Fourth Ji Ji Geology

Simple Overview

Introduction

Quaternary Geology

The last 20th century, the fourth biennial period established in the early 20th century Research on the role of glaciers, climate change, has produced extensive impact. Yugoslav Mathematician Milanovic (M. Milanko-Vich) proposed climate change astronomical in 1920, the earth's orbit cycle has become an important theoretical basis for the fourth climate change and ice formation. In 1899, the Austrian Geologist Hughes (E.SUESS) established the theory of sea level change, and it has continuously enriched, developed. In 1934, American scholar Deli (R.DALY) proposed glacier-sea control.

Three types

1961 Fair Bridge (RW Fairbridge) will return the sea surface to three types: 1 constructor - sea surface lifting exercise; 2 deposition - sea surface lifting exercise 3 Glacier - sea surface lift movement.

Constantly developed

Since the 1950s, the application of radioactive carbon, potassium argon argon, uranium-based method, fission track method, and oxygenated temperature, etc. The fourth Ji Ji Geology study has reached a new level. In 1963, A.COX was established ancient magneticen table, provided a basis for the division of the fourth Jii forma. The mainland and ocean deposition sequence studies have updated the traditional four-day concept, support Mikovic's climate change astronomy. In 1977, Kudra (G.Kukla), etc., the study of Czech Pulno Rana, the 1700,000-year-old ice period has occurred in 170,000 in the Olduvene's Gen Magnetic event, with an average of 1 ice per 100,000 years - Inter-ice climate. The ocean deposition study in the Indian Ocean, Equatorial Atlantic, Caribbean also has a similar conclusion. China's fourth-year loep study reveals that there have been 13 climate around 700,000 years. Many international research programs implemented in the 1960s, such as DSDP (deep sea drilling plan), Climap (long-term climate research, mapping and forecasting plan), IGCP (International Geological Comparative Program), etc., has been in the fourth annual climate, ice The formation, Ice climate characteristics, marine environment changes, etc., thereby promoting the development of the fourth Ji Ji Geology.

Research Simple History

Humanity From the beginning, it is an intake of the fourth Ji Ji Geology, but truly study it, it starts very late. Initially, people divided the development history of the crust into the first (original), the second disciplined and 3th stage. In 1829, the French scholar J. Deduwa is studying the loose sediments in the third series of loose sediments in the third series, and its era is the fourth series. With the development of geological science, the first and second disciplines were discarded, and only the names of the 3rord and 4th, these two era were known as the new generation. In 1839, the UK famous geologist C. Lel (1797 ~ 1875) divided the fourth discipline into the new world.

The fourth Ji Ji Geology is mainly based on the development of the Alps and Scandinavian glaciers. In China, from the end of the 19th century, some foreign scholars were observed in the wild loens widely distributed in the Yellow River Basin. By the early 20th century, the study of China's fourth Ji Ji Geology has developed greatly. There are many specialized research units and a huge professional research team. In 1957, China's 4th Discipline Research Committee has been added to the International Top 4 Ji Ji.

The fourth sediment

The fourth sediment observed is mainly the land of the land. The land phase formation is widely distributed in the surface, mostly loose, thick thickness, variable, and complex ingredients. Therefore, a variety of marks, such as biological marks, ancient humans, and ancient cultural marks, climate symbols, geomorphology markers, absolute age determination, etc. in the fourth Ji Ji Geological age and formation division.

The fourth sediment can be divided into a residue, a slope, a flour, a dufaction, a lake sediment, a glacier, a marine sediment, a bio-sediment, a marine sediment. Quantitative, volcanic accumulation, cave accumulation, artificial accumulation, etc. In 1948, Yang Zhongjian, Geologist, divided China's fourth sediment into four categories, namely, cave, gravel and footfoot, river lake accumulation and soil accumulation.

Fourth Ji Climate after the beginning of the fourth Ji, the North Hemisphere is used as an example, and the cold climate on the earth is migrated to south, so that the high latitude zone and the high mountain area are widely developed or Glacier, Ice period appears. At the ice, the northern edge of the northern hemisphere sub-tropical arid area falls into the west wind zone and the precipitation increases. The two ice days are called a bicycle period. Biece is due to the temperature rise, the glacier ablation, the high pressure of the northern hemisphere, and the precipitation in the arid area of ​​the northern hemisphere are reduced.

About the change of the fourth climate, many people in Europe have made a lot of work, especially in the Alps and Northwest Europe. It is generally believed that there are 5 ice days and four rooms, and there are 1 ice, and the last ice is divided into 2 or 3 ice sections. In China, the Geologist Li Siwu has divided the three ice days of the icy and ice in the Jiangxi Lushan, and some people will be included in the Dali ice stage and Longchuan Ice during Yunnan Research. In this way, China also has 5 refrigeration and the Ice period in Europe. Africa has developed glaciers in addition to rare mountains, and most of the terrestropics have not been used by glaciers, but the changes in climate are still obvious. In Africa, the ice during the ice is called the rain or flood period; the inter-ice period is the rain period or a flood period.

Mingde - Risbon Ice is called "big ice period", and the last time is about 300,000 years. The climate is warmer than now, but it is still cold during the ice segment. Among the glacier activities, 32% of the land surface surfaces are covered by glaciers, and due to the stagnation of precipitation, the seas is substantially decreased, sometimes 130 meters or more. At the ice, the average temperature is generally less than about 3 to 7 ° C.

Overview

Overview

The fourth issue is the era of high development of mammals and quilt plants, and the emergence of human beings is the most prominent event in this era. . Therefore, some people also call the fourth discipline as life or goblin, and even someone will independence it from the new generation. It is here for life or spirit. The fourth mammal has a significant characteristic of modernization. In the early renewal of the world, many of the three bubbles in the third Ji Tie Horse animal group, such as jigitaliidae, aceratheriinae, giraffidae, etc. Some third residual types such as machairodontinae, Hyracoidea, Mastodontidae, Sword Turns (Stegod Ontinae, Tanda Hation), CHALICOTHERIDAE, (Mod) Rats (mimomys), etc. are almost in the process of extinction. Standard 4th Airazi appears, such as a cat bear (ELEPHANTA), Equus, COELODONTA, THAMOTHERIUM, Cattle (BOS), Bison (BISON) , Bubalus, Leptobos, four unlocuses (ELAPHURUS), etc.

Update the generation of the generation in the world

Update the world's representative animal group, China has a mudhewan animal group or a western quarter animal group, and there is a martial art group in the south. Ragran animal group; the Americas have a Branco animals. During the world, the third-year residual type, such as the sword tooth tiger, some of the swords and the sword episodes continued to survive, the decathpost, the triad, the triad, the existence of only a short period of time in the individual area. There is a considerable part of the type of world to continue, and there is more and more modern components, and the real big cornereros, the Cervus Elaphus begins to appear, and the cat bear is very popular in South China in China. Prosperous. The animal group in this period, China has a group of male ridges. Zhoukou shop animal group, Yijinggou animal group, etc., European varwood group, Cromer animal group, horman district, Irford animal group, etc .; the Americas have an Owen dragon group. During the late update, the ingredients in the world's population were reduced, and there were a lot of growth, and the bosprimuth, the BOS PrimiGenius, and the Mammuthus was widely used in the high latitude region of the northern hemisphere. distributed. During this period, China has a Dingcun animal group, Salauu animal group, and mountain top dumplings, etc. (see the archeology of China's old stone, there is an an animal group in Europe, etc .; the Americas have Lan Qolabrea animals Group, etc.

The new world group

The new world group is mainly based on the current, and the fossil is less than ever, and only the coelodonta antiquitatis. After a period of time,, blacks, etc. have been living in today. In addition, during the fourth Ji Ji, mollidians and micro-animal distributions are widely distributed, and the types are complicated, and various plants are spread all over the world, with the changes in climate and geographic environments, they constantly change.

The division of the fourth system

Basic Introduction

The fourth Ji is a very short time in the geological history, so far, it has not terminated. From when the fourth is started, there is no consistent view. In the past, it is generally considered to be around 1 million years. In recent years, due to the new discover of anthropology and old stone age, people have generally believed that its age should be much larger, some believe it is 180-20 million, and some people think it is 2.48 million. In the year, some people think that they have exceeded 3 million years.

Since the long time, people have been working hard to seek the fourth series of standard formations of the four seas, but they have not been possible. Because the fourth sediment has strong regional, in the same period, in different natural environments and different landform units, different formations can be formed; in different periods, in a similar natural environment and the same On the landform unit, a layer similar to each other can be formed. Therefore, it is impossible to divide the fourth Jii formation based on the nature of the rock itself.

Templates of climate

Typically, the climate is replaced by ice and inter-ice, or rain and earth. However, there are many local varying evidence in the world that has been lacking, so many places have been used to apply vertebrate and marine mild animals to determine the fourth disciration and formation division. In ancient human and ancient cultural materials, the method of applying anthropology and archeology is more obvious.

The 4th ocean animal group changes slowly, especially in the ocean, there is almost no change, only some high latitudes, such as Mediterranean, Luhai and other places, there is a group's migration, When the ice is coming, the type under the cold living conditions of the northern is migrated south, and when the ice is coming, they return to the north. However, vertebrates are particularly terrestrial mammals, and the evolutionary speed is faster, and there is a relatively consistency in a certain stage of natural geographic regions. In the fourth vertebrate fossil, the most collected is the fourth mammal, and its research is also more detailed. Therefore, the 4th mammal is not only important to the division and contrast of the landline layer, but also is especially important for the recovery of the ancient weather and ancient geographic environment, which is particularly important to explore the era of the ancient humans. effect.

Evaluation

About the division of the fourth Jii formation has not made consensus. The division of China's fourth Ji Ji forma, in accordance with the draft in 1959, the fourth system included under the update, updating, updating system and newfro, the era, the fourth, early update, medium Update the world, the new world, and the new world.

The fourth Ji Ji Geology is an important part of the archaeological research in the old stone era. Because humans themselves are the product of geological history, and early human sites are usually buried in the formation as geological phenomena. Since early human survival is almost completely attached to the natural environment, the distribution of early human situations in the formation is certain.

Important meaning

The field survey of archeology in the old stone age requires the application of the fourth Ji Ji Geological knowledge, such as recovering the elastic environment of the world, determining the formation of the ancient human survival. The fourth discipline, etc. The excavation work can only be carried out smoothly on the basis of full understanding of the fourth Jii formation, especially for the ancient human cultural location in the deposition layer of the river lake, only the work method of the fourth Ji Ji, is meaningful. The determination of the era of ancient human culture, the division contrast of the 4th Ji Dioma and the analysis of mammals are still the main method today. Of course, ancient human cultural relics are also an important basis for the fourth discipline division.