Field Programmable Gate Array

Withthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyandelectronictechnology,modernmedicalinstrumentshavedevelopedtowardsintelligence,miniaturization,andmulti-function.Intheinstrumentdesign,thedegreeofdigitizationisgettinghigherandhigher,andthenumberofASICsusedisThescaleisgettingbiggerandbigger.Duetotheemergenceoffieldprogrammablelogicdevices,thedesignandmanufactureofASICsarenolongerentirelyundertakenbysemiconductorvendorsindependently.DesignerscanalsodesignsuitableASICchipsinthelaboratoryandcarryoutpracticalapplicationsimmediately.Themainfieldisfieldprogrammablegatearray.Fieldprogrammablegatearraydeviceisanewtypeofhigh-densityprogrammablelogicdevice,manufacturedbyCMOS-SRAMprocess.Fieldprogrammablegatearraysareanewgenerationofdigitallogicdevices.Theyarerelativelylargeinscaleandaresuitableforlogiccircuitapplicationssuchastimingandcombination.Theycanreplacedozensorevenhundredsofgeneral-purposemedium-sizedWIchips.Itnotonlyhashighspeedandreliability,butalsohasuser-definedlogicfunctionsthatcanberepeated,thatis,ithasthecharacteristicsofrepeatableprogramming.Therefore,thefieldprogrammablegatearraymakesthedesignofthedigitalcircuitsystemveryflexible,andsignificantlyshortensthesystemdevelopmentcycle,reducesthevolumeofthedigitalcircuitsystemandthetypesofchipsused.Inthefieldofbiomedicalengineering,thankstothedevelopmentoffieldprogrammablegatearrays,modernmedicalinstrumentdesignusesfieldprogrammablegatearraystoreplacesmallandmedium-sizedchipsforlogiccontrol.Inmedicalsignalacquisitionandprocessing,imageacquisitionandprocessing,andportablemedicalinstrumentsDesignandotheraspectshavebeenapplied.

Thebasicstructureandworkingprincipleoffieldprogrammablegatearray

Fieldprogrammablegatearrayisaprogram-drivenlogicdevice,justlikeamicroprocessor,whosecontrolprogramisstoredinInthememory,afterpoweron,theprogramisautomaticallyloadedintothechipforexecution.Thefieldprogrammablegatearrayisgenerallycomposedof2programmablemodulesandstorageSRAM.CLBisaprogrammablelogicblock,acorecomponentofafieldprogrammablegatearray,andabasicunitforrealizinglogicfunctions.Itismainlycomposedofdigitallogiccircuitssuchaslogicfunctiongenerators,flip-flops,anddataselectors.IOBisaninputandoutputmodule.Itprovidestheconnectionbetweenthechippinsandtheinternallogicarray.Itmainlyincludesinputtriggers,inputbuffers,andoutputtriggers.Latchesandoutputbuffers.EachIOBcontrolsapin.Itcanbeindependentlyprogrammedasinput,outputandbidirectionalI/O,veryflexible,andcompatiblewithbothCMOSandTTLlevels.IRisaprogrammableinterconnectionresource,includingvariousmetalwiresandprogrammableconnectionswitches.ItsmaintaskistoconnectCLBsandIOBstoeachothertoformvariouscomplexsystems.Thereare2types:①DirectConnectionline,thiskindofconnectionlinehastheleastdelay,butitislimitedtotheselectionbetweenadjacentCLBandIOB.②Universalinternalconnectionline,whichisthemostflexibleconnectionmethod,whichcanconnectanytwopoints,andisthemostcommonlyusedmethod.③Long-term,thismethodistomakelong-distanceconnectionwiththesmallestdelay,whichisthemostexpensiveresource,anditmustbeusedreasonablyinactualuse.TheinternalstorageunitSRAM(StaticMemory)oftheFieldProgrammableGateArrayisspeciallydesignedandhastheadvantagesofhighreliability,stronganti-interferenceability,andgoodconfidentiality.ThedeviceistestedforsafetyandreliabilitybythemanufacturerbeforeleavingthefactorytoensureInthemostunfavourablecase,safetycanbeguaranteed,andsofterrorswillnotoccur.Therefore,thesystembasedonthefieldprogrammablegatearraydesignhasahighdegreeofreliability.Thesystemdesignbasedonfieldprogrammablegatearrayisdifferentfromthetraditionaldesignmethod.Itisatop-downdesign.Startingfromtheoverallsystemdesignrequirements,thedesigncontentisgraduallyrefined,andfinallytheoverallsystemdesigniscompleted.Thismakesthecircuitdesignmorereasonable,significantlyshortensthedesigncycle,reducesthecost,andreducesthedifficultyofhardwarecircuitdesign.Fieldprogrammablegatearrayistousesoftwaretorealizethefunctionofhardwarecircuit.Youcangetthedesiredhardwarecircuitfunctionbydesigningsoftware.Whenyouwanttomodifythehardwaredesign,youonlyneedtomodifythesoftware.Nowadays,themajorfieldprogrammablegatearraysManufacturersallprovidepowerfulfieldprogrammablegatearraydevelopmentsoftwarepackages.Forgeneralcircuits,itcanbecompletedautomaticallywithoutmanualintervention.Withmanualintervention,thedesignofspecialfunctionalrequirementscanberealized.

Biomedicalengineeringapplicationoffieldprogrammablegatearray

AppliedtomedicalsignaldetectionandprocessingBecausefieldprogrammablegatearrayhasoutstandingperformanceandfastspeed,Therefore,itiswidelyusedinsignalacquisitionandprocessing,whichcanrealizesignalacquisitioncontrolandsignalprocessing.Inthedesignoftheportableelectrocardiograph,thedesignerusesthefieldprogrammablegatearrayCycloneIC6asthecontrolcore,embedstheNiosmicroprocessor,andaddstheDMAandMemoryControllermodulestorealizetheECGsignalacquisitionandstorageintheECGHoltermode.Becausethefieldprogrammablegatearraychipisprogrammable,thespecificimplementationistoimplementtheDMAcontrollerandtheCFcardread/writecontrollerbyhardwareinthefieldprogrammablegatearraytorealizetheleadswitchingduringhigh-speeddataacquisition.Anddatastoragecontrol.Andthefieldprogrammablegatearrayrealizesdigitalfiltering,signalshapingandotherprocessing.Inmanycases,biomedicalsystemsarerequiredtohavetheabilitytoprocesssignalsinrealtime.Forexample,thereal-timefilteringandcompressionofECGsignalsisofgreatsignificancetotheanalysisandresearchofECG.Thereal-timesignalprocessingalsoputsforwardhigherrequirementsonthedevice.Atpresent,thefieldprogrammablegatearrayisattheforefrontofrevolutionarydigitalsignalprocessingtechnology,whichcanmeettheapplicationsystemwithlargecollectionvolumeandhighcomplexityandreal-timerequirements.Intermsofreal-timedigitalsignalprocessing,thefront-endprogrammabledigitalsignalprocessingsystemisgenerallyconstructedbyASICorDSP,orisrealizedbyamaster-slavestructurecomposedofDSPandfieldprogrammablegatearray,andDSPisusedasthehosttocompletealargenumberofcomplexThesignalprocessingalgorithmofthefieldprogrammablegatearrayistheslave,whichmainlyrealizesthelogicfunctioncontrol.Withtheadvancementoffieldprogrammablegatearraytechnology,modernfieldprogrammablegatearrayseriesprovideDSOalgorithmsthatsupporthigh-speedmultiply-accumulateadvancebitchainswithlowsystemoverheadandlowcost,makingfieldprogrammablegatearraysinThefieldoffront-enddigitalsignalprocessinggraduallyreplacesDSP,andreal-timedigitalsignalprocessingandlogicfunctioncontrolaredirectlyrealizedbyfieldprogrammablegatearrays.Inthedesignofreal-timeECGsignalprocessingsystem,afieldprogrammablegatearraydeviceisusedasthecoreprocessingchiptorealizethefront-enddigitalsignalprocessingofECGsignals,includingECGsignalacquisition,ADconversion,ECGfiltering,anddatacompressionAndmodulessuchascommunicationwiththehostcomputer.TheECGsignalprocessingsystemwiththefieldprogrammablegatearrayasthecoreutilizestheabundanthardwareresourcesinmodernfieldprogrammablegatearraystorealizethefilteringanddatacompressionoftheECGsignalinthefieldprogrammablegatearray,effectivelyreducingThecomplexityofthecircuitisreduced,andthecostisreduced.ApplytoimageacquisitionandimageprocessingWhenimageacquisition,ADconversioncontrol,memoryread/writecontrol,datatransmissioncontrolanddatapreprocessingarerequiredaslarge-scalelogicDevices,fieldprogrammablegatearrayscantakeupthistask.Inthedesignofthefieldprogrammablegatearray-basedimagecapturecard,thefieldprogrammablegatearraydeviceXC2S30-5PQ208isusedasthecorecontrolchiptoperformADconversioncontrolSRAMread-writecontrol,andcontroltheADconversionandSRAMandcapturecardDatatransmissionwiththehostcomputer.Inordertoreducetheburdenofthehostcomputer,thefirstfilterprocessingoftheADconvertedsignalisalsoimplementedinthefieldprogrammablegatearray.TheelectronicendoscopeusesaCCDdeviceastheimagesensorforimageacquisition.ThekeytothecontroloftheCCDsensoristocontrolitsdrivesignal,thatis,togeneratethedrivesignalaccordingtoagivenoperationsequence,sothatthevideosignalcollectedbytheCCDcanbeobtained.Inthedesignofmedicalelectronicendoscopesbasedonfieldprogrammablegatearrays,designersusefieldprogrammablegatearraydevicestorealizelogiccontrolfunctions,completesystemtransmissioncontrol,displaybuffercontrol,andtimingcoordinationcontrol,etc.,throughfieldprogrammablegatearrays.Thearrayrealizesthecontrolfunction,andthehardwarefunctioncanbeimprovedonlybychangingthesoftwarewithoutchangingthehardwarecircuitdesign.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofdigitalimageprocessingtechnology,theimageprocessingcontrolcircuithasgraduallyshiftedfromanalogtodigital.Therefore,indigitalimageprocessing,fieldprogrammablegatearrayscanbeusedtoimplementcontrollogictogenerateframememoryread-writecontrol,parityfieldRecognitionsignalandimageprocessingtiming,etc.Inthedesignofmedicalelectronicendoscopesbasedonfieldprogrammablegatearrays,designersusefieldprogrammablegatearraydevicestocompletethereadandwritecontrolofFIFO,generatecomplexandstricttimingcontrolsignalsofVRAM,andrealizedisplaybuffering.TheconversionoftheCCDoutputimageformatensuresthecorrectdisplayoftheimageonthePALstandarddisplay.ThefieldprogrammablegatearraylogiccircuitrealizestheWashmethodinterpolationamplificationandenhancementprocessing,whicheffectivelyimprovesthequalityofthedisplayedimage,andimprovestheimagequalityanddisplayEffect,andthroughthefieldprogrammablegatearraycontrolVRAMmemoryreadandwrite,realizemulti-picturedisplay,imagefreezingandotherdigitalvideoeffects.Atthesametime,6cantakeadvantageofthehighintegration,fastspeedandeasyrealizationofcomplexlogicfunctionsofthefieldprogrammablegatearraytocorrectthedistortionimageoftheelectronicendoscopeinrealtime.Thecorrectioncircuitdesignedinthiswayissmallinsize,easytomanage,andshielded.good.

Development

Basedonthefieldprogrammablegatearraysystemdesign,thedescriptionofitshardwarefunctionsiscompletelyimplementedinsoftware,andthehardwarefunctionscanbeimprovedatanytimebycontinuouslydebuggingthesoftwareinthedesignThisnewsoftwareandhardwaredesignconceptmakesthedesignedsystemhavestrongflexibilityandadaptability.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,theperformanceoftheinstrumentcanbeupgradedbyupgradingthesoftwareinthefuture.Theuseoffieldprogrammablegatearraysinthedesignofmodernmedicalinstrumentswillsignificantlyshortenthedevelopmentcycle,reducedesignrisks,reducecosts,improveproductreliabilityandflexibility,andachievemodularityandminiaturization.Itcanbeexpectedthattheapplicationoffieldprogrammablegatearraysinthefieldofbiomedicalengineeringwillhaveunlimitedprospects.