collectivism

Concept

TheconceptofcollectivismwasclearlyputforwardbyStalininaconversationwithBritishwriterWellsinJuly1934("WithBritishwriterHerbertGeorgeWells'Dialogue").Hesaid:"Collectivismandsocialismdonotdenyindividualinterests,butorganicallycombineindividualinterestswithcollectiveinterests."Inhisconversation,hepointedoutthat"thereisnoandthereshouldnotbeirreconcilableoppositionbetweenindividualsandcollectives,betweenindividualinterestsandcollectiveinterests.Thereshouldbenosuchopposition,becausecollectivismandsocialismdonotdenyindividualinterests.Itistocombineindividualinterestswithcollectiveinterests.Socialismcannotleaveoutindividualinterests.Onlyasocialistsocietycanfullysatisfysuchindividualinterests.Inaddition,asocialistsocietyistheonlyreliableguaranteeforprotectingindividualinterests.Herehelinked"collectivism"with"socialistsociety",andlaterbecametheoften-speaking"socialistcollectivism."

Collectivismisaphilosophical,political,religious,economic,orsocialviewpointthatemphasizestheinterdependenceofeveryone.Collectivismisabasicculturalelement,anti-individualisminhumannature(thesamehigh-contextculturehasareverselow-contextculture),andinsomecasesemphasizesthepriorityandcohesionoforganizationalgoalstopersonalgoalsTheimportanceofthesocialgroup(suchasa"group",definedinaspecificcontext).Collectivistsusuallyfocusonthecommunity,society,orcountry.Itisusedasanelementtorunthroughhistoryinmanydifferentanddifferenttypesofgovernmentandpolitical,economicandeducationalphilosophy.Inpractice,allhumansocietiescontainindividualismandcollectivism.Collectivismcanbedividedintohorizontalcollectivismandverticalcollectivism.Horizontalcollectivismemphasizescollectivedecision-makingamongrelativelyequalindividuals,soitisusuallybasedondecentralization.Verticalcollectivismisbasedontheconsistencyofthehierarchicalstructureofpowerandmoralculture,soitisbasedontheconcentrationofpower.Cooperativeenterpriseisanexampleofhorizontalcollectivism,whilemilitaryhierarchyisanexampleofverticalcollectivism.

Content

Thebasicprinciplesofcommunistmorality.Itstartsfromthefundamentalinterestsoftheproletariat,dealswiththerelationshipbetweenindividualsandcollectives,individualsandsociety,emphasizesthatthecollectiveinterestsoftheproletariatarehigherthanindividualinterests,andrequiresthatindividualinterestsobeycollectiveinterests,immediateinterestsobeylong-terminterests,andpartialinterestsobeytheoverallsituation.Benefit.

Collectivismisaninevitablemoralrequirementoftheproletariattofulfillitshistoricalmissionofemancipatingitselfandliberatingallmankind.Itisaconcentratedexpressionofthenoblecharacteroftheproletariat.Collectivismisformedbytheproletariatinthestruggleforproductionandtheclassstruggleagainstthebourgeoisie.Thedevelopmentofmodernlarge-scaleindustryhasmadetheactivitiesofeachproletariansubjecttoeachother'sconstraintsandmachinerestrictions.Atthesametime,italsolinksthefateoftheentireproletariat.Inthefaceofcapitalisteconomicexploitationandpoliticaloppression,noproletarianalonecanchangehisowndestiny.Theproletariatcangetridofexploitationandoppressiononlybyrelyingoncollectivestrength.Thepracticeofclassstrugglehasmadetheproletariatrealizethatthepowerofthecollectivemustbecherishedandtheinterestsofthecollectivemustbesafeguardedinthestruggle.

Theestablishmentofthesocialistsystemprovidesconditionsfortherealizationoftheprinciplesofcollectivism,andallthepeoplehavesetupcommonideals,commongoals,commonethics,andcommondisciplineastheirownrequirements..Undersocialistconditions,theinterestsofthestate,thecollective,andtheindividualarefundamentallyconsistent.Nationalinterestsandcollectiveinterestsarerealizedthroughthecollectiveeffortsofeachworker,andthedevelopmentofnationalandcollectiveinterestsisthemostreliableguaranteefortherealizationofindividualinterests.Onlyinthecollectivecanindividualsachieveoveralldevelopment.

Adheringtotheprincipleofcollectivismisconsistentwiththerecognitionoflegitimatepersonalinterests.Itiswrongwhethercollectivismdenieslegitimatepersonalinterestsorpersonalinterestsopposecollectivism.Collectivismfirstrequirespeopletomaketheirowncontributionstothedevelopmentofsocialcollectiveinterests;theprincipleofcollectivismrespectsthelegitimatepersonalinterestsofworkersandrespectsthefulluseoftheirindividualtalents.

Theprincipleofcollectivismisfundamentallyopposedtotheprincipleofindividualism.Theprincipleofcollectivismopposesandcondemnsputtingpersonalinterestsabovethenationalandcollectiveinterests,letalonedenyingthenationalandcollectiveinterestswithpersonalinterests.Inactuallife,theunificationoftheinterestsofthestate,thecollective,andtheindividualdoesnotmeanthattheinterestsofthethreearecompletelythesameoneveryspecificissue.Contradictionsandconflictsofinterestamongthethreeoftenoccur.Collectivismisamoralprinciple.Ontheonehand,itrequiresthestateandthecollectivetoconstantlyadjustvariouspoliciesandmeasures,careaboutthepersonalinterestsofworkers,andtrytodeveloptheirpersonalinterests;ontheotherhand,italsoguidespeopletoconsciouslyInterestsaresubordinatetocollectiveinterests,andpersonalinterestsareevensacrificedwhennecessarytoprotecttheinterestsofthecollectiveandthecountry.

Inthecommunistethicssystem,theprincipleofcollectivismhasaprofoundimpactonothernormsofcommunistethics.Cultivatingpeople'sconceptsofcollectivismisanimportantpartofcommunistmoraleducation.

Background

Currently,theissueofvalues​​hassurpassedthescopeofphilosophyandhasbecomeafundamentalissueinthehumanitiesandsocialsciences.However,thediscussionofvalues​​issuestendstobemodelized,conceptualized,andhollowedout.Themoreyoutalk,thelessyoucanseethecore.Therearetoomanyslogansandtoomanyconcepts,makingpeopleconfused.Especiallywithregardtotheissueof"whatarecorevalues",variousopinionshaveemerged,whicharealltoomuchtosay,butmostofthemdidnothitthepointoftheproblem.Somepeoplethinkthat"democracy","freedom","equality",and"fraternity"arecorevalues;othersbelievethat"fairness"and"justice"arecorevalues;othersthinkthat"humanfreeandcomprehensivedevelopment"isthecorevalue,etc.,Andmore.Itistruethattheseconceptsandcategorieshavevalueconnotationsandreflectsomeofthevaluesustenanceofhumansociety,buttheyhavebecomesloganthingstoalargeextent,makingthecorevalues​​havebecomemoreandmorewrappedinconcepts.Ithinderspeople'sunderstandingofthenatureoftheproblem.

Values​​arepeople'sreflectionsofsocialexistence.Values​​refertopeople'soverallevaluationandoverallviewofthemeaningandimportanceofsurroundingobjectivethings(includingpeople,things,andthings).Theyareusedbymembersofsocietytoevaluatebehaviors,things,andchoosetheirdesiredgoalsfromavarietyofpossiblegoals.Guidelines.Thesegeneralevaluationsandgeneralopinions,inthefinalanalysis,reflectpeople'sattitudestowardsinterests.Inotherwords,values​​aretheintereststhatpeopleareawareof.People'sactualinterestsarediversified,andtheintereststhatpeoplerealizearealsodiversified,sopeople'svalues​​arealsodiversified.Amongthemanyinterests,therearetwobasicinterests,namelypersonalinterestsandpublicinterests;atthesametime,therearealsotwobasicvalueconcepts,namelyindividualisticvalues​​andcollectivistvalues.Therefore,fromtheperspectiveoftheessentialdecisiveroleofinterestinvalues,thehumanvaluesystemplaysadominantroleoverothervalues,andthereareonlytwocorevalues:oneisindividualismandtheotheriscollectivism.

Collectivismisthecorevalueconceptofsocialism,whichhasalwaysbeenemphasizedbythedominantpublicopinioninoursociety.Withtheestablishmentofthemarketeconomicsystem,thecollectiveinthetraditionalsenseisundergoingprofoundchanges,andthepatternofsocialinterestshasshiftedfromsingletomultiple,andsocialthoughtsthatemphasizetheindividual'ssubjectstatus,subjectconsciousnessandsubjectrightshavegraduallybecomestrong.However,therequirementsofthesocialistmarketeconomyforthemainbodyofinterestarenotonlydecomposingfromunitytopluralism,butmoreimportantly,forminganewunityofmutualbenefit,win-win,andcoordinateddevelopmentonthebasisofmultiplestakeholders.Themodernmarketeconomycannotbeestablishedonthebasisof"atomization"and"desertification"causedbyextremeindividualism.Thesocialistmarketeconomybasedonthedivisionoflaborandmultiplestakeholdersitselfcontainsacallforcollectivism.However,thepastcollectivismhasnotbeenbaptizedbythemarketeconomy.Undertheconditionsofthemarketeconomythatemphasizesthestatusofindividualsubjects,peoplehavedoubtsaboutwhethercollectivismcanbecombinedwiththemarketeconomy.Therefore,itisnecessarytosortoutthehistoryandlogicofcollectivism,andusethisasabasistofigureoutwhatthecollectivismandcollectivismweareabouttobuildshouldbe.

Basisfordistinction

Collectivism,asthebasicprincipleofsocialistmorality,"isthefundamentalcriterionforhandlingindividualinterestsandoverallinterests,andisthemostimportantcriterionforadjustingthevariousnormativerequirementsofpeople’smutualrelations.Thebasicstartingpointandguidingprinciples"[1].Sincetheinterestrelationshipsbetweenindividualsandothersandcollectivesareubiquitous,themoralprinciplesgoverningtheinterestrelationshipsbetweenpeopleactuallycoverallareasofsociallife.Whencollectivismisnotonlyregardedastheinternalyardstickofindividualbehavior,butalsoasthebasicbasisforintegratingsocialorderandsystemdesign,itisnotonlyamoralprinciple,butalsoabasicvalueprincipleofsociety.JustasindividualismisnotonlyamoralprinciplebutalsoacorevalueofthecountryinWesternsociety,intheeyesofWesterners,theentiresocietyandtheirnoblestaspirationsarecloselylinkedtoindividualism.Abandoningindividualismisequivalenttogivinguptheirbest.Profoundessence.Infact,inanysociety,whetheryouareawareofitornot,thebasicsocialvalues​​containedinculturaltraditionsandembodiedinthesocialsystemarealwaysplayingthefundamentalroleofintegratingsociety,andindividualismandcollectivismarethetwomostbasictypes.type.

ComparedwithWesternsociety,itisnotindividualismbutcollectivismthatplaysafundamentalroleinintegrationinChinesesociety.However,itwouldbewrongtogenerallythinkthatcollectivismissuperiortoindividualism,becausecollectiveshavequalitativedifferences,andcollectivismhasqualitativedifferences.Asweallknow,MarxandEngelsdividedcollectivesinto"realcollectives"and"illusorycollectives"("falsecollectives","fakecollectives",etc.).AbasicbasisforMarxandEngelstodistinguishbetweentrueandfalsecollectivesisthestatusofindividualfreedominthecollective,thatis,whethertheindividual"controlshisownlivingconditionsandthelivingconditionsofallmembers".Theybelievethatinthepast,thecollectiveisa"fetter"fortheoppressed.Eventheexploiterhasso-calledfreedombecauseheisnotasanindividualbutasamemberoftherulingclass.OnceitexceedstheclassIntermsofscope,hehastofacetheunfreedombroughtaboutbynotbeingabletooccupythelivingconditionsofothersforfree,sothestateisalsofalsetohim.However,"Inthecollectiveofrevolutionaryproletarianswhocontroltheirownlivingconditionsandthelivingconditionsofallmembersofsociety,thesituationiscompletelydifferent.Inthiscollective,individualsparticipateasindividuals.Itissuchaunionofindividuals(Naturallybasedonthealreadydevelopedproductiveforcesatthattime),thiscombinationputstheconditionsofindividualfreedevelopmentandmovementundertheircontrol."Itcanbeseenthatonlywhenthecollectiveisa"combination"ofindividualswhocontroltheconditionsforsurvivalanddevelopmentofthemselvesandothermembers,thecollectiveistrueforindividuals.

AlthoughMarxandEngelsmainlydiscussthetrueandfalseofthecollectiveatthenational,class,andsociallevels,inasense,"thiskindof'realcollective'isafreeassociationofpeople,thatis,communism."Society",butthisdoesnotaffectthemethodologythatwecandrawfromittodistinguishthenatureofthecollective,becausethebudsofthetruecollectiveinthefuturewillbecontainedintherealcollective.Themethodologicalenlightenmentis:thecollectiveisdividedintotrueandfalse;thetrueorfalseofthecollectivedependsonwhethertheindividualsinthecollectivecontrolthelivingconditionsofthemselvesandothersandthedegreeofcontrol;thetruecollectiveisthetoolforindividualsurvivalanddevelopment,andthefalsecollectiveistheindividualTheshacklesofsurvivalanddevelopment;thiscontradictionbetweentheindividualandthecollectiveistheinternaldrivingforcethatdrivesthecollectivefromfalsetotrue.Inshort,intheanalysisofthenatureofthecollective,MarxandEngelsusedtheindividualasthestartingpointanddestinationoftheanalysisofthecollective,andthenrevealedthatindividualfreedomandall-rounddevelopmentaretheessenceofthecollective,andthestruggleoftheindividualtocontrolthelivingconditionsofhimselfandallmembersisTheinternaldrivingforceofcollectiveevolution,thehighestlevelinthehistoryofcollectiveevolutionistheunionoffreemen.Thishistoricalmaterialistanalysisofcollectivesprovidesascientificmethodologyforustodistinguishbetweentrueandfalsecollectivesandcollectivism.

Familyandcountryhavethesamestructure

Inlinewiththelongfeudalsystem,thecorecontentofcollectivismintraditionalChinesecultureispatriarchal(orpseudo-patriarchal)nature."Patriarchalcollectivismisalsocalledfeudalpatriarchalcollectivism.Itisinseparablefromthefeudalpatriarchalsystem.InthefeudalpatriarchalsystemofChina,thefeudalsocietyislinkedbybloodrelationsandintegratedwiththenationalsystemtoprotecttheparents,patriarchs,andpatriarchs.Thearistocracy’shereditaryruleandhereditaryprivilegesformedafeudalpatriarchalsystemcomposedofpoliticalpower,theocracy,anddictatorship,andformedahierarchicalpatriarchalsystem.Asthesesystemsaremanifestedinthefieldofideology,cultureandvalues,itisawaytosafeguardthecountry,Collectivismcenteredonnationandaristocracyiscalledholism,whileindividualinterestsmustbeabsolutelysubordinatetotheinterestsofclan,soitiscalledpatriarchalcollectivism"

ThedistinguishingfeatureofthefeudalpatriarchalsystemisthatthebloodfamilyThemodelofthestatesystem.In"MenciusLiLou",itsays:"Peoplehavepersistentwords,andtheyallcalltheworldandthecountry,theworldisthecountry,andthecountryisathome."Thisstatementconfusesthetwodifferentsocialorganizationsof"home"and"country".One,andregardthefamilyasthefoundationofthecountry.Inhisbook"RationandDemocracy",ZhangDongsungaveaspecificdescriptionofthiskindofsocialorganizationstructureofmixedfamilyandcountry:"China'ssocialorganizationisabigfamilywithcountlesssmallfamilieswithmultiplelayers.Itcanbesaidthatitisafamily.Hierarchy.Theso-calledemperoristhefatherofacountry,andtheministeristhesonoftheemperor.Insuchahierarchicallyorganizedsociety,thereisnoconceptof"individual".Allpeoplearenotfathersorsons.Theyarenottheemperor,thatis,theyareministers.Theyarenothusbands.,Isawoman.Notabrother,orayoungerbrother.”ThisvividlyshowsthatthefamilyorganizationalstructurehasanextremelyprofoundimpactontheformationanddevelopmentofChinesesocialorganization,and“foundedintheancienttimesofrespectforthestatusandauthorityoftheheadofthefamily.ThepatriarchalsystembasedonthepatriarchalconceptisthetheoreticalfoundationestablishedbytheChinesegovernment."

Whyistheresuchacharacteristicofsocialorganizationstructureandwhatisthekeypoint?Somescholarsbelievethatthisisrelatedtotheformationoftheearlystate:"ThedevelopmentcontextofancientChinesehistoryisnottoreplacethepatriarchalsocietylinkedbyclanbloodtieswithaslavecountry,butfromthefamilytothecountry,andmaintaintheslavesbybloodties.System,formingapatternof“familyandcountryasone”.”Scholarswhostudytheoriginofthecountrybelievethatthereweretwodifferentmodelsoftheoriginofthecountryintheearlydays:oneisthe“clanmodel”,suchasancientAthensandRome;theotheristhe“chiefdommodel”",ancientChinafallsintothiscategory.Astheearliestsocialorganizationofmankind,clanandchiefdomareancientsocialsystemsbasedonbloodrelationship.Withtheadditionoftheforeignpopulationandtheemergenceofsurplusproducts,theoriginalprincipleofequaldistributionwithintheclansandchiefdomswasgraduallybroken,andthe"father-like,purelymoral"powerbegantofollowtwodifferentpathstotheearlycountries.Thetransformationofthepowerstructure.Oneisthepathofdecentralizationundertheclanmodel.Forexample,accordingtoMorgan’stextualresearch,clanandtribalpoliticalorganizationshaveexperiencedthe“one-powerstage”wherepowerwasconcentratedinthetribalcouncil,the“two-powerstage”wherethetribalchief’splenipotentiaryassemblycoexistedwiththehighestmilitarycommander,and“inthechiefs’councilandthemilitaryInadditiontothecommander-in-chief,thereisathirdpowerpoint-the"three-powerstage"ofthePeople'sCongress.Obviously,thefocusofthedecentralizationpathistopreventexcessiveconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofindividuals.Asaresult,"amodelofgreatsignificanceinthehistoryofhumanpoliticshasbeenformed,thatis,themodelofso-calleddemocraticpolitics.EngelsoncedirectlyreferredtotheAthenianstateas'DemocraticRepublic'".Thesecondisthecentralizedpathunderthechiefdommodel."Inthenationalprocessofthesesocieties,powerevolveddirectlyfromthepowerofthechief,thechiefofthechiefdom."Whenthechiefallocatesmoregoodstohiscloserelativesintheredistributionofsurplusgoods,"thespecialroleoftheindividualhaseconomicmeaning";Whenassignedtofollowers,"thespecialroleoftheindividualhaspoliticalimplications."Thechief'spersonalspecialroleincollectivemanagementbegantochangetoindividualpower,andgatheredaroundpowertoformapowerfulgroup,whichinturnstrengthenedthechief'spersonalcoercivepower.Thedifferencebetweentheabovetwomodelsiswhetherthepowerisrestricted."Chiefdomsareasocietywithaclearpersonalpoliticalpowercolor.Whentheytransformintothestate,theyinheritthelegacyofpersonalrulepolitically,anddeveloptheearliestformofauthoritarianpoliticsinmankindfromit."

First,patriarchalcollectivismistheculturalsoilthatbreedsindividualpower.Inthecategoryofpatriarchalcollectivism,patriarchalpoliticsisitscorecontent.Acomplexpowerrelationshipnetworkisformedaroundthesocietyoflargeandsmallpaternalisticfigures.Theindividual"parents"overridethecollectiveandcontrolthedestinyofthemembersofthegroup;individualsareattachedtothecollectiveandformapersonaldependencyrelationshipwiththelargeandsmall"parents".Withinthepatriarchalcollective,whatprevailscanonlybeauthoritarianismplus"the‘slavemorality’ofbeingone’sown."

Secondly,patriarchalcollectivismistheculturalsoilforcreatinghierarchyandpowerrelations."Theessenceofthepatriarchalsystemisthepoliticizationofthefamilysystem"[6-2],whichnotonlyreferstotheisomorphismoftheorganizationalstructure,butalsotheisomorphismofthegovernancemethods.Familygovernancefollowsthe"HumanityandKinship"principleexplainedinthe"BookofRites":"Respecttheancestorbyrelatives,respecttheancestor,respecttheancestor,respecttheancestorandaccepttheclan."Thislogicisextendedtosociety.Theprincipleofgoverningthecountrywithadistincthierarchy:"Thewaytogovernpeopleisnottobeeager...Theorderoftheeldersandtheupsanddowns.”Inthisway,thehumanrelationsorderisusedtoendowthehierarchywithnaturalrationality,themoraletiquetteisusedtosuppressthepoliticalgamebetweendifferentinterestgroups,andtheethicalrulesofhumanityandrelativesareusedtoeliminatethecollectivemembersbasedonthemselves.Therationalityofinterestswillleadtothepossibilityoftradinginrules.

Third,patriarchalcollectivisminhibitstheformationofindividualrightsconsciousness.Underthepatriarchalsystem,thevalueofindividuallifeismainlyrealizedinethicalandpoliticalrelations.Therefore,"ThereisnopersonalconceptinChina;apersondoesnotseemtoexistforhimself."Although"thesenseofresponsibilityandobligationtothegroupisthegeneralsocialpsychologicalstructurecommontotheentireChinesenation(fromtheemperortothecommonpeople)","thisChinese-styleviewofresponsibilitylackstheconceptofpersonalityasthesolesubjectofresponsibility"[9],theindividualhasonlytheobligationofobedienceanddependence,andthereisnoroomforclaimingindividualrights.

Obviously,theessenceofpatriarchalcollectivismisdespotismandslavery.Itisincompatiblewiththemoderndemocraticsystem.Itisthedregsthatwemustdiscardwhenwemovetowardsmoderndemocracy.

Attributes

Foralongtime,peopleintuitivelybelievethattheconceptofprivateisconcrete,andthedefinitionofindividualismiseasytounderstand,thatis,self-interest,theinterestofanindividualorasmallgroup.Itisalsomorethorough.Theconceptofpublicisgeneralized.Forcollectivism,itisregardedasabstract,invisibleandintangible,whichisdeterminedbytheattributesofcollectivism.Thecollectiveinterestsreferredtobycollectivismarecomposedofmultiplelevels,namelythecommoninterestsofsociety,nationalinterests,nationalinterests,andtheinterestsoforganizationsandsocialunits.Thesearealsospecificanddeterminable,butsomepeopledonotwanttoadmitorevenconfuseitspracticality,sothatpersonalinterestscanbemoreprotected.

Facts

Socialistsocietymustestablishvalues​​withcollectivismasitscore,whichisdeterminedbythesocialisteconomicfoundationandsocialistproductionmethods.Undersocialistconditions,sincethereisessentiallynoconflictoffundamentalinterestsamongmembersofsociety,thefundamentalinterestsofsocietyorthestate,collectives,andindividualsaregenerallythesame.Thecorevalues​​ofcollectivismundersocialistconditionsspecificallyincludethreebasicprinciples:First,theinterestsofsociety,collectives,andindividualsmustbeunified;second,theinterestsofsocietyandcollectivesarehigherthanpersonalinterests;third,thelegitimateinterestsofindividualsTobefullyrespected.Whentheinterestsofsocietyandcollectivesconflictwithpersonalinterests,personalinterestsshouldbesubordinatetotheinterestsofsocietyandcollectives.

Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmenthistoryofhumansociety,individualismandcollectivismaretheproductsofthehistoricaldevelopmentofhumansociety.Theycannotbecharacterizedingeneral,letaloneaffirmedordeniedingeneral,butdependonthespecificsociety.Historicalconditions.Fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentofhumansociety,bothindividualismandcollectivismhaveanadvancedside:individualismemphasizestheliberationofindividuality.ItisforliberatingpeoplefromthepersonalattachmentrelationshipsoftheEuropeanMiddleAges,recognizingtherightofindividualstopursueinterests,andgivingplaytothem.Individualcreativityisofpositivesignificanceinpromotingsocialprogress.Collectivismisextremelyimportantunderthehistoricalconditionsofobjectiveandpluralisticnational,national,andsocialinterests.Withoutit,societywillhavenocohesion,especiallyforpoorandbackwarddevelopingcountries.Inotherwords,theformationofpolitical,ideological,andideologicalunityplaysavitalroleinthedevelopmentofnation-states.

Historicalchanges

Traditionalcultureistheproductofhistoricalaccumulation.Asanestablishedforce,traditionalculturecannotonlybecombinedwiththeprogressivefactorsofthetimestoformanideologicalforcethatpromotessocialdevelopment,butalsobecombinedwiththebackwardfactorsinrealitytobecomeabreedinggroundforcorruptforces.Ifthepoliticalandculturalcoressuchasofficialstatusandhierarchicalsystemareremoved,thetraditionalculturecarriesthepreciousmonk,humilityandcourtesy,honestyandtrustworthiness,self-cultivationandself-reliance,seesrighteousness,diligenceandintegrity,self-denial,self-denial,courageandpatriotism,etc.Theculturalconnotationofcollectivismcanbecombinedwiththethemeofthetimesandbecomeaninexhaustiblesocialcapitalforshapinganewtypeofcollectiveandcollectivism.Fromtheperspectiveofhistoricalprogress,thefirsttoshakethefoundationofthepatriarchalcollectivismsystemwastheRevolutionof1911.Sincethen,thepatriarchalsystemofimperialpowerhasended.However,thepatriarchalcollectivismhasnotdisappeared.Instead,itsurviveswithculturalandcustomaryforcesasthecarrier.Wheneverthereisanopportunity,itwillnourishvariousformsofpatriarchalcollectives.TheNewCultureMovementturnedthespearheadofcriticismtothefeudalorthodoxyrepresentedbyConfucianism,openingthefloodgatestocontaintheflowofnewideas.Thespreadofideasofindependence,equality,freedom,anddemocracyinthemodernWesthasgivenpeopleaprofoundreflectionandawakeningofautocracyandslaveryunderthepatriarchalcollective.

ThevictoryoftheOctoberRevolutioninRussiaenabledtheadvancedChinesetoseeanewsubjectofvalueadaptedtosocialdevelopment.BecausetheOctoberRevolutionwasa"victoryofthecommonpeople"and"victoryoflaborism",thischangedthethinkingoftheChinesewhosufferedfromimperialisthumiliationandwarlordmeleeanddeeplydoubtedWesterncapitalism:LearnfromRussia,"Usingrevolutionarymeanstobuildacountryoftheworkingclass(thatis,theproductionclass)".Forthefirsttime,the"workingclass"wasregardedasthevaluesubjectofthecountry.AfterMarxismenteredChina,itbrokethehistoricalviewofdividingpeopleaccordingtoblood,patriarchy,andhierarchyforthousandsofyears,andprovidedanewmethodofdividingsocialgroupsaccordingtotheprincipleofeconomicinterests,sothatChina’sadvancedelements"nolongerseparatedfromeachother."Lookingatthefogfromthescreenwindow",ithasjumpedoutofthevagueconceptsof"national"and"national",andrecognizedthetruepowerofhistoricaldevelopment-theworkingclass.Forthefirsttime,moralityandinterestsareinthe"workingclass"and"producingclass".Thisnewvaluesubjecthasachievedunity,andtraditionalculturehasarealisticcarrierthatintegrateswiththetimes.

Aftertheestablishmentofanewvaluesubject,China'ssocialorganizationbegantochange.BeforetheMayFourthMovement,MaoZedong’sviewofhistorywasstilltheheroicviewofhistoryofXiShengXixian,but"aftertheRussianOctoberRevolutionandtheMayFourthMovement,hefinallyrealizedthatonlythe'people'sunity'isthetransformation.Thefundamentalmethodofnationalsociety.Hehasexploredthe'bigoriginal'thathasbeendreamedofformanyyearsfromthemasses."This"greatalliance"formedonthebasisofthe"commoninterestsoftheclass"isadenialofthesocialorganizationbasedonthepatriarchalrelationship.Itsfocusisnolongersimplytoseparatetheindividualfromthepatriarchalcollective.Itistobreakthepatriarchalhierarchy,re-dividethepopulationaccordingtotheprincipleofinterest,andre-integratethesocietyaccordingtotheprincipleofequality.ThisprofoundchangeintheunderstandingofthesubjectofvaluelaidtheideologicalfoundationforthebirthoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandthePeople'sArmywiththepeople'sinterestsasthesupremepurpose,andlaidthefoundationforChina'stransformationfromatraditionalcountrytoamoderncountry.

DuringtheRevolutionaryWar,MaoZedongclearlyproposed"ServingthePeople",thecorevalueconceptoftheChineseCommunists.ThisconceptisthehistoricalmaterialismofMarxismandChina.TheproductofthecombinationoftherealityoftherevolutionandtraditionalChineseculture.Itnotonlyputstheinterestsofthepeopleinthepositionofthesupremepurposeofapoliticalparty,butalsoputsthepeopleinthepositionofmastersofthefuturecountry.TheCommunistPartyisalwaysthepeoplewhorealizetheirowninterests.tool.Underthispoliticallogic,anewtypeofinterpersonalrelationship-comradeshipwasformedwithintherevolutionarycollective.The"comrade"relationshipnotonlyembodiestheadvancedconceptsofhumancivilizationsuchasindependence,equality,freedom,anddemocracy,butalsocarriesthemoralelementsoftraditionalChineseculturesuchasloyaltytoservethecountryandbenevolence,justice,etiquette,wisdom,andtrust.Anunprecedentedunitywasachieved,andrevolutionarycollectivismemergedspontaneouslyinthecombinationofChineseandWesterncultures.