恻 之心, people have

Original works

are well sub ① saying: "Master said report: 'also no good and no bad' or saying: 'properties can be good, you can be poor; Therefore in civil and military Hing, then the people what is good; quiet Li Xing, then the people good storm 'or saying:' there goodness, poor sexual Therefore in order to Yao and King have as ②, ③ to save Gu Sou parent while Shun. to Zhou for the child's brother, and that the king, while neutrinos Kai, Prince Bigan 'said today' goodness, 'What, are none of the "

Mencius said:."? ④ If it is the love ⑤, that can be good men, is the so-called Chizhov also good for the poor, non-crime was also ⑥ of compassion in everyone;.. shame in everyone; respectful of the heart, in everyone ; conscience also bearing in everyone compassion, benevolent;. shame, righteousness; respectful of the heart, the ceremony also;. conscience also bearing, Tomoya wisdom, non-melt from the outside ⑦ I also, my inherent also, Firth ear men twenty years before: 'it was the demand, then the loss of homes.' phase times Xi ⑧ or without operator who did not do their were also "Poetry," said: 'people are born steamed, there were people there of the Bing Yi, good Itoku ⑨ 'Confucius said:' poem's end, it almost knew it must have the matter; people of Ping Yi also, so good is Esther '.!. "

works Notes

① male child are: student Mencius.

② like: Shun half brother, poor character.

③ blind (gǔ) blind (sǒu): Shun father, poor character.

④ is the If: the conjunction, roughly equivalent to "As" and the like.

⑤ details: means innate nature.

⑥ only: refers to the natural qualification.

⑦ melt (shuò): Grant.

⑧ Xi (xǐ): five times.

⑨ "Poetry," said: quote from "Book of Daya steam people." Steaming, the public; then, law; Bing, the Executive; Yi, Chang; Yi, United States.

translation works

are public child said: "Gao said: 'human goodness is not good does not matter.' Some people say: 'human nature can make it good, you can not make it .. so good emperor, King Wu of Zhou dynasty, people would kind; Zhou you Wang, Zhou Li Wang dynasty, people would-handed 'others say:' some people are good by nature, the nature of some people not so good although there are. Yao such good people doing good emperor's subjects there is not like this; although this is not good Gu Sou Shun's father, there is such a good son; although this is not good Yanzhou Wang's nephew, and made emperor, . but there is also neutrinos Kai, Prince Bigan this kind of elders and Xian Chen 'now the teacher said' people are basically good '?, then they are wrong yet "

Mencius said:' from the natural disposition , you can make it good, that's what I mean to say people are basically good. As for some people is not good, it can not be attributed born qualification. Compassion, everyone has; shame, everyone has; reverence, everyone has; Shifei Xin, everyone has. Jen belong compassion; shame belongs to the righteous; respectful heart belongs ceremony; Shi Feixin belongs to wisdom. This Wisdom is not the external factors plus for me, but my inherent, but usually do not think about it so do not feel nothing. So: 'quest you can get, give up will lose. 'There are double the difference, even five times countless times, precisely because they are not fully qualified innate reason between people. "Book of Songs", said: 'God gave birth to humanity, everything has rules. People mastered these rules, will the noble good moral character. 'Confucius said:' who wrote this poem really know how to channel ah! There are things there must be rules; people mastered these rules, so advocating good moral character. ' "

Reading Appreciation

male students are more complete presentation of the sub-human nature to be discussed and Mencius, in addition to the views of sub-divisions, additionally cited two kinds of opinions and reasoned, persuasive stronger this time Mencius without debate or criticism to push the wrong way, but positive expounded his views on the goodness of others. said to be elaborate, in fact, he reiterated, because its main the passenger, the "four heart" and their internal relations on compassion, shame evil, respectful, non-between benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and, in his "on lla" had already been proposed and explained before. but there from "everyone bear-human heart", explores the relationship between "four heart" and "benevolent government" with a political color psychology. and here it is plain from the point of view of human nature to explore, to answer student of human nature whether innate goodness of the problem.

in fact, in the end that human nature is such views Mencius innate goodness, or, as the views Xunzi's inherently evil, or as Gao, who views it does not matter good does not matter evil, this is a it difficult to define the problem. even the progressive development philosophy to this day, for this old debate, scholars often varies, split on one end, so the views of Mencius also does only represent one of the words.

worth noting that, here Mencius further raised the issue of "seeking Truth then get it, then the loss of homes" in accordance with the views of Mencius, not only people are basically good, humanity would have been "four heart", and even that Wisdom Four Qualities of morality, are also "my inherent also, but we usually do not think about it so do not feel nothing. So, now we should do is to be in his body, in his nature to discover Wisdom, "just do it", give full play to their innate qualifications. This is reminiscent of his "on lla," which said, people have a four-terminal Wisdom, "which still has four body also." Wisdom has been rooted in our nature, limbs, hands and feet have been just as long as in our body, are too natural, too used to it, actually makes us unaware, unaware of. If someone suddenly said to us: 'I found the hands and feet to grow in our body! "We do not think he's an idiot a hundred percent today, can be strange if suddenly someone said to us:." I just found Wisdom in our nature! "We think he is an idiot or that he discovered the" New World "mean?

Throughout the ages, truck, how many people seek Wisdom, justice in the world, but they are actually carrying a baby doll look. Mencius Slam beat us say: baby is not in your body do so we have to reflect on their own, in their own body, his own nature to seek rooted in the good of Wisdom, and be nurtured, to make it grow?.

Despite abstract philosophical debate does not say, Mencius' "Man Theory" it is not a proactive, healthy sense of it?

example

Ming Shinai "Tales of" 13th back: this person being an official, do whatever and clean, every pregnant compassion, kindness often read

Ming Feng Meng, "cautionary pass. . Introduction Volume eleven Beijing sent thousands of miles Zhao Taizu mother ":" you and I meet by chance, came to the rescue, the real compassion. ".

clear" Chivalric Heroes "Seventy-seventh back: Townsend said:" 'compassion in everyone'. Please let her go. "Yutang illegal channels:" This public Mencius really cooked, leave open book. "

Further Reading

everyone who can not bear to heart

text

Mencius said:" everyone who can not bear the heart ①. There are kings of the heart can not bear, the Sri Lankan government has unbearing carry on. To bear human heart, the line unbearing governance, rule the world of handheld can be transported. So that everyone who can not bear the heart of man, people today will Ruzi see at first glance ② into the well, there are Chuti heart of compassion ③ - ④ to pay non-Ruzi so within the Parents, so to non reputation ⑤ to Xiangdang friends, non-evil the sound and ran. From this perspective, no compassion, not human; no Shame, not human; no reverence and heart, but also non-human; no non heart, not human. Compassion, Hitoshi ⑥ also end; Shame, meaning also the end; reverence and the heart, also the end of the ceremony; non heart, intellectual side also. There are also four-terminal human, still it has a four-body also. There are four-terminal but not from that person, since the thief who are; monarch not that person, who is also the monarch thief. Where in my four-terminal ⑦ who are known to expand and charge the men, and if the beginning of the fire and then ⑧, the beginning of spring. Gouneng charge, enough to ensure universal ⑨; otherwise would charge, the matter is not sufficient to parents. "

Comment

① unbearing heart; compassion, sympathy .② first glance: sudden, suddenly .③ Chuti: horror hidden side: sorrow, sympathy within .④ pay, pay that is in the make, the same "satisfied" .⑤ to (yao) reputation: reputation to win with "invited" to seek .⑥ end: the beginning, the origin, source .⑦ me: the "already" .⑧ Ran , with the "burning" .⑨ Paul: fixed, stable

translation

Mencius said:. "everyone has compassion compassionate feelings of others. As the ancient sage compassionate mercy of other people's feelings, so have mercy political compassionate people. With compassion compassionate feelings of others, showing mercy political compassionate people, they can control the world in the palm as easy as running inside things. The reason why everyone has compassion compassionate feelings of others, because, if today someone suddenly saw a child fall into the well to go inside, would have a psychological surprise sympathy - not because you want to go and this child parents Latin American relations, not because in order to win the reputation of neighbors, friends, not because the child's cries disgust only produce this psychological horror sympathy. Seen in this light, no compassion, just not human; there is no sense of shame, not just people; there is no humility heart, is simply not human; no Shifei Xin, is simply not human. Compassion is the kernel of the originator; shame is the meaning of the originator; heart is the gift of humility originator; Shifei Xin is the wisdom of the originator. There are four people originator, just as there are limbs. With four start but since that does not work, it is wasted people; that he's not the monarch, who is the monarch abandon violence. There are four people who the originator, knowing they have to expand enrichment, just as the fire began to burn, spring has just started flowing. If you can expand them, it would be sufficient to settle the world, if we can not expand them, and even support their parents is a problem. "

Reading

Politics is derived from the premise of human nature, specifically, from everyone has a 'bear-human heart" derivation of good government benevolence. Because of this "bear-human heart" is inherent in the people themselves, therefore, should also be benevolent government is perfectly justified. This is the idea of ​​Mencius.

Mencius derivation is still to pursue his lifelong pursuit, the "benevolent government" ideal. But his derivation itself does not seem to have a great impact, but added that he derived the premise - "everyone who could not bear to heart" had a huge impact, especially on the basis of the proposed "Wisdom" are this originated in the "bear man of the heart" views become even more ancient Chinese philosophy of "goodness of" theoretical foundation and pillars.

Confucius once said: ". Of similar too, with much learning is also" ( "The Analects of Confucius Yang goods" mean, humanity could have been similar, just because different upbringing, they are very far up. but neither Confucius say what human nature is similar, is good or evil, nor to start on. and, from our understanding of view, the main emphasis is Confucius also acquired educated hand.

Mencius is different, he not only launched a discussion, pointed out that human nature is similar to the beginning of Wisdom "bear-human heart," but also cited a vivid example of this argument "can not bear the heart of man" is inherent in man a. Without it, it is simply not human. from this perspective, Mencius's theory of human nature is indeed "transcendentalism" is subjective idealism, because he "Wisdom" these moral values ​​are said to be social nature inherent in human nature, and innate, even color with physiological.

but on the other hand, Mencius not completely deny the role of nurture, because he believed "unbearing heart" contains four aspects, namely "compassion, shame evil, politely refuse, non" of the heart, that is referred to as the "four heart." and that "four heart" only "Wisdom" four of morality like, also need to "expand and charge of the" spring originator, or "four-terminal." this "four-point" just like a burning fire or just flowed out to be able to flourish. otherwise, it will dry up or go out. "expanding the charge of "is acquired culture, that is," learning phase ".

so, from a theoretical basis, the Mencius indeed from talent goodness of derived talent morality (" four heart ") ( "four-terminal"), pushed export "unbearing politics" (benevolent government). in practice, however, he still attach importance to the day after tomorrow ( "the charge of expanding") role. Moreover, setting aside about nature or nurture, materialistic idealism or abstract discussions, which are linked to the Warring States Period Mencius social conditions to a historical look at the issue, advocate human nature is good, emphasizing moral talent, the implementation of political benevolence, which are of positive significance. in fact, it is not limited to Mencius age, any age is to emphasize these better than advocating human nature is evil, to give moral, tyranny is much better stop!

works source

"compassion, people we all share "from" Mencius "and" report on child Chapters ".

" Mencius "book is a compilation of remarks Mencius, written by Mencius and his disciples made together, recorded Mencius language, political opinions Confucian classics (benevolent government, identified and hegemony, people, non-grid heart of the king, the king of your people light) and political action. Confucius, Mencius once sought to emulate, led the disciples touring the world, but not when countries are acceptance, retired with his disciples, together with the book "Mencius" there are seven handed down:. "King Hui of" up and down; "lla" up and down; "Teng Wengong" up and down; "Lou" from top to bottom; "Wanzhang" up and down; "Notice child "up and down;" dedicated "up and down its doctrine starting point for the goodness of proposed." benevolent government "," benevolent "and advocated virtue Southern Song Dynasty Zhu Xi . The "Mencius" and "Analects of Confucius" "university," "moderate" together known as the "Four Books", "Mencius" book is a four-length largest Butou heaviest one, there are more than thirty-five thousand words. From then until the late Qing Dynasty "four books" has been the imperial compulsory content.

About the Author

Mencius (before 372 BC - 289 years), the name Ke, the word Zi Yu (wait for verification, said a word or sub-sub-car ranks). Warring States period, the State of Lu, Lu Guoqing father descendants. A famous ancient Chinese thinker and educator Confucius representative of the Warring States period. Author of "Mencius" book. Mencius inherited and developed the Confucius of thinking, to become second only to Confucius generation of Confucian master, the "Sage," said Confucius collectively as the "Confucius and Mencius." Mencius articles reasoning accessible, with plenty of momentum and longer than the argument, logical, sharp wit, representing the traditional prose peak. Mencius on the goodness of human nature, that is, "Man's nature is good."