Attributes

Basicintroduction

Attributeisageneraltermforthenatureofthingsandtherelationshipbetweenthings.

Thenatureofthings-theshape,color,smell,goodandevil,prosandcons,uses,etc.;therelationshipofthings-greaterthan,lessthan,oppression,resistance,friends,love,alliances,contradictions,etc..Andanyattributebelongstosomekindofobject.

AttributeClassification

UniqueAttributesandCommonAttributes

Someattributesofobjects(things)areuniqueattributesandsomearecommonattributes.Thepeculiarattributesofanobjectrefertoattributesthatareuniquetoonetypeofobjectbutnotpossessedbyothertypesofobjects.Peopledistinguishandrecognizethingsthroughthepeculiarattributesofobjects.Forexample,bipedalism,hairlessness,walkingupright,thinking,talking,beingabletomakeanduseproductiontoolstoworkaretheuniqueattributesof"human",whichdistinguishes"human"fromotherhigheranimals.Thefivesenseorgans,limbs,internalorgansandbloodcirculationarenotonlypossessedbyhumans,butalsopossessedbyotherhigheranimals.Wecallthemsharedattributes.Thereisnodistinctionbetweensharedattributes.

Essentialattributesandnon-essentialattributes

Someattributesareessentialattributesandsomearenon-essentialattributes.Theessentialattributeistheattributethatdeterminesthereasonwhyathingbecomesthethinganddistinguishesitfromotherthings.Theinherentregulationofsomethinganditsdistinctionfromotherthingsaretwocharacteristicsofessentialattributes.Beingabletothink,speak,andbeabletomakeanduseproductiontoolsforlaboraretheessentialattributesof"humanbeings."However,otheruniqueattributesofhumanbeings,suchashairlessness,bipedalism,andwalkingupright,arenon-essentialattributes.Theyareonlydistinguishablebutnotqualitative.Itcanbeseenthatessentialattributesmustbeuniqueattributes,anduniqueattributesarenotnecessarilyessentialattributes.However,thepeculiarattributesofsomethingsarederivedfromtheessentialattributes,suchaspeoplewalkinguprightandtheseparationofthethumbfromthefourfingers,whichisderivedfromthemanufactureanduseofproductiontools.

HierarchicalConcepts

Theconceptsformedatthebeginningareshallow.Theshallowconceptsalwaysreflectthenon-essentialanduniqueattributesoftheobjectfirst.TheconceptsusedindailylifemostlybelongtoThiscategorycanbecalledtheprimaryconcept.Thefurtherformeddeep-levelconceptsreflecttheessentialattributesofthings.Theconceptsusedinscientificresearchandscientifictreatisesmostlybelongtothiscategoryofconcepts,whichcanbecalled"scientificconcepts".Onlywhenweunderstandtheessentialattributesofthingsandformscientificconceptscanwetrulyunderstandtheessenceofthings.Therefore,theconceptcanalsobedefinedas"thethinkingformreflectingthethinkingobjectanditsessentialattributes".

Atypeofobjectoftenhasmanyessentialattributes.Peoplecanputacertainattributeoftheobjectinthefirstplacetostudyaccordingtotheirneeds,thatis,peoplecanstudyacertainobjectfromaspecificaspectanddifferentangles..Forexample,theobject"water"hasessentialattributesofphysicsaswellasessentialattributesofchemistry.Whenpeopleexaminetheconceptof"water"fromtheperspectiveofphysicalproperties,theyarestudyingitsphysicalform:liquid,withexpansionandcontractionandpressure,itiscolorless,odorless,specificgravityis"1",anditsboilingpointisatastandardatmosphericpressure.Aliquidwithatemperatureof100°Candafreezingpointof0°C;andwhenlookingat"water"fromthechemicalpointofview,thefirstconsiderationisthatitisthesimplestcompoundcomposedofhydrogenandoxygen,anditschemicalformulaisH2O...allofthis,Itispeoplewhostudythepropertiesofwaterfromdifferentanglesaccordingtotheneedsofproduction,life,workandsoon.

Otherclassifications

Ifacertainattributeispossessedbyallmembersofacertaintypeofthing,itiscalledaninherentattributeofthattypeofobject;ifacertainattributeisonlyapartialmemberofacertaintypeofthingHave,itiscalledtheoccasionalattributeofthiskindofobject.Take"commodity"asanexample."productoflabor"isacommonattributeofacommodityandaninherentattributeofacommodity;asfor"goodqualityandlowprice",itisanoccasionalattributeofacommodity,becausenotallcommoditiesarehighqualityandcheap.