Cloud computing platform

Features

Cloudplatformsgenerallyhavethefollowingfeatures:

Hardwaremanagementishighlyabstractforusers/purchasers:usersdonotatallIknowwhichmachineswherethedataisprocessed,anddon’tknowhowtoprocessit.Whentheuserneedsacertainapplication,theusergivesinstructionstothe“cloud”,andtheresultisdisplayedonhisscreenwithinashorttime.superior.Thedistributedresourcesofcloudcomputinghidetheimplementationdetailsfromusersandfinallypresentthemtousersasawhole.

Users/purchasers’investmentininfrastructureisconvertedtoOPEX(OperatingExpense):Enterprisesandinstitutionsnolongerneedtoplantheirowndatacenters,nordotheyneedtospendtheirenergyonITmanagementthathasnothingtodowithyourmainbusiness.Theyonlyneedtogiveinstructionstothe"cloud"togetdifferentlevelsandtypesofinformationservices.Thetime,energy,andmoneysavedcanbeinvestedintheoperationoftheenterprise.Forindividualusers,thereisnolongeraneedtoinvestalotofmoneytobuysoftware.Theservicesinthecloudhavealreadyprovidedthefunctionstheyneed,andanydifficultycanbesolved.Infrastructurecapabilitiesarehighlyflexible(increaseanddecrease):theycanbedynamicallyexpandedandconfiguredasneeded.Cloudcomputingplatformscanberoughlydividedintothefollowingthreecategories:

1.Storagecloudplatformsbasedondatastorage;

2.Computingcloudplatformsbasedondataprocessing;

3.Acomprehensivecloudcomputingplatformthattakesintoaccountbothcomputinganddatastorageandprocessing.

Servicetypesofcloudplatforms

Softwareasaservice

Softwareasaserviceapplicationsruncompletelyinthecloud.Softwareasaserviceisorientedtousersandprovidesstableonlineapplicationsoftware.Whatusersbuyistherighttousethesoftware,nottheownershipofthesoftware.Usersonlyneedtousethenetworkinterfacetoaccesstheapplicationsoftware.Forordinaryusers,theyusuallyuseasimpleclientlikeabrowser.Themostpopularsoftware-as-a-serviceapplicationmaybeSalesforce.corn,butofcoursetherearemanyotherapplicationslikeit.Thesupplier'sserverisvirtuallypartitionedtomeettheapplicationneedsofdifferentcustomers.Forcustomers,thesoftware-as-a-serviceapproachdoesnotrequireupfrontinvestmentinserversandsoftware.Forapplicationdevelopers,itisonlynecessarytomaintainauniqueversionoftheapplicationforalargenumberofcustomers.

Platformasaservice

Themeaningofplatformasaserviceisthatacloudplatformprovidescloudservicesforapplicationdevelopment,ratherthanbuildingitsownclientinfrastructure.Forexample,adeveloperofanewsoftwareasanapplicationserviceconductsresearchanddevelopmentonacloudplatform.Thedirectusersofthecloudplatformaredevelopersratherthanordinaryusers.Itprovidesdeveloperswithastabledevelopmentenvironment.

Additionalservices

Eachapplicationinstalledlocallycanprovideuserswithusefulfunctions,andanapplicationcansometimesaccessthecloudSpecialapplicationservicesinthetoenhancethefunction.Becausetheseservicesonlyworkforspecificapplications,theycanbeseenasanadditionalservice.Forexample,Apple'siTunes,theclient'sdesktopapplicationisveryusefulforplayingmusicandotherbasicfunctions,andanadditionalserviceallowsuserstopurchaseaudioandvideoonthisbasis.Microsoft'shostingserviceprovidesanenterprise-levelexample,whichprovidesadditionalservicestolocallyinstalledexchangeservicesbyaddingsomeothercloud-basedfunctions(suchasspamfilteringfunctions,filefunctions,etc.).

Advantagesandchallengesofcloudplatformservices

Firstofall,howtoachievecross-platformandcross-serviceproviderissuesincloudservices,whichmeansthatserviceprovidersmustdevelopfunctionsandcompatibilityThetrade-offismadeintermsofsex.EarlycloudcomputingprovidedAPIsthatweremuchmorerestrictivethantraditionalservicesystemssuchasdatabases.Thecodebetweenvariousserviceproviderscannotbeuseduniversally,whichbringsalotofprogrammingburdentocross-platformdevelopers.

Secondly,howtomanagevariouscloudserviceplatformsisalsoachallengeforserviceproviders.Comparedwithtraditionalsystems,largecloudplatformsareaffectedbythreefactors:limitedmanualintervention,largeworkloadchanges,andavarietyofshareddevices.Eachcloudplatformcompanyhasitsownmanagementplan:forexample,Amazon'sEC2Thehardware-levelvirtualmachineisusedastheprogramminginterface,whilesalesforce.cornhasimplementeda"multi-tenant"virtualmachinewithmultipleindependentmodesonadatabasesystem.Ofcourse,othersolutionsarealsofeasible.Eachsolutionhasdifferentdisadvantagesandadvantages.

Inaddition,thesecurityissuesandprivacyprotectionofcloudplatformsareparticularlydifficulttoguarantee.Securityissuescannolongerbeguaranteedbythephysicalboundariesofcomputersornetworks.Manyencryptionanddecryptionalgorithmsfordataprotectioninthepastareveryexpensive.Howtoadoptsomesuitablesecuritystrategiesforlarge-scaledataisaverybigchallenge.Thechallengesofcloudservicesalsoincludethestabilityandreliabilityofservices.InAugust2009,Google’scloudcomputingservicesexperiencedseriousproblems,andservicessuchasGmail,Blogger,andSpreadsheetweredownforalongtime.OnJuly21,2008,thesimplestorageservice(s3),themaincomponentofAmazon'sonlinecomputingservice,apparentlyfailedonSunday(July20).Amazon'sservicehealthconsolereportsthattheerrorrateofs3servicesintheUnitedStatesandEuropehasincreased,andmanycustomershaveservicedowntimeformorethan6hours.SuchcloudserviceaccidentsoftencausehugelossestobanksorInternetcompanies.Therefore,whethercloudserviceproviderscanprovidelong-termandstableservicesisalsooneofthemainconcernsofenterpriseswhentheychoosecloudservices.

Finally,ascloudcomputingbecomesmoreandmorepopular,itisexpectedthatnewapplicationscenarioswillemerge,whichwillalsobringnewchallenges.Forexample,peopleneedtoextractusefulinformationfromstructured,semi-structuredorunstructuredheterogeneousdata.Atthesametime,thisalsoshowsthat"cloud"integratedserviceswillinevitablyappear.Thefederatedcloudarchitecturewillnotreducebutonlyincreasethedifficultyoftheproblem.Insummary,itcanbeseenthatcloudcomputingandcloudplatformservicesthemselvesdohavehugeadvantagesinappropriatescenarios,butatthesametimetheyfacemanytechnicalproblemsthatneedtobesolvedurgently.

Securityofcloudplatformservices

Whilecloudcomputingbringsconveniencetousers,itssecurityissueshavealsobecomethefocusoftheindustry.Gartnerpredictsthatcontentsecurityservicesaccountedfor20%ofthesecurityservicesmarketin2008,anditisexpectedtoaccountfor60%ofthemarketby2013.Thesecurityapplicationservicesprovidedbycloudcomputingwillincreasethreetimesin2013.Therefore,itssecurityissueisanunavoidabletopic.Let'stakealookatthesevenrisksofcloudcomputinglistedbyGartner.

(1)Accesstoprivilegedusers.Processingsensitiveinformationoutsidethecompanymaybringrisksbecauseitwillbypassthe"physical,logical,andmanualcontrol"ofthisinformationbythecorporateITdepartment.Enterprisesneedtofullyunderstandtheadministratorswhohandlethisinformation,andrequireserviceproviderstoprovidedetailedadministratorinformation.

(2)Reviewability.Usersareultimatelyresponsiblefortheintegrityandsecurityoftheirowndata.Traditionalserviceprovidersneedtopassexternalauditsandsecuritycertifications,butsomecloudcomputingprovidersrefusetoacceptsuchreviews.

(3)Datalocation.Whenusingcloudcomputingservices,usersdonotknowwheretheirdataisstored,andusersdonotevenknowwhichcountrythedataislocatedin.Usersshouldasktheserviceproviderwhetherthedataisstoredinaspeciallymanagedlocationandwhethertheyfollowthelocalprivacyagreement.

(4)Dataisolation.Underthecloudcomputingsystem,allusers'dataarelocatedinasharedenvironment.Encryptioncanplayarole,butitisnotenough.Usersshouldunderstandwhetherthecloudcomputingproviderisolatessomedatafromothers,andwhethertheencryptionserviceisdesignedandtestedbyexperts.Ifthereisaproblemwiththeencryptionsystem,alldatawillnolongerbeusable.

(5)Datarecovery.Eveniftheuserdoesnotknowwherethedataisstored,thecloudcomputingprovidershouldalsotelltheuserwhatkindofsituationtheuser'sdataandserviceswillfaceintheeventofadisaster.Whenthereisaproblemwithanydataandapplicationsthathavenotbeenbackedup,theuserneedstoasktheserviceproviderwhetherithastheabilitytorestorethedataandhowlongitwilltake.

(6)Investigationsupport.Inacloudcomputingenvironment,itisdifficulttoinvestigateinappropriateorillegalactivities,becausedatafrommultipleusersmaybestoredtogetherandmaybetransferredbetweenmultiplehostsordatacenters.Iftheserviceproviderdoesnothavemeasuresinthisregard,itwillbedifficultforuserstoinvestigatewhenanillegalactoccurs.

(7)Long-termsurvival.Ideally,cloudcomputingproviderswillnotgobankruptorbeacquiredbylargecompanies.However,usersstillneedtoconfirmwhethertheirowndatawillbeaffectedwhensuchproblemsoccur,howtoretrievetheirowndata,andwhethertheretrieveddatacanbeimportedintoareplacementapplication.

CloudComputing

CloudComputingisanemergingcommercialcomputingmodel,whichiscomposedofdistributedcomputing(DistributedComputing),parallelprocessing(ParallelComputing),andInternetGridComputinghasevolvedgradually.Thereisnoauthoritativedefinitionofcloudcomputingintheindustry,andpeople'sunderstandingofcloudcomputingisconstantlychanging.ChinesecloudcomputingexpertProfessorLiuPengoncegavethefollowingdefinition:"Cloudcomputingistoallocatetaskssubmittedbyuserstotheresourcepoolformedbythedatacenterservercluster.Thesystemcanprovidecorrespondingcomputingpowerandstoragespaceaccordingtotheneedsofusers.Orallkindsofsoftwareservices".

Cloudcomputingcanbeexplainedintwodimensions,anarrowsenseandabroadsense.Inanarrowsense,cloudcomputingusuallyreferstoadatacenterestablishedbycloudcomputingserviceprovidersthroughaseriesoftechnologiessuchasvirtualizationanddistributedcomputing.Someoftheseservicesareprovidedforfreeforuserexperience,andsomecustomizedbusinessuserscanrentasneeded.Theseservicescovervariousservicessuchasdataanalysisanddatastorage.Inabroadsense,cloudcomputingreferstotheuseoflarge-scaleserverclustersestablishedbycloudcomputingserviceproviderstoprovideasetofcustomizedsolutionsaccordingtodifferenttypesofcustomers.Theseservicescovercomputinganalysis,hardwarerentalandonlinesoftware.Servicesetc.

Wecangenerallyunderstandthe"cloud"incloudcomputingasacollectionofvarioustypesofresourcesthatexistonaclouddatacenterservercluster.Theseresourcesaredividedintohardwareresourcesandsoftwareresources.Thehardwareresourcesincludeservers,memories,andCPUs,andthesoftwareresourcesincludeapplicationsoftwareandintegrateddevelopmentenvironments.Usersonlyneedtosendrequeststhroughthenetworktoobtainresourcesthatmeettheirneedsfromthecloudtothelocalcomputer,andallcomputingtasksarecompletedintheremoteclouddatacenter.Thereasonwhyuserscanobtainvariouscomputingservices,storageservices,andvarioussoftwareresourcesondemandisduetothepowerfulvirtualizedresourcepoolarchitectureofcloudcomputing.Theresourcepoolofthedatacenteritselfcannotonlybedynamicallyexpanded,butalsousersTheresourcesafterusecanalsoberecycledinatimelyandconvenientmanner.Adoptingsuchaserviceprovisionmodelgreatlyincreasestheresourceutilizationrateofclouddatacenters,andcloudcomputingserviceproviderscanalsobetterimprovethequalityofservice.

Opensourceprojectsandcommercialcloudplatforms

Opensourceprojects

(1)AbiCloud

AbiCloudisanopensourceforcompaniesThecloudcomputingplatformenablescompaniestocreateandmanagelargeandcomplexITinfrastructures(includingvirtualservers,networks,applications,storagedevices,etc.)inafast,simpleandscalablemanner.AbiquoislocatedinRedwoodCity,California.Thecloudcomputingservicesitprovidesincludethecreationandmanagementofprivatecloudservices,publiccloudservicesandhybridcloudservicesforenterprises,allowingenterpriseuserstooccupyalargeamountofresourcesintheircomputersandmobiledevices.Thedataistransferredtoalarger,moresecureserver.

(2)Hadoop

ThisplanisanopensourceprojectthatcompletelyimitatestheGooglearchitecture,mainlyincludingMap/ReduceandHDFSfilesystem

(3)Eucalyptusproject

CreatedanopensourceinterfacethatenablesenterprisestousetheirinternalITresources(includingservers,storagesystems,networkequipment)tobuildacloudcompatiblewithAmazonEC2

(4)MongoDB(10gen)

MongoDBisahigh-performance,opensource,andschemalessdocumentdatabase.Itcanbeusedtoreplacetraditionalrelationaldatabasesorkey/valuestorageinmanyscenarios.mongodbiswritteninC++,anditsnamecomesfromthemiddlepartofthewordhumongous.Itcanbeseenfromthenamethatitsambitionliesintheprocessingofmassivedata.Oneofthemostconcisedescriptionsaboutitis:scalable,high-performance,opensource,schema-free,document-orienteddatabase.

(5)Enomalismelasticcomputingplatform

ItprovidesacloudcomputingframeworkwithfunctionssimilartoEC2.EnomalismisbasedonLinuxandsupportsbothXenandKernelVirtualMachine(KVM).DifferentfromotherpureIaaSsolutions,EnomalismprovidesasoftwarestackbasedonTurboGearsWebapplicationframeworkandPython

(6)Nimbus(gridmiddlewareGlobus)

Nimbusisorientedtotheneedsofscientificcomputingandusesasetofopensourcetoolstorealizetheinfrastructure-as-a-service(IaaS)cloudcomputingsolution.

Commercializedcloudplatform

(1)Microsoft

Technicalfeatures:integrateitssoftwareanddataservices

Coretechnology:largeApplicationsoftwaredevelopmenttechnology

Enterpriseservices:Azureplatform

Developmentlanguage:.NET

(2)Google

Technicalfeatures:storageAndcomputinglevelexpansioncapability

Coretechnology:paralleldecentralizedtechnologyMapReduce,BigTable,GFS

Enterpriseservice:GoogleAppEngine,applicationhostingservice

Developmentlanguage:Python,Java

(3)IBM

Technicalfeatures:integrationofallitssoftwareandhardwareservices

Coretechnology:gridtechnology,distributedstorage,dynamicLoad

Enterpriseservices:virtualresourcepoolprovision,enterprisecloudcomputingintegrationsolution

(4)Oracle

Technicalfeatures:softwareandhardwareflexiblevirtualplatform

Coretechnology:Oracle'sdatastoragetechnology,Sunopensourcetechnology

Enterpriseservices:OracledatabaseonEC2,OracleVM,SunxVM

(5)Amazon

Technicalfeatures:flexiblevirtualplatform

Coretechnology:virtualizationtechnologyXen

Enterpriseservices:EC2,S3,SimpleDB,SQS

Developmentlanguage:

(6)Saleforce

Technicalfeatures:flexibleandcustomizablebusinesssoftware

Coretechnology:applicationplatformintegrationtechnology

Enterpriseservices：Force.comservice

Developmentlanguage:Java,APEX

(7)WantianCloudService

TechnicalFeatures:ClickPlatform-basedsoftwarecanbecustomizedondemand

Coretechnology:applicationplatformintegrationtechnology

Enterpriseservice:netfarmerserviceprovidesinformationplatformfordifferentindustries

Developmentlanguage:Deluge(DataEnrichedLanguagefortheUniversalGridEnvironment)

(8)EMC

Technicalfeatures:informationstoragesystemandvirtualizationtechnology

Coretechnology:Vmware'svirtualizationTechnology,storagetechnology

Enterpriseservices:Atomscloudstoragesystem,privatecloudsolutions

(9)Alibaba

Technicalfeatures:flexibleandcustomizablebusinessSoftware

CoreTechnology:ApplicationPlatformIntegrationTechnology

EnterpriseService:SoftwareInterconnectionPlatform,Cloude-commerceplatform

(10)ChinaMobile

Technicalfeatures:solidnetworktechnology,richbandwidthresources

Coretechnology:underlyingclusterdeploymenttechnology,Resourcepoolvirtualizationtechnology,network-relatedtechnology

Enterpriseservices:BigCloude-bigcloudplatform

Applicationexamples

Thefirstdomesticcloudnavigation

Cloudcomputingnavigation,alsoknownas"cloudcomputingwebsitenavigation",isthefirstnavigationnetworkofcloudcomputinginChina.Generallyspeaking,cloudcomputingnavigationgathersallkindsofcloudcomputingprofessionalwebsitesinChina.TheclassificationisdetailedandcanhelpFindthecloudwebaddressyouwantmostintheshortesttime,eliminatingtheneedforheavyclicksonsearchengines.

Theworld’sfirstcloudplatform

OnJuly22,2009,IBMandtheglobalFortune500companySinochemCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoasSinochem)Apressconferenceontheenterprisecloudcomputingplatformwasheldtogether.Astheworld’sfirstenterprisecloudcomputingproject,SinochemtooktheopportunityofacomprehensiveupgradeoftheERPsystemtosuccessfullyapplythesolutionprovidedbytheIBMCloudLabs&HiPODSintheGreaterChinaRegiontodeploytheERPsystemacrosstwoThecloudofadatacenter.ItnotonlyrealizesthesmoothtransitionofERPsystemupgrade,butalsomakestheenterprise'sinternalITinfrastructureandvarioussoftwareapplicationsmoreflexibleinthefuture.Cloudcomputingismostlyusedforantivirusinourcountry.

TelecomNebulaProject

InJuly2011,ChinaTelecomhasofficiallylaunchedtheNebulaProject,whichwaslaunchedinGuangzhou,Shanghai,ChengduandNanchang.Cloudcomputingfieldexperiments,specificallyinvolvingIDCupgrades,businessplatforms,capabilityopeningplatforms,internalITapplicationsandotherfields.ChinaTelecomstrengthensthecooperationanddevelopmentofcloudcomputing,andstrivestoformacompleteindustrialchain,includingusers,platformprovidersandconsumers,andmanyparticipatingpartners.

Before2013,ithassignedastrategicagreementwithSAP,theworld’slargestproviderofenterprisemanagementsoftwareandsolutions,andthetwopartieswilljointlybuildaninformationserviceplatformbasedontheSaaSmodelthroughcloudcomputingtechnologyandservices.Andtheinnovationofbusinessmodels,toprovideenterpriseswithawealthofcloudservices.Inaddition,ithasalsoactivelycooperatedwithmobilephoneterminalmanufacturerstolaunchsmartphoneswithmorecloudapplications.ChinaTelecomhopestobecomeacloudplatformoperatorinthefuture,formingacloudplatformwithsoftwareandhardwarevendors,informationapplicationandserviceproviders,andplatformandterminalproviderstoprovidecustomerswithbetterservicesthroughtheentirecloudplatform.

Hangzhou’sfirstcloudcomputingindustrialpark

InOctober2010,Hangzhouwaslistedasoneofthefivepilotcitiesforcloudcomputingdevelopmentinthecountry.Underalargebackground,XihuDistrictcombineditsownindustrialcharacteristics,seizedtheopportunity,followedtheconstructionconceptof"governmentpromotionandenterprise-ledintegration",focusedonpracticalresults,andactivelycarriedoutthecultivationofthecloudcomputingindustry.InApril2012,thecity'sfirstpublicserviceplatformforcloudcomputing-WestLake"cloudcomputing"technologysharingserviceplatformwaslaunchedinWestLakeDistrict.Atthesametime,XihuDistrictalsoputforwardaninnovativeideafortheconstructionofHangzhouCloudComputingIndustrialPark,andinJune2012obtainedtheapprovaloftheformerHangzhouMunicipalInformationOffice,thecity'sfirstcloudcomputingindustrialparkofficiallysettledinXihuDistrict.

Shenzhen'sfirstcommunitycloud

"ShenzhenUniversityTownCloudComputingPublicServicePlatform"ishostedbyShenzhenUniversityTownManagementOffice,ShenzhenYunjingTechnologyCo.,Ltd.Thecompanyisco-organizedbyShenzhenKeyLaboratoryofCloudComputingKeyTechnologyandApplicationandShenzhenSupercomputingCenter.ItisthefirstcloudcomputingserviceplatformestablishedinChinainaccordancewiththe"communitycloud"modelinChina.IthasbeenputintooperationinSeptember2011.Theservicetargetsareuniversities,researchunits,serviceinstitutionsandotherunitsandteachersintheShenzhenUniversityCityPark.,Students,employeesofvariousunitsandotherindividuals.Thefirstphaseofthe"ShenzhenUniversityTownCloudComputingPublicServicePlatform"providestencharacteristicservicesintwocategories,includingcomputingresourcecloudservices(IaaS)andcharacteristicapplicationcloudservices(SaaS).