealestatetaxesandfees.Somelocalgovernmentsregardrealestateasapillarindustrydrivinglocaleconomicgrowth,andpaytoomuchattentiontothecontributionofrealestateto"operatingcities",andoperatinglandbecomesinvestmentgrowthandfiscalrevenueAnimportantmagicweapontoincrease.Itsmainactionsinclude:first,large-scaleimageproject,"citybuildingmovement",blindlyexpandingthescaleofdemolition,artificialmanufacturingdemandisstrong,anddrivinghousingprices;second,speculationonland,somelocalgovernmentsrequisitionlandatlowprices,resellingathighprices,andsellinglandThemore,thegreaterthefiscalrevenue,andevenafewlocalgovernmentssecretlymanipulatedtoinstigatedeveloperstodriveuplandprices;third,seekinghighandabandoninghousingprices,somegovernmentofficialsregardhousingpricesHighisasignofeconomicdevelopmentandblindlycompareslocalhousingpriceswithotherregions.Somecitygovernmentsabandonaffordablehousingandlow-renthousingwithoutbuildingthem,andinsteadusetheirinterestinapprovinghigh-endhousing,resultinginhighlocalhousingprices.

Undertheguidanceofthispolicyandinterestmechanism,realestateinvestmentacrossthecountrycontinuestorise.Fromtheperspectiveofthegrowthrateofrealestateinvestmentinfixedassets,thesharpincreasewas21.5%in2000,30.3%in2003,and29.6%in2004.In2005,thegrowthinthecentralandwesternregionswasashighas33%.Theinternationallyrecognizedrealestatedevelopmentinvestmentaccountedforlessthan10%ofthefixedassetinvestmentofthewholesociety.However,since1998,thisproportionhassteadilyincreasedinmycountry.Itwas18.78%in2004,20.98%in2005and20.98%in2006.Itwas22.93%inApril,farexceedingthe10%internationalwarningline.Inaddition,internationallyrecognizedrealestatedevelopmentinvestmentcannotaccountformorethan5%ofGDP,butdomesticrealestateinvestmenthasaccountedfor9.6%ofGDPsince2004,andsomecitieshaveevenreachedmorethan50%.Ifrealestateistakenasthepillarindustryandpushedtotheextreme,theimpactontheeconomyandsocietyisself-evident.Althoughtherewillbetemporaryprosperityonthesurface,mid-tolong-termdifficultiesandproblemswillsurelyfollow.

(2)Excessivemarketization,surpassingthestageofeconomicdevelopment

Fromtheinternationalperspectivetoexaminethehousingsystem,youcanItisfoundthatdifferentcountriesoftenadoptdifferenthousingpoliciesatdifferentstagesofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Intheearlystagesofeconomicdevelopment,duetotheweakmaterial,economicfoundation,andlimitedtechnicalstrength,privateindividualsdidnothaveenoughsavingstobuildandownindependenthouses.Atthistime,theproportionofpublichousingwasoftenhigh(sincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,themarketeconomyreformhasbeenfullyimplemented.Sincethen,theabsoluteproportionofpublichousinghasalsoconfirmedthis);whentheeconomydevelopstoacertainextent,especiallywhenthewholesocietyhasarelativelylargemiddleclass,thatis,thesocialstructuretakesanoliveshape,housingmarketizationandprivatizationWhentheconditionsaremet,atthistime,theproportionofprivatehousingisoftenhigher,suchastheUnitedStatesandWesternEuropeancountriesatthisstage.Ofcourse,theabundanceoflandresourcesisalsoanimportantfactoraffectingtherateofprivatehousing.Forexample,eveninJapanandtheUnitedKingdom,eveniftheireconomicdevelopmentisrelativelyhigh,alargeproportionofpublichousingisstillreservedinLondonandTokyo.Differentstagesofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentrequiredifferenthousingpolicies.

Securitysystem

TheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaclearlyputforward"toimprovethehousingsecurityandsupplysysteminlinewithnationalconditions."Establishinghousingsecurityforresidentsinlinewithnationalconditionshasbecomeanimportantpartofmycountry'saccelerationofthereformofsocialundertakingsandtheimprovementofthesocialsecuritysystem.Livingandworkinginpeaceandcontentmentisagoodstateoflifethatordinarypeopleyearnfor.Nowadays,highhousingpriceshavediscouragedmanypeoplewithhousingdemand,andthesupplyofaffordablehousinghasnotbeenabletoeffectivelymeettheneedsofthesociety,whichhasalsocausedmanythought-provokingsocialproblems.Therefore,howtoimplementthespiritoftheThirdPlenarySessionandcontinuouslyimprovethehousingsecuritysystemtopromotethesteadyconstructionofaffordablehousingisindeedatoppriority.

Theconstructionofmycountry'saffordablehousinghasbeenadvancingcontinuouslyinexploration.Especiallyduringthe"TwelfthFive-YearPlan"period,itwasproposedthat36millionsetsofaffordablehousingwillbebuiltwithinfiveyears,andthecoveragerateofaffordablehousingwillreach20%.Inordertoensurethequalityofconstruction,PremierLiKeqiangproposedtoestablishalife-longresponsibilitysystemfortheconstructionqualityofaffordablehousing.Oncethequalitygoeswrong,thepersonresponsiblemustbeheldaccountablenomatterwherehegoes.Itcanbeexpectedthatwhenalargenumberofaffordablehousingisbuiltandputintothemarketduringthe"TwelfthFive-YearPlan"period,itwilleffectivelyeasethesupplyanddemandrelationshipinthehousingmarketandeasethecurrenthousingpressureofthepeopletoalargeextent.Althoughtherecentpropertymarketcontrolpoliciesandtheaffordablehousingpoliciesthatgovernmentsatalllevelsaregraduallyimplementingmaynotbeperfect,governmentsatalllevelsarereallystrivingtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilityof"homeownership".

Thecurrentproblemisthatmycountrystilllacksspecialhousingsecuritylawsandregulations.Housingsecurityrelatedregulationsandimplementationplansaremainlypromulgatedintheformofgovernmentdocumentsornationalandlocalgovernmentpolicies.Insufficientauthority.Althoughmycountryhasbasicallyestablishedahousingsecurityframeworksystemwith"low-endguaranteesandmid-rangesupport",itisnotperfect.Theconstructionofaffordablehousingisstill"crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestones."Withtheincreasingdemandforhousingsecurityinthesociety,peopleincreasinglyexpectthatthehousingsecuritysystemcanrisetotheheightoflegislation,andthroughthelegalizationandstandardizationofpolicies,thehousingsecurityproblemcanbefundamentallyimproved.Atthesametime,socialhousingisapublicundertakingtoimprovepeople'slivelihood.Howthegovernmentguaranteestheeffectiveinvestmentofitsfundshasalsoattractedincreasingattentionfromallwalksoflife.

Theresidentialhousingsecuritysystemindevelopedmarketeconomiesdependsontheprotectionandpromotionofthelaw.Forexample,SingaporehasestablishedaseriesoflawssuchastheSingaporeRenovationAct,theHousingDevelopmentAct,andtheCentralProvidentFundAct,andestablishedtheSingaporeRenovationTrustandHousingDevelopmentBoardtoimplementacompulsoryhousinginsuranceplantoformthesupplyofHDBflats.Thehousingsecuritysystem,whichismainlysupportedbysubsidies,haseffectivelyachievedawiderangeofhousingsecuritycoverage.TheUnitedKingdomhaspassedanumberoflegislativebillsincludingtheHousingandTownPlanningAct,theHousingAct,theHousingAssociationAct,theHousingandPlanningAct,andtheLocalGovernmentandHousingAct,respectively,regulatingtheregistrationrequirements,Thebusinesspurpose,businessactivities,financialassistance,supervisionandmanagementhavebeenregulatedaccordingly,andamulti-levelhousingsecuritylegalsystemhasbeenestablishedforthespecificimplementationandimprovementoftheconstructionofaffordablehousingbytheBritishgovernment.

Inviewofthis,weshouldstrivetolearnfromtheexperienceandpracticesofforeigncountriesinpromotingtheconstructionofaffordablehousinginaccordancewiththelaw,strengthenthelegislativeworkontheconstructionofaffordablehousing,andgraduallyestablisharelativelycompletesystemofaffordablehousing.Thelawhasbecomethesupportingpointofthesocialsecuritysystemwithitsfairnessandcompulsion,andasoundlegalsystemisthefundamentalguaranteeforthesteadyandorderlyadvancementofhousingconstruction.Establishingahousingsecuritysupplysystemthatmeetsthenationalconditionsforresidentshasbecomeanimportantpartofmycountry'saccelerationofsocialundertakingsreformandimprovementofthesocialsecuritysystem.Itisalsoanimportantmeanstosolve"homeownership"andletthepeopleliveandworkinpeace.Forthisreason,intheprocessofhousingsecurityconstruction,thegovernmentmustchangeitsconcept,adoptlegislation-basedandpolicy-supportedmethods,andestablishasoundhousingsecuritysystemfromtheperspectiveofensuringcitizens’basiclivingneeds,soastochangethe“homeownersworryabouttheirhousing”assoonaspossible."Thestatusquowilleventuallyrealize"homeownership"andpeopleliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment.