Computer-related majors

Main courses

Computer application foundation, computer assembly and maintenance, Visual Basic language, professional English, computer graphic and animation design, computer network foundation and local area network construction and management, database Development and application, advertising design and production, website construction and web design, multimedia design and production, e-commerce, network security, communication principles, etc.

Professional classification

Major categories

Including disciplines related to computer, electronics, communications, information, digital, automation, and biomedical engineering, including: electronics and communications Engineering, applied electronic technology, electronic science and technology, computer science and technology, communication engineering, electronic information engineering, microelectronics technology, electrical automation, industrial design, optical information science and technology, nuclear engineering and nuclear technology, electronic information science and technology , Enterprise Information Computer Management, E-commerce, Economic Information Management and Computer Application, Information Management and Information System, Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, Database Application and Information Management, Microelectronic Control Technology, Computer Aided Manufacturing Technology, Computer System Maintenance Technology, Electromechanical Equipment and microcomputer application, computer control technology, computer-aided design, factory computer centralized control, computer assembly and maintenance, computer graphics and image processing, computer art design, computer network engineering and management, information and communication network application technology, information and multimedia technology, Multimedia and network technology, computer network technology, advertising computer production, computer graphic processing and plate making, computer graphics, electronic engineering, computer network and software applications, network technology and information processing, numerical control technology and applications, electrical appliances and computers, information processing and Automation, computer and postal communications, computer-aided mechanical design, mechanical engineering and automation, mechanical manufacturing and automation, mechatronics engineering, computer and information management, office automation technology, microcomputers and applications, electronic technology and microcomputer applications, communication technology, Office automation equipment operation and maintenance, computer application and maintenance, computer application technology, computer communication, electronics and information technology, computer science education, computer software, computer and application, software engineering, information engineering, automation, biomedical engineering, biological engineering, Biology, network engineering, computer and automatic detection, computer application and security management, network and information security, information security, microelectronics, information science, computational mathematics and its application software, information and computational science, computer art design, Internet advertising Design, publishing and computer editing technology, modern information technology education, modern education technology, educational technology, digital media technology, digital media art, cartography and geographic information engineering.

Software

refers to computer-related disciplines that are mainly developed in the direction of software and system development, mainly including: economic information management and computer applications, information management and information systems, computer aids Design and manufacturing, database application and information management, e-commerce, computer and information management, office automation technology, computer control technology, computer-aided design, factory computer centralized control.

Network Management

refers to computer-related disciplines that focus on software and system development in the establishment of disciplines. The professional knowledge of this type of discipline is mainly based on network applications, mainly including: multimedia And network technology, computer network technology, computer and postal communication, computer-aided machinery design, computer and information management, e-commerce, network engineering, computer application and security management, network and information security, Internet advertising design, computer network and software application, Network technology and information processing, information management and information systems, computer software, computers and applications, communication technology, computer communications, electronics and information technology.

Related majors

08060400

08069800

Computer network engineering and management

Computer graphics and image processing

Computer assembly and maintenance

Factory computer centralized control

Computer Aided Design

Application

Computer System Technology

The technology used by a computer as a complete system. Mainly include system structure technology, system management technology, system maintenance technology and system application technology.

①System structure technology

Its function is to enable the computer system to obtain a good problem-solving efficiency and a reasonable price-performance ratio. The advancement of electronic devices, the advancement of microprogramming and solid-state engineering technology, the development of virtual memory technology, operating systems and programming languages, etc., all have a significant impact on the structure and technology of computer systems. It has become a close combination of computer hardware, firmware, and software, and involves multidisciplinary technologies such as electrical engineering, microelectronics engineering, and computer science theory. The system structure technology of modern computers mainly has two aspects: one is the system structure seen by the programmer, which is the conceptual structure and function of the system, and is related to the characteristics of the software design; the other is seen from the hardware designer The system structure is actually the composition or realization of the computer, mainly focusing on the rationalization of the performance-price ratio. But since the 1950s, the system structure seen by programmers has not changed much. The serious disconnection between the traditional computer's computer technology hardware composition and the high-level language has caused software reliability, source program compilation efficiency, and system problem-solving efficiency. This is an important issue that needs to be solved by computer system structure technology. The parallel processing technology developed for the main purpose of increasing the speed of the system is an important direction of system composition technology since the 1970s (see Parallel Processing Computer System). The data flow computer system structure thought that appeared in the 1970s changed the instruction control flow control method of the traditional computer to the data control flow control method. Thereby it is possible to automatically eliminate the obstacles of computational correlation and achieve the goal of high parallelism. Due to the substantial drop in device prices, systems specially designed for a particular purpose, such as database computers, image processing computers, etc., can significantly increase the performance-to-price ratio.

②System management technology

Computer system management automation is realized by the operating system. The basic purpose of the operating system is to make the most effective use of the computer's software and hardware resources to improve the machine's throughput, time-efficiency for solving problems, to facilitate operation and use, to improve the reliability of the system, and to reduce the cost of arithmetic. The basic function of the operating system is the effective management, scheduling and command of various resources of the computer system and even user programs, mainly for job management, file management, data management, processor management, input and output management, storage space management, and human resources. －Machine communication management, terminal network management, system fault management, system recombination and management of other software, etc. In addition, it is also responsible for the protection and confidentiality of users' data and programs, as well as the calculation of charges. Operating system technology is improving versatility, scalability, portability, work efficiency, and reducing auxiliary time.

③System maintenance technology

The technology of computer system to realize automatic maintenance and diagnosis. The main software for implementing maintenance and diagnosis automation is the function check program and the automatic diagnosis program. The function check program aims at all the micro-functions of the various components of the computer system. It uses strict data graphics or action retries to conduct examination tests and compare the correctness of the results to determine whether the components are working properly. According to the specific logic of the component, the automatic diagnosis generates a large amount of test data and fault dictionary with a specific algorithm, uses the diagnostic machine or other special hardware as the "hard core", starts the number of test paths related to the faulty component, and recovers the test Result. Check the fault dictionary for the faulty person to determine the fault location, the coverage of the diagnosis is generally about 90%, and the fault location range is about 1 to 3 plug-ins (see feature analyzer).

④System application technology

The application of computer systems is very extensive. Programming automation and software engineering technology are two aspects that are generally related to applications. Program design automation, that is, the use of computers to automatically design programs, is a necessary condition for the promotion of computers. Early computers relied on manual programming with machine instructions, which was time-consuming and labor-intensive, error-prone, and difficult to read, debug and modify. The assembly language used in the early 1950s corresponds to machine instructions one-to-one, replacing the opcodes and address codes of machine instructions with memory codes and symbol addresses, and then generating machine instructions through a translator, which effectively improved the conditions of program design. It is a low-level language, but it still retains its vitality because it can manually write high-quality programs. The high-level programming language that appeared in the mid-1950s can define strict language and description methods according to the laws and characteristics of the subject algorithm, so that the designer can compile the source program of the subject in the form of language, and then compile the program automatically. The purpose program expressed in the form of machine instructions greatly improves the labor productivity of program design. There are hundreds of high-level programming languages, the main ones are BASIC, FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, PASCAL, etc. Due to the multitude of languages ​​and their incompatibility, program porting is difficult, causing a lot of waste. Therefore, people attach great importance to the issue of creating a unified language. The American ADA language is an example. Algorithmic languages ​​that are close to natural languages ​​are also being explored. Software production engineering is of great significance to the development of computer technology. The software production method is relatively backward, mainly manual, and the degree of automation is poor. The design, modification, and maintenance costs are expensive, and the product error rate is high, resulting in the so-called "software crisis". Therefore, in the late 1960s, "software engineering" was proposed, which regarded software production as a kind of engineering or industry, made software production take a form similar to hardware, and created scientific methods for software design, debugging, maintenance, and production organization management. , Develop software standards, develop tools for software production, etc. The main content of software engineering includes software development methodology and software development support systems. Methodology studies the principles, principles, and techniques of program design to produce programs that are reasonably priced, reliable, and easy to read. The support system mainly proposes support tools for each stage of the software production process to improve the efficiency and quality of software production. Software engineering has received a lot of attention and has been popularized more generally.

Computer device technology

Electronic devices are the material basis of computer systems. The most basic circuits of computer complex logic are "AND gates", "OR gates" and "inverters". The higher-level circuits formed by this have two types: "combination logic" and "sequential logic". These logics are implemented by electronic devices, and the technological changes in electronic devices are usually used as a sign of computer generation. Computer device technology, from vacuum electronic devices in the 1950s to ultra-large-scale integrated circuits in the 1980s, has gone through several major stages of development, increasing the machine assembly density by about 4 orders of magnitude, the speed by about 5-6 orders of magnitude, and the reliability. About 4 orders of magnitude (compared with the device failure rate), the power consumption is reduced by about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude (with a single "gate" as the unit of comparison), and the price is reduced by about 4 to 5 orders of magnitude (with a single "gate" as the comparison unit) Unit). The advancement of device technology has greatly improved the cost-performance ratio of computer systems.

Computer component technology

Computer system is composed of a large number and variety of components. The technical content of various components is very rich, mainly including operation and control technology, information storage technology and information input and output technology.

①Calculation and control technology The calculation and logic functions of the computer are mainly composed of the central processing unit, main memory, channel or I/O processor and various external device controller components Achieved. The central processing unit is at the core. The research results of arithmetic algorithms play an important role in accelerating the four arithmetic operations, especially the multiplication and division operations. As the price of devices decreases, the logic method greatly shortens the time of carry and shift. The application of technology such as instruction overlap, instruction parallelism, pipeline operation, and cache memory can increase the computing speed of the central processing unit. The application of microprogramming technology makes the originally messy and difficult-to-change random control logic flexible and regular. It applies the concept of programming to the realization process of machine instructions, which is a major improvement in the design method of control logic, but Due to the limitation of speed, it is mostly used in medium and small computers, channels and external equipment component controllers. Various controls of early computers were concentrated on the processor, which made the system very inefficient. The production of multi-program and time-sharing system technology and the functional and technical development of various memories and input and output components have made the management method and transmission of internal information in computer systems an important issue. Computer control has moved from centralized to distributed. There are memory control technologies and channels, external device component control technologies, and so on.

②Information storage technology Storage technology enables computers to store extremely large amounts of data and programs in the system to achieve high-speed processing. Due to the sharp contradiction between the capacity, speed, and price of storage means, the memory has to adopt a hierarchical system to form a hierarchical structure of the memory. Memory) and large-capacity external memory, etc. The main memory is the core of the storage system and directly participates in the internal operations of the processor. Therefore, it should have a working speed and a large enough capacity compatible with the processor. Although a variety of storage methods based on different physical principles have appeared since the 1950s, none of them have achieved ideal results. In the mid-1950s, ferrite core memory came out, and it has been used for 20 years. It was not until the mid-1970s that MOS memory technology was gradually eliminated after the rise of MOS memory technology. MOS memory has great advantages in terms of speed, price, power consumption, reliability and process performance, and is an ideal method for main memory. The working speed of the main memory has not been able to keep up with the processor, generally 5 to 10 times slower. In order to give full play to the potential of the processor, there is a cache memory. The cache memory is usually composed of a bipolar device similar to the processor to match the speed of the two. However, due to the high price, the capacity is generally only a few percent of the main memory. A huge amount of computer data is stored in slower speed and lower price external memory. External memory mainly includes disk drives and tape drives. The hierarchical structure of memory relatively eases the contradiction between speed, capacity, and price, but it brings difficulties to users in scheduling storage space. For this reason, the cache space is generally automatically scheduled by hardware to make it transparent to users; with the virtual storage method (see virtual memory), with the support of operating system software, automatic scheduling between main memory and external memory is implemented.

③Information input and output technology

Input and output devices are the means by which computers send in data and programs and send out processing results. The basic input method is based on punched card or paper tape as the carrier, and the data and programs are sent to the computer through the card or paper tape input machine. The keyed floppy disk data input method (ie, data input station) that appeared in the early 1970s has gradually become popular. Optical text readers that directly read printed (or handwritten) texts and data into computers have been realized, and the technology of directly inputting voice images into computers has also achieved certain results. In terms of output, the most common are all types of printers based on percussion technology, but the speed is limited by mechanical movement. The output device of non-percussion technology can significantly increase the speed. There are mainly electrostatic printers that directly apply voltage to the dielectric-coated paper to obtain electrostatic latent images; laser electrostatic printers that form electrostatic latent images by laser scanning on the photoconductor drum ; Inkjet printers that use inkjet fog dots to be charged and deflected by electrodes to form characters. As a light output method, thermal printers that use the principle of thermal paper discoloration when heated are more popular. The output of man-machine dialogue is mostly terminal equipment that uses a picture tube for image and text display. Computer input and output technology is developing towards intelligence.

Computer assembly technology

Assembly technology is closely related to the reliability of the computer system, the convenience of maintenance and debugging, the production process and the delay of information transmission. The reliability of computer electronic devices decreases with the increase of environmental temperature and humidity, and the accumulation of dust may cause short circuit or open circuit of the plug-in or bottom plate. Therefore, refrigeration and air conditioning are important issues that need to be solved in assembly technology. Commonly used methods are: direct refrigeration method of introducing liquid freon into the plug-in cooling fin; water cooling method of using freon to cool the water and then introducing cold water into the plug-in cooling fin; using freon to cool the air, and then sending the cold air into the machine The forced air-cooling method of the warehouse, etc. The first two process structures are more complicated, so air cooling is often used. Another problem that the assembly technology needs to solve is to increase the assembly density. After the computer device enters the sub-nanosecond level, the signal delay generated by a few centimeters of wires is enough to affect the normal operation of the machine, making the problem of assembly density more prominent. The transformation of computer electronic devices has a great impact on assembly technology. The advancement of assembly technology has always been coordinated with the replacement of computers, and has continued to develop towards miniaturization and miniaturization. In the period of electronic tubes, a "door" was a plug-in, which was made by brazing nails and wires. Transistors increase the assembly density by an order of magnitude. Each plug-in unit can contain several "gates", and single-sided or double-sided printed boards are used for assembly. The integrated circuit absorbs the past plug-ins into the device, and at the same time adopts the multi-layer printed plug-in board and the bottom plate, as well as the winding connection process, which greatly improves the assembly density. The application of large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuit gate arrays has enabled the miniaturization of assembly. The typical method is to solder the bare chip of the integrated circuit on more than 30 layers of ceramic chips to form a module, and then solder the module on more than ten layers On the printed board.

Development Trend

Computer technology is facing a series of new major changes. The simple hardware and specialized logic of the Neumann system can no longer adapt to the trend of increasingly complex software and increasingly complex and large subjects. It is required to create a new system that obeys the needs of software and the natural logic of the subject. Parallel, Lenovo, special-purpose functionalization, and the combination of hardware, firmware, and software are important implementation methods of the new system. Computers will transition from information processing and data processing to knowledge processing, and the knowledge base will replace the database. Human-computer conversations in natural language, patterns, images, handwriting, etc. will be the main forms of input and output, bringing the human-computer relationship to an advanced level. GaAs devices will replace silicon devices.

Employment direction

Graduates are mainly for various units of the transportation system, transportation information and e-government construction and application departments, various computer specialized companies, advertising design and production companies, and automobile marketing Technical services, etc. are engaged in IT industry work.