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UnitedStatesMorethan40.91millionconfirmedcasesofnewcoronarypneumoniahavebeendiagnosedonSeptember12,2021at17:21,September11(Beijingtime,5:21,September12,Beijingtime).ThecumulativenumberofnewcrownsintheUnitedStatesThenumberofconfirmedpneumoniacaseshasexceeded40.91million,reaching40,912,591;thecumulativenumberofdeathshasexceeded659,600,reaching659,620.Comparedwiththetwodata24hoursago,therewere195,998newlyconfirmedcasesand3481newdeaths....Details
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TheUnitedStateshassufferedanotherdisaster.2021-09-1109:14
OnAugust29,Category4hurricane"Ada"madelandfallinLouisiana,USA.Inthenextfewdays,"Ada"sweptacrossthenortheasternUnitedStates,causingfloodsin8states.Andtornadoes.AsofSeptember6,"Ada"hascaused68deaths....Details
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IsthisbigplanintheUnitedStatesfinished?2021-09-0114:14
Withdecadesofdevelopment,high-speedrailconstructionhasbecomeaverymaturefield.FortheUnitedStates,whichdoesnotmasterthecoretechnologyofhigh-speedrail,itisnotrealistictoreinventthewheelsandstartfromscratch.Therefore,theprimaryproblemfortheUnitedStatestobuildhigh-speedrailistofindawaytoobtainhigh-speedrailtechnology....Details
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IsthetariffincreaseintheUnitedStatesuseful?2019-05-1713:33
TheUnitedStatesisatradewarengine,notonlyagainstmycountry,ithaslaunchedalotoftradewarsinhistory,oneatthebeginningofthiscentury.ButthefinalresultwasthattheUnitedStatescompromisedwiththeinternationalcommunity,itreallyfailedtokilltheenemy,andsufferedheavylosses....Details
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Historicalevolution
See:AmericanHistory
EarlyCivilization
Morethan40,000yearsago,theancestorsofIndiansarrivedviaAsiaNorthAmerica,thentoCentralandSouthAmerica;whenColumbusreachedtheNewWorldhethought,therewereabout30millionIndianslivingintheAmericas.Thereareabout1.5millionIndianslivingintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thecompositionoftheseindigenousracesvariesgreatlyintermsofgenetics,language,andsociety.Itisestimatedthatinthe15thcenturytherewereThereareatleast400unrelatedanddistinctiveculturalformsnorthoftheRandRiver,withavarietyofhumanbodytypesandlanguagefamilies.
Abouttenthousandyearsago,anothergroupofAsiansimmigratedtonorthernNorthAmerica,thelaterEskimos.ThefirstwhitepeopletoreachtheAmericaswereprobablyVikings.SomepeoplethinktheyvisitedtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica1,000yearsago.
ColonialPeriod
In1607AD,acolonialgroupofabout100peopleestablishedJamestownonChesapeakeBeach,whichwasthefirstBritishestablishmentinNorthAmerica.Apermanentcolony.Inthenext150years,manycolonistscameandsettledinthecoastalareas.MostofthemcamefromtheUnitedKingdom,andsomecamefromFrance,Germany,theNetherlands,Ireland,Italyandothercountries.EuropeanimmigrantsslaughteredIndiansonalargescale,robbedtheirbelongings,andoccupiedIndianlandsonalargescale.
InNovember1620,thefirstgroupofPuritanssailedintoPlymouthHarborinNewEnglandontheMayflower.InordertocreateacivilautonomoussocietydifferentfromEurope,theysignedanextremelyimportantThepoliticalcontractoftheUnitedStates,the"MayflowerConvention,"hassincelaidthefoundationoftheUnitedStates.
Inthemiddleofthe18thcentury,13Britishcoloniesgraduallyformed.TheyhadtheirowngovernmentsandparliamentsunderthesupremesovereigntyofBritain.Thedifferencesinclimateandgeographicalenvironmentofthese13colonieshavecauseddifferencesineconomicforms,politicalsystems,andconcepts.
TheWarofIndependence
Inthemiddleofthe18thcentury,therewasariftbetweentheBritishcoloniesintheAmericasandBritain.Withthecontinuousexpansionofthecolony,theygraduallymadethemawareoftheseriousnessofthedevelopment,andthustheideaofindependencewasborn.In1773,theBostonTeaIncidentwasdumpedbyanti-Britishcolonists.
In1774,representativesfrom13statesgatheredinPhiladelphiatoholdthefirstContinentalCongress,hopingtoresolvetheproblempeacefullywithBritain.However,theBritishKinginsistedthatthecolonymustunconditionallysurrendertotheBritishKingandacceptpunishment.In1775,thewarwasignitedinLexington,Massachusetts,andtheNorthAmericanWarofIndependencebrokeout.
OnJuly4,1776,theSecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiatoformthe"ContinentalArmy",withGeorgeWashingtonasthecommander-in-chief.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedandtheestablishmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericawasofficiallyannounced.Thisday(July4)isalsoregardedastheNationalDayoftheUnitedStates.
InFebruary1778,BenjaminFranklinsuccessfullypersuadedtheBourbondynastytomakeFranceandtheUnitedStatessignamilitaryalliancetreaty,andFranceofficiallyrecognizedtheUnitedStates.France,Spain,andtheNetherlandsjoinedthewaroneafteranother.
GeorgeWashingtonandtheAmericanWarofIndependence(13photos)
In1781,thebattleofYorktownwonadecisivevictory.Sincethen,apartfromseveralbattlesatseaandsporadicbattlesonland,thewarintheNorthAmericancontinenthasbasicallyceased.In1787,aFederalConferencewasheldinPhiladelphia,duringwhichWashingtonwaspromotedtothechairmanship.Themeetingdecidedthatthenationalgovernmenthasthepowertotax,mintcurrency,adjustcommerce,declarewar,andconcludetreaties.Atthesametime,itadoptsMontesquieu'sprincipleofseparationofpowers,andthethreemajorinstitutionsoflegislative,administrativeandjudicialchecksandbalances.
From1812to1815,BritainagaininvadedthenewlyestablishedUnitedStates,whichisknownasthesecondAmericanWarofIndependenceinhistory.Afterthewar,theU.S.statesbecamemoreunited.
WestwardMovement
TheUnitedStatesacquiredlandontheeastbankoftheMississippiin1783,acquiredLouisianafromNapoleonin1803,andseizedFloridafromSpainin1819,1845—In1853,Texas,NewMexico,Oregon,andCaliforniawereacquiredthroughtheUS-MexicoWarin1853,AlaskawaspurchasedfromRussiain1867,andtheHawaiianIslandswereannexedin1898.
Sincethebeginningofthe19thcentury,theterritorialexpansionoftheUnitedStateshasattractedimmigrants,movingwestwardacrosstheAppalachianMountainstothewestcoast,participatingintheconstructionoftransportation,developingagricultureandanimalhusbandry,andextractinglargeamountsofnaturalresources.,WhichpromotedtheprocessofindustrializationintheUnitedStates.ThenegativeimpactisthattheWestwardMovementexpelledandeliminatednativeIndians,alsoknownastheRoadofBloodandTears.
TheCivilWar
TheAmericanCivilWar(6photos)
ThegradualintensificationbetweentheindustrialbourgeoisieintheNorthandtheslaveownersofthesouthernplantationsThecontradictionledtotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.Thefocusofbothpartiesistheabolitionofslavery.Inordertomaintaintheslavesystem,theslavestatesoftheSouthhinderedtheeconomicdevelopmentoftheNorth.ThepoliciessupportedbytheNorthernFreeStatehinderedtheinterestsofsouthernplanters.Intheearly1860s,11southernstatesseparatedfromtheUniontoformtheConfederateStatesofAmerica;theNorthstatedthatitwouldpayallcostsforunification.
OnApril12,1861,thesouthernplantationownerprovokedacivilwaronthegroundsofLincoln'sinaugurationasthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andthecivilwarbrokeout.ThisisabloodywarbetweenAmericansfacetoface.BecausetheSouthwasadequatelypreparedbeforethewar,theNorthwasatadisadvantageintheearlystagesofthewar.By1863,Lincolnpromulgatedthe"ProclamationfortheEmancipationofBlackSlaves"andthe"HomesteadAct",andintheGettysburgspeechproposedthepeople(ofthepeople),thepeople(bythepeople),andthepeople(forthepeople)..TheunfavorablesituationhasbeenreversedintheNorth.
OnApril9,1865,thesoutherngovernmentendedinfailure.ThisvictorynotonlyrestoredtheunityoftheUnitedStates,butalsonolongerpracticedslaverythroughoutthecountry.OnApril15,PresidentLincolnwasassassinatedattheFordTheater.
Transformationanddevelopment
Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury,theUnitedStatesbegantoindustrializeandenteredamaturestageaftertheCivilWar.Inlessthan50yearsfromtheCivilWartotheFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStateschangedfromaruralrepublictoanurbanizedcountry.Theperiodofnearly30yearsfrom1890to1917iscalledtheperiodofprogress.
In1914,theFirstWorldWarbrokeout;in1917,theUnitedStateswasdrawnintothewhirlpoolofthewarandtriedtoplayanewroleintheworld.
In1929,therewastheGreatDepressionofCapitalism.TheGreatDepressionaffectednotonlytheUnitedStates,butallcountriesintheworld.Thepaniccausedmillionsofworkerstolosetheirjobs,alargenumberoffarmerswereforcedtoabandontheirarableland,factoriesandshopswereclosed,bankscloseddown,andtherewasdepression.
In1932,FranklinRoosevelt(1882-1945)waselectedpresidentandfullyimplementedthe"RooseveltNewDeal"withgovernmentinterventioninthemarketasthemainmethod.Headvocatedthatthegovernmentshouldtakeactiontoendtheeconomicpanic,andthenintroducedaseriesofpoliciestotemporarilyresolvemanydifficulties,buttheUSeconomydidnotwakeupuntilafterWorldWarII.
In1939,WorldWarIIbrokeout.AftertheJapaneseattackonPearlHarboronDecember7,1941,theUnitedStatesenteredthewarandbecamethemainforceinthePacificbattlefield.
AfterWorldWarII,withthedefeatoftheAxispowersandthedeclineofthestrengthofBritainandFrance,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbecamesuperpowers,andtheworldwasdividedintotwocamps,theEastandtheWest.TheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionandtheirrespectivecampswerefullyconfrontedinmilitary,political,economic,andpropaganda.Asinthewar,itwascalledthe"ColdWar"inhistory.
In1950,whentheKoreanWarbrokeout,theU.S.ArmyenteredthewarandfoughtwiththenewlyestablishedVolunteerArmyofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Thetwosidesofthewarsignedanarmisticeagreementwiththe38thparallelastheboundary.Afterthewar,theColdWargraduallyescalated.
In1962,theCubanMissileCrisisbroughtthepaniccausedbytheColdWartoitspeak.In1969,Apollo11senthumanstothemoonforthefirsttime,andtheUnitedStatesgraduallysurpassedtheSovietUnioninthespacerace.
Inthemid-1960s,whentheVietnamWarbrokeout,manyAmericansbecamedissatisfiedwiththegovernment'sforeignpolicy.Anti-wardemonstrationswereaccompaniedbyvariouscivilrightsmovements.Inaddition,duetothedevelopmentofindustryandtheconcentrationofpopulation,thepollutionoftheecologicalenvironmentreceivedwidespreadattentioninthelate1960s.Intheearly1970s,theeconomicdepressioncausedbytheenergycrisiswastheworstinhistory.Inthemid-1970s,theU.S.economyrecoveredforawhile,butinflationreappearedinthelate1970s.
In1976,the200thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheUnitedStates,variouscelebrationswereheldacrossthecountry.Duetoitscomprehensiveadvantagesinglobalpolitics,militaryaffairs,economy,andhighlydevelopedscienceandtechnology,theUnitedStateseventuallydraggeddowntheSovietUnionintheColdWar.In1991,whentheSovietUnioncollapsed,theUnitedStateswonthefinalvictoryoftheColdWar.ThenewinternationalsituationreplacedtheUnitedStatesasasuperpower.
OnOctober7,2001,theUnitedStateslaunchedthewarinAfghanistaninthenameofanti-terrorism.InFebruary2020,theUSgovernmentandtheTalibansignedanagreement,promisingtowithdrawfromAfghanistanbyMay2021.InJuly2021,BidenstatedthattheUSmilitarymissioninAfghanistanwillendonAugust31.OntheeveningofAugust30,aUSmilitarytransportplanecarryingthelastbatchofUSsoldierstookofffromKabulAirport.Endedthe20-yearwarinAfghanistan-thelongestwarinAmericanhistory(cost:2461Americansoldierswerekilled,morethan20,000Americansoldierswereinjured,andmorethantwotrilliondollarsinexpenses).OnAugust31,2021,U.S.PresidentBidenstatedattheWhiteHousethatendingthewarinAfghanistanistherightdecisionandthattheUnitedStateswillcontinueitsanti-terrorismoperations.
Naturalenvironment
Location
TheUnitedStatesisthesecondlargestcountryintheAmericas,withterritoriesincludingthecontinentalUnitedStates,AlaskainthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmerica,andHawaiiinthemiddleofthePacificOceanIslands.Itcoversanareaof9,372,610squarekilometers(ofwhichthelandareais9,1589.6millionsquarekilometers,andtheinlandwaterareaisabout200,000squarekilometers).IftheUnitedStatessovereignpartoftheGreatLakesisabout170,000squarekilometers,theareaofcoastalwaterssuchasestuaries,harbors,andinlandseasisabout100,000.Squarekilometers,withanareaof9.63millionsquarekilometers.
ThetotalareaoftheUnitedStatesfrom1989to1996intheinitialeditionoftheCentralIntelligenceAgency's"WorldOverview"lists9,372,610squarekilometers.Itwaschangedto9,629,091squarekilometersin1997,9,631,418squarekilometersin2004,and9,631,420squarekilometersin2006.
Topography
ThelandformoftheUnitedStatesisvaried,theterrainishigherinthewestandlowerintheeast.Thereisacoastalplainontheeastcoast,whichiswideinthesouthandnarrowinthenorth,extendingtoNewJersey,andtherearealsosomeglacialsedimentaryplainsonLongIslandandotherplaces.Behindthecoastalplainistheundulatingfoothills,extendingtothe1,830-meter-highAppalachianMountainsinNorthCarolinaandNewHampshire.
WestoftheAppalachianMountainsistheCentralPlainsoftheUnitedStates.Theterrainisrelativelyflat.TheGreatLakesandtheMississippi-Missouririverbasin-thefourthlargestriverbasinintheworld-arealsolocatedhere.TothewestoftheMississippiRiver,thetopographyoftheinnerplainsbegantorise,andfinallyenteredthelargeplainsinthecentralUnitedStates,whichisvastandhasfewtopographicfeatures.
InthewesternpartoftheGreatPlain,therearetoweringRockyMountains,whichdividethecontinentalUnitedStatesintotwofromsouthtonorth,andthehighestpeakinColoradoreaches4270meters.TheWestCoastregionhastheSierraNevadaMountainsandtheCoastMountains.ThereusedtobefrequentvolcanicactivityintheRockyMountains;onlyonearearemained(thesupervolcanoinYellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming-probablythelargestactivevolcanointheworld).ThehighestmountainintheUnitedStatesisMountMcKinley,whichis6193metersabovesealevel,andisalsothehighestpeakinNorthAmerica.
Climaticcharacteristics
MostareasoftheUnitedStateshaveacontinentalclimate,andthesouthernparthasasubtropicalclimate.Thecentralandnorthernplainshavelargetemperaturedifferences.Chicagohasanaveragetemperatureof-3°CinJanuaryand24°CinJuly;theGulfCoasthasanaveragetemperatureof11°CinJanuaryand28°CinJuly.
Timezone
ThetimezoneacrosstheUnitedStates(2photos)
TheUnitedStatesspansfromtheWestFifthDistricttotheWestTenDistrict,atotalofsixtimezones.Eachtimezonecorrespondstoastandardtime,fromeasttowestareEasternTime(EST,WestFiveDistricts,including19statesalongtheAtlanticcoastandthenearcontinent,andWashingtonDC,therepresentativecityisWashington),CentralTime(CST,WestSixth)Districts,includingChicagoandNewOrleans),MountainTime(MST,WestSeventhDistrict),PacificTime(PST,WestEightDistrict,including4statesonthePacificcoast,includingLosAngelesandothercities),AlaskaTime(AKST,WestKowloonDistrict),HawaiiTime(HST,WestTenDistrict).Inaccordancewiththeruleof"Earlymorningandlateevening",eachonehourisdecremented.Theso-calledWesternTimereferstoPacificTime.NaturalResources
TheUnitedStatesisrichinnaturalresources,andthetotalprovenreservesofmineralresourcesrankfirstintheworld.Coal,petroleum,naturalgas,ironore,potash,phosphate,sulfurandothermineralreservesareamongthetopintheworld.Othermineralsmainlyincludecopper,lead,molybdenum,uranium,bauxite,gold,mercury,nickel,potassiumcarbonate,silver,tungsten,zinc,aluminum,andbismuth.Strategicmineralresourcessuchastitanium,manganese,cobalt,andchromiumaremainlyimported.Theforestareaisabout4.4billionmu,withacoveragerateof33%.
Asoftheendof2010,theUnitedStateshadprovencrudeoilreservesof20.68billionbarrels,ranking13thintheworld.Theprovennaturalgasreservesare7.716trillioncubicmeters,rankingfifthintheworld;theprovencoalreservesare491billiontons,rankingfirstintheworld.In2011,theUnitedStatesproduced2.065billionbarrelsofcrudeoil,imported4.146billionbarrels,andexported1.067billionbarrels.Theoutputofnaturalgasis28.58trillioncubicfeet,theimportis3.46trillioncubicfeet,andtheexportis1.51trillioncubicfeet.
Administrativedivisions
ThecapitaloftheUnitedStatesisWashington,thefullnameofWashingtonDC(WashingtonD.C.),locatedinthenortheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.Itwasestablishedin1790andhasapopulationofapproximately700,000.Exceptforthespecialzonewherethecapitalislocated,thecountryisdividedinto50stateswith3144counties.OnApril22,2021,theHouseofRepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesCongresspassedabillthatwouldmakethecapital,Washington,theDistrictofColumbia(DC)the51ststateintheUnitedStates.ThebillwassenttotheSenateforconsideration.TowinavoteintheSenate,atleast60affirmativevotesarerequired,whichmeansthatthisbillneedstobesupportedbyatleast8Republicans.
Alabama | Alabama | AL | Montgomery | Montgomery |
Alaska | Alaska | AK | Juneau | Juneau |
Arizona | Arizona | AZ | Phoenix | Phoenix |
Arkansas | Arkansas | AR | LittleRockCity | Littlerock |
California | California | CA | Sacramento | Sacramento |
Colorado | Colorado | CO | Denver | Denver |
Connecticut | Connecticut | CT | Hartford | Hartford |
Delaware | Delaware | DE | Dover | p>Dover |
Florida | Florida | FL | Tallahassee | Tallahassee |
Georgia | Georgia | GA | Atlanta | Atlanta |
Hawaii | Hawaii | HI | Honolulu | Honolulu |
Idaho | Idaho | ID | Boise | Boise |
Illinois | Illinois | IL | p>Springfield | Springfield |
Indiana | Indiana | IN | Indianapolis | Indianapolis |
Iowa | Iowa | IA | DesMoines | DesMoines |
Kansas | Kansas | KS | Topeka | Topeka |
Kentucky | Kentucky | KY | Frankfurt | Frankfort |
Louisiana | Louisiana | LA | BatonRouge | BatonRouge |
Maine | Maine | ME | Augusta | Augusta |
Maryland td> | Maryland | MD | Annapolis | Annapolis |
Massachusetts | Massachusetts | MA | Boston | Boston |
Michigan | Michigan | MI | Lansing | Lansing |
Minnesota | Minnesota | MN | SãoPaulo | St.Paul |
Mississippi | Mississippi | MS | Jackson | Jackson |
Missouri | Missouri | MO | JeffersonCity | JeffersonCity |
Montana | Montana | MT | Helena | Helena |
Nebraska | Nebraska | NE | Lincoln | Lincoln |
Nevada | Nevada | NV | CarsonCity | CarsonCity |
NewHampshire | NewHampshire | NH | Concord | Concord |
NewJersey | NewJersey | NJ | Trenton | Trenton |
NewMexico | NewMexico | NM | SantaFe | SantaFe |
NewYorkState | NewYork | NY | Albany | Albany |
NorthCarolina | NorthCarolina | NC | Naroli | Raleigh |
NorthDakota | NorthDakota | ND | Bismarck | Bismarck |
Ohio | Ohio | OH | Columbus | Columbus |
Oklahoma | Oklahoma | OK | OklahomaCity | OklahomaCity |
Oregon | Oregon | OR | Salem | Salem |
Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania | PA | Harrisburg | Harrisburg |
RhodeIsland | RhodeIsland | RI | Providence | Providence |
SouthCarolina | SouthCarolina | SC | Colombia | Columbia |
SouthDakota | SouthDakota | SD | Peel | Pierre |
Tennessee | Tennessee | TN | Nashville | Nashville |
Texas | Texas | TX | Austin | Austin |
Utah | Utah | UT | SaltLakeCity | SaltLakeCity |
Vermont | Vermont | VT | Montpelier | Montpelier |
Virginia | Virginia | VA | Richmond | Richmond |
Washington | Washington td> | WA | Olympia | Olympia |
WestVirginia | WestVirginia | WV | Charleston | Charleston |
Wisconsin | Wisconsin | WI | Madison | Madison |
Wyoming | Wyoming | WY | Cheyenne | Cheyenne |
NationalSymbols
NationalFlags
Americanflag(2photos)
StarsandStripes.Itisahorizontalrectangle,andtheratiooflengthtowidthis19:10.Themainbodyiscomposedof13redandwhitewidestripes,7redstripesand6whitestripes;theupperleftcorneroftheflagisabluerectangle,ofwhich50whitefive-pointedstarsarearrangedin9rows.Redsymbolizesstrengthandcourage,whiterepresentspurityandinnocence,andbluesymbolizesvigilance,perseveranceandjustice.The13broadbarsrepresentthe13statesthatfirstlaunchedandwontheWarofIndependence,andthe50five-pointedstarsrepresentthenumberofstatesintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.In1818,theU.S.Congresspassedabillthatfixedtheredandwhitestripesontheflagto13andthenumberoffive-pointedstarsshouldbethesameasthenumberofstatesintheUnitedStates.Foreachadditionalstate,astarisaddedtotheflag,whichisgenerallyimplementedonJuly4thofthesecondyearafterNSWjoins.Theflaghasincreasedto50stars,representingthe50statesoftheUnitedStates.Everyyear,June14thisthe"AmericanFlagEstablishmentAnniversary."Onthisday,commemorativeeventsareheldacrosstheUnitedStatestoshowrespectforthenationalflagandlovefortheUnitedStates.
NationalEmblem
Themainbodyisabaldeaglewithashield-shapedpatternonitschest.TheBaldEagleisthenationalbirdoftheUnitedStates.Itisasymbolofstrength,courage,freedomandimmortality.Thehalfoftheshieldsurfaceisabluehorizontalrectangle,andthelowerhalfisaredandwhiteverticalstrip,whichmeansthesameasthenationalflag.
Thecrownabovetheeaglesymbolizesthebirthofanewindependentcountry-theUnitedStatesofAmericaamongthesovereignnationsoftheworld;thereare13whitefive-pointedstarsinthecrown,representingthefirst13statesoftheUnitedStates.Thetwoclawsoftheeagleholdanolivebranchandanarrowrespectively,symbolizingpeaceandforce.Theyellowribbondanglingbytheeaglebeakreads"UnityasOne"inLatin,whichmeansthattheUnitedStatesofAmericaiscomposedofmanystatesandisacompletecountry.
NationalAnthem
AmericanNationalAnthem:"TheStar-SpangledBanner"
Oh,youcanseethatthrougharayoflight,weTowhat,makeacheeringsound?Whosebroadstar,bravingthenightofartillery,stillflutteringinthewind,onourmilitarybunker?Theartillerygleamedandthebombsroared.Theywereallwitnesses,andthenationalflagwassafeandsound.DoyouthinktheStarsandStripesarestillflyinghighinthisfreecountry,thehometownofwarriors?
NationalBird
TheBaldEagle(Vulture).TheUnitedStatesisthefirstcountryintheworldtoidentifyitsnationalbird.ThebaldeaglefirstappearedontheflagoftheUnitedStatesduringtheWarofIndependence.OnJuly4,1776,theSecondContinentalCongressissuedthe"DeclarationofIndependence"anddecidedthatthenewlybornUnitedStatesmusthaveaspecialnationalemblem.
OnJune20,1782,theU.S.CongresspassedaresolutiontomakethebaldeagleuniquetoNorthAmericathenationalbirdoftheUnitedStatesandusethisbirdasthemainbodyofthenationalemblem.Thewhite-headedeaglehasabeautifulappearanceandafiercetemperament.Ithasplumpfeathersonitshead.Itsbiggestfeatureisthatithaswhiteheadsandwhitetails.Itrepresentsbravery,strengthandvictory.
NationalBeast
The44thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesBarackObamasignedabillonMay9,2016,officiallyestablishingtheAmericanBisonastheNationalBeastoftheUnitedStates.Oneofthedraftersofthebill,CongressmanWilliamLaceyClay,commentedonthestatusoftheAmericanbison:"NoothernativespeciescantelltheAmericanstorybetterthanthisnobleanimal."Onstate-ownedlandcurrentlymanagedbytheU.S.DepartmentoftheInteriorThereareabout10,000bisonlivingin17bisonherdsdistributedin12states,andtherearemorethan160,000privatelyraisedbison.YellowstoneNationalParkistheonlylandwherebisonlivedfromprehistorictimestothepresent,andithasthelargestnumberofpurebredbisonherds(nearly5,000).
NationalFlowerandNationalStone
Thenationalflowerisarose,whichsymbolizesbeauty,fragrance,enthusiasmandlove.ItwasapprovedasthenationalflowerbytheSenatein1985.Thenationalstoneissapphire.
ImageRepresentative
ThenicknameoftheUnitedStatesis"UncleSam"(UncleSam).LegendhasitthatduringtheAnglo-AmericanWarof1812,SamWilson(17.6.13—1854.7.31),amerchantinTroyCity,NewYork,wrote"u.s."onthebarrelsofbeefsuppliedtothearmy,indicatingthatthiswasAmericanproperty.Thisisexactlythesameastheabbreviation("U.S.")ofhisnickname"UncleSam"("UncleSam"),sopeoplejokedthatthesematerialsmarkedwith"u.s."areall"UncleSam".Later,"UncleSam"graduallybecamethenicknameoftheUnitedStates.Inthe1830s,Americancartoonistsagainpainted"UncleSam"asatall,thin,white-hairedoldmanwithastar-stripedtophatandagoatee.In1961,theUSCongresspassedaresolutionofficiallyrecognizing"UncleSam"asasymboloftheUnitedStates.
Populationandethnicity
TheoriginofAmericanethnicgroups(2photos)
isabout333million(asofFebruary2021).Approximately62.1%ofnon-Hispanicwhites;approximately16.9%ofLatinos,approximately13.4%ofAfricans,approximately5.9%ofAsians,approximately2.7%ofmixedraces,approximately1.3%ofIndiansandAlaskaNatives,andNativeHawaiiansOrotherPacificIslandersaccountforabout0.2%(asmallnumberofpeoplearerepeatedinotherethnicgroups).GeneralEnglish.About46.5%ofthepopulationbelievesinChristianity,20.8%believesinCatholicism,1.9%believesinJudaism,0.9%believesinIslam,0.7%believesinBuddhism,0.5%believesinOrthodoxChurch,1.2%believesinotherreligions,and22.8%hasnoreligiousbeliefs(asmallnumberofpeoplebelongtoMulti-religiousbeliefsarecountedrepeatedly).Politics
Government
TheUnitedStateshasapresidentialsystem.ThePresidentistheheadofstate,headofgovernmentandcommander-in-chiefofthearmedforces.Thepresidentiselectedindirectlyandservesafour-yearterm.Thegovernmentcabinetiscomposedofthepresident,thevicepresident,ministersandothermembersdesignatedbythepresident.Thecabinetactuallyonlyservesasthepresident'sassistantandadvisoryboard,andhasnocollectivedecision-makingpower.
PreviousUSPresidents
OnNovember25,2020,JosephBidenwaselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andKamalaHarriswaselectedVicePresidentoftheUnitedStates.OnJanuary20,2021,JosephBidenwassworninasthe46thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andKamalaHarriswassworninastheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStates.
AccordingtotheWhiteHouseannouncement,thereare26positionsinthecurrentcabinet,including:VicePresidentKamalaHarris(Female),SecretaryofStateAntonyBlinken(AntonyBlinken),SecretaryoftheTreasuryJanet·JanetYellen(female),SecretaryofDefenseLloydAustin(LloydAustin),SecretaryofJusticeMerrickGarland(MerrickGarland),SecretaryoftheInteriorDebHaaland(female),SecretaryofAgricultureTomVilsack(TomVilsack),SecretaryofCommerceGinaRaimondo(female),SecretaryofLabornomineeMartyWalsh(MartyWalsh),SecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesnomineeJavierXavierBecerra,MinisterofHousingandUrbanDevelopmentMarciaFudge(female),MinisterofTransportPeteButtigieg,MinisterofEnergyJenniferGranholm(JenniferGranholm),Female),SecretaryofEducationMiguelCardona(MiguelCardona),SecretaryofVeteransAffairsDenisMcDonough(DenisMcDonough),SecretaryofHomelandSecurityAlejandroMayorkas(AlejandroMayorkas),DirectoroftheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyMichaelRegan(MichaelRegan),DirectorofNationalIntelligenceAvrilHaines(Female),TradeRepresentativeCatherineTai(Female),PermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsLindaThomas-Greenfield(LindaThomas-Greenfield,female),CecilliaRouse(female),ChairmanoftheWhiteHouseCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,IsabelGuzman(female),nomineefortheDirectoroftheSmallBusinessAdministration,NomineeEricLander,President’sScienceAdvisorandDirectoroftheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy,President’sSpecialEnvoyforClimateJohnKerry,andWhiteHouseChiefofStaffRonKlain(RonKlain))Wait..
Constitution
OnJuly4,1776,theconstitutionaldocument"FederalRegulations"wasenacted.ThedraftconstitutionwasformulatedinMay1787,andthefirstCongressdeclareditintoforceinMarch1789.Itistheworld'sfirstwrittenconstitutionasanindependentandunifiedcountry.Themaincontentoftheconstitutionistoestablishacountrywithafederalsystem.Eachstatehasgreaterautonomy,includinglegislativepower;apoliticalsystemwiththeseparationofpowersisimplemented,andthelegislative,administrative,andjudicialbranchesareseparateandmutuallyrestricteachother.Overthepasttwocenturies,atotalof27constitutionalamendmentshavebeenformulated.Importantamendmentsinclude:thefirst10amendmentstotheConstitutionpassedbyCongressinSeptember1791,includingguaranteesoffreedomofbelief,speech,freedomofthepress,andtherighttopeacefulassembly,laterknownasthe"CivilRightsAct"(or"TheBillofRights");1865The13thand15thamendmentsontheabolitionofslaveryandtherecognitionoftherightsofblackcitizenspassedin1870and1870;the25thamendmentpassedin1951stipulatingthatthevicepresidentshallbepromotedtothepresidentifthepresidentcannotexercisehispowers.
Congress
TheCongressisthehighestlegislativebody,composedoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.Membersofthetwohousesaredirectlyelectedbyvotersineachstate.Thereare2senatorsfromeachstate,atotalof100,withatermof6years,andonethirdofthemarere-electedeverytwoyears.ThemembersoftheHouseofRepresentativesareelectedaccordingtotheproportionofthepopulationofeachstate.Thereare435membersintotal.Membersofbothhousescanbere-electedforanunlimitedterm.Thesenatorsandcongressmenarefull-timeandcannotholdgovernmentpositionsconcurrently.ThecurrentCongress(116th)openedonJanuary3,2019.PresidentoftheSenate(VicePresidentconcurrently)KamalaHarris;SpeakerProTemporaryCharlesGrassley(English:CharlesGrassley,RepublicanParty);SpeakeroftheHouseofRepresentativesNancyPelosi(NancyPelosi,DemocraticParty).
Judiciary
U.S.NaturalScenery(30photos)
SetuptheFederalSupremeCourt,FederalCourts,StateCourtsandsomespecialcourts.TheFederalSupremeCourtiscomposedoftheChiefJusticeand8justiceswhoserveforlife.TheFederalSupremeCourthasthepowertorulethatanyfederalandstatelawsareunconstitutionalandnotadopted.ThecurrentChiefJusticeJohnRoberts(JohnRobertsJr.).Politicalparties
(1)RepublicanParty:Foundedin1854.Lincolnbecamepresidentin1861,andtheRepublicanPartycametopowerforthefirsttime.Fromthenonto1933,formorethan70years,exceptfor16years,theRepublicanPartyhasbeeninchargeoftheWhiteHouse.Between1933and2001,RepublicansEisenhower(January1953toJanuary1961),Nixon(January1969toAugust1974),Ford(August1974toJanuary1977),Reagan(1981)January1989toJanuary1989),GeorgeH.W.Bush(January1989toJanuary1993),GeorgeW.Bush(January2001toJanuary2009),Trump(FromJanuary20,2017toJanuary19,2021)successivelyelectedpresidentstogovern.ThechairmanoftheRepublicanNationalCommitteeisRonnaMcDaniel(female).
(2)DemocraticParty(DemocraticParty):Establishedin1791,itwascalledtheRepublicanPartyatthattime.In1794itwasrenamedtheDemocraticRepublicanParty,andin1828itwaschangedtotheDemocraticParty.OntheeveoftheCivilWarin1861,theDemocraticPartysplitinternally,andtheparty’ssouthernslaveownersplannedarebellion.AftertheCivilWar,theDemocraticPartywasinoppositionfor24years.Clevelandwaselectedpresidentin1885.Sincethen,thepartyhasbeeninoppositionformostofitstime.Beginningin1933,theDemocratsRoosevelt(March1933toApril1945),Truman(April1945toJanuary1953),Kennedy(January1961toNovember1963),Johnson(November1963)JanuarytoJanuary1969),Carter(January1977toJanuary1981),Clinton(January1993toJanuary2001),Obama(January2009toJanuary2017),Biden((January20,2021untilnow)havebeenelectedpresidentssuccessively.ThechairmanoftheDemocraticNationalCommitteeisnowTomPerez.
Economy
Overview
TheUnitedStateshasahighlydevelopedmodernmarketeconomy,anditsGDPranksfirstintheworld.
20.93trillionU.S.dollars(basedoncurrentyearprices) |
US$63,004(basedonthecurrentyear’sprice) |
-3.5% |
1.4% |
Resources
UnitedStatesRichinnaturalresources,thetotalprovenreservesofmineralresourcesrankfirstintheworld.Coal,petroleum,naturalgas,ironore,potash,phosphate,sulfurandothermineralreservesareamongthetopintheworld.Othermineralsincludecopper,lead,molybdenum,uranium,bauxite,gold,mercury,nickel,potassiumcarbonate,silver,tungsten,zinc,aluminum,andbismuth.Strategicmineralresourcessuchastitanium,manganese,cobalt,andchromiumaremainlyimported.Theforestareaisabout4.4billionmu,withacoveragerateof33%.
Industry
In2011,theU.S.industrialproductiongrowthratewasapproximately4.1%,accountingfor19.2%oftheU.S.GDPthatyear.Industrialemploymentaccountsforabout20.3%ofthetotalemployedpopulation.Themanufacturingindustryoccupiesadominantpositionintheindustry,anditsoutputvalueaccountsforabout11%oftheUSgrossdomesticproduct.ItisanimportantfoundationpillaroftheUSeconomy.TheindustrialtransformationintheUnitedStatesisaccelerating,andtheshareofmanufacturingisonadownwardtrend,andlabor-intensiveindustriesarefurthereliminatedormovedabroad.Atthesametime,high-techindustriessuchasinformationandbiologyhavedevelopedrapidly,andnewprogresshasbeenmadeinusinghigh-techtotransformtraditionalindustries.ThemainindustrialproductsintheUnitedStatesincludeautomobiles,aviationequipment,computers,electronicsandcommunicationequipment,steel,petroleumproducts,fertilizers,cement,plasticsandnewsprint,machinery,etc.
FiscalFinance
TheUSfederalfiscaldeficitsforfiscalyears2015,2016,2017,and2018wereUS$439billion,US$587.3billion,US$665.7billion,andUS$779.0billion,respectively.InSeptember2018,thetotalUSdebthasexceeded21.5trillionUSdollars,accountingforabout111%ofGDP.InFebruary2018,theWhiteHouseannouncedthe2019fiscalyearbudget,withatotalbudgetof$4407.0billion,anincreaseof4.6%fromthe2018fiscalyear.
InthecontextofthecontinuedrecoveryoftheUSeconomyandemployment,theFederalReserveannouncedattheendof2015thatitwouldrestarttheprocessofraisinginterestrates.InDecember2016,March,June,December2017,andMarch,June,September,andDecember2018,theFederalReserveraisedinterestrateseighttimes,eachraisinginterestratesby0.25%.Thetargetrangeforthefederalfundsrateis2.25%to2.50%.StartinginOctober2017,theFedbegantoshrinkitsbalancesheet.ThemajorcommercialbanksintheUnitedStatesare:
(1)J.P.MorganChase:InDecember2000,itwasformedbythemergerofJ.P.MorganandChase-Manhattan,headquarteredinNewYork.
(2)BankofAmericaCorp:TheoriginalChinesenameis"BankofAmerica",foundedinOctober1968andheadquarteredinSanFrancisco.
(3)WellsFargo:Foundedin1852andheadquarteredinSanFrancisco,itistheonlybankintheUnitedStateswithanAAArating.
(4)Citigroup(Citigroup):In1955,CitibankofNewYorkmergedwithFirstBankofNewYorkandrenamedtheFirstCitibankofNewYork.In1962,itwaschangedtoFirstCitibank.In1967,itwaschangedtoCitigroup.company.HeadquarteredinNewYork.In1998,itmergedwithTravellerGrouptoformCitigroup,becomingtheworld'slargestfinancialservicescompany.
ForeignTrade
ThemainexportcommoditiesoftheUnitedStatesare:chemicalproducts,machinery,automobiles,airplanes,electronicinformationequipment,weapons,food,medicines,beverages,etc.Themainimportedcommoditiesare:food,clothing,electronicequipment,machinery,steel,textiles,petroleum,naturalrubber,tin,chromiumandothermetals.
ThetopfivemerchandisetradingpartnersoftheUnitedStatesin2019aretheEuropeanUnion,Mexico,Canada,China,andJapan.ThetopfiveexportmarketsforgoodsaretheEuropeanUnion,Canada,Mexico,China,andJapan.ThetopfiveimportsourcesofgoodsaretheEuropeanUnion,China,Mexico,Canada,andJapan.
In2019,thetotalUStradeingoodswasapproximatelyUS$4171.9billion,adecreaseof1.5%comparedtothesameperiodin2018;ofwhichexportswereUS$1.6528billion,ayear-on-yeardecreaseofapproximately1.1%;importswereapproximatelyUS$2,519billion,adecreaseof1.7%;ThedeficitwasUS$866.2billion,adecreaseofabout2.8%.
29033 | 31210 | 31144 | 18123 |
23510 | 25000 | 24980 | 13905 |
5523 | 6210 | 6164 | 4218 |
Foreigninvestmentandforeigncapital
In2018,affectedbythereturnofprofitsfrommultinationalcorporations,theUnitedStatesmadeforeigndirectinvestmentThetotalfellbyUS$62.3billiontoUS$5.95trillion.Itabsorbedabout319.1billionU.S.dollarsofforeigndirectinvestment,makingitthelargestforeigninflowcountry.
ForeignAid
AccordingtothestatisticsoftheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment,infiscalyear2019,theUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopmenthasanetexpenditureofUS$12billion,includingUS$2.63billionineconomicdevelopmentassistanceandUS$3.8billioninhumanitarianassistance.,HealthaidprojectssuchasUS$1.067billionaremainlyinvestedinAfrica,theMiddleEast,CentralAsiaandSouthAsia.TheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment,theStateDepartment,theDepartmentofAgriculture,theDepartmentofDefense,andtheMillenniumChallengeCorporation(MCC)arethemainagenciesthatimplementUSbilateralforeignaid.
Majorcompanies
Amongthetop2000globalcompaniesannouncedontheForbeswebsiteinJune2018,U.S.companiesoccupy560seats.Thetoptenrankingsareasfollows:
p>JPMorganChase
BerkshireHathaway(Inc.CLA)
BankofAmericaCorp)
WellsFargo
AppleInc.
ExxonMobil
AT&T
VerizonCommunications
Microsoft
Chevron)
People'sLivelihood
ThedisposableincomeofAmericansin2019wasUS$45,579,anincreaseof2.4%from2018.TheUSpersonalsavingsratewas14.1%inAugust2020.TheGinicoefficientin2018was0.49,exceedingthealertlevel.
SocialwelfareintheUnitedStatesisdividedintotwotypes:socialinsuranceandnon-socialinsurance.Thesocialinsurancewelfareitemsinclude:disabilityinsurance,unemploymentinsuranceandotheremploymentinsurance;thenon-socialinsurancewelfareitemsinclude:subsidiestofamilieswithdifficultiesinraisingchildren,socialsecurityincome,foodstamps,medicalsubsidies,housingsubsidiesandenergysubsidies.TheUSmedicalsecuritysystemismainlycomposedoftwoparts:federalmedicalinsuranceandgovernmentmedicalassistance.Inrecentyears,medicalexpendituresintheUnitedStateshavecontinuedtorise,andthegovernment'sfinancialresourceshavebeenunabletomakeendsmeet.DuringtheObamaadministration,theUnitedStateswillpassahealthinsurancereformbillwith"fullcoverage"and"lowcost"asthecoreinMarch2010.AfterU.S.PresidentTrumptookoffice,heannouncedthathewouldrepealandreplacethemedicalreformlaw,buttherelevantlegislativeprocesswasfrustratedinCongress.
In2019,theBritishriskassessmentcompanyMaplecroftconductedasurveyandevaluationofwastegenerationandrecyclingin194countriesandfoundthattheUSpopulationaccountsfor4%oftheworld’stotalpopulation,andthewastegeneratedaccountsfor12%ofthetotal.,Canbecalled"theworld'snumberonegarbagemaker".ThesurveyshowsthattheUnitedStatesistheonlydevelopedcountrywhosewasteproductioncapacityexceedsitsrecyclingcapacity.
Culture
Overview
AmericanSociety(5photos)
TheculturalindustryintheUnitedStatesisverydeveloped,andtheoutputvalueaccountsforGDPItsoverallcompetitivenessranksfirstintheworld.Fromthe1930stobeforetheSecondWorldWar,theUnitedStatesinitiallyformedthefoundationandframeworkoftheculturalindustry;inthemid-twentiethcentury,theUSculturalindustryenteredaperiodofrapiddevelopment;afterthe1980s,withthedeepeningofculturalcommercializationWithitsadvantagesineconomy,technology,andknowledge,theUnitedStatesbegantodumpculturalproductstoothercountriesintheworld,especiallydevelopingcountries.Inthe1990s,withthedeepeningofeconomicglobalization,theculturalindustrybarriersofvariouscountriescontinuedtobebroken,Thewaveofcorporatemergersandreorganizationsissurging,andanumberofsupertransnationalculturalindustrygroupshaveemergedintheUnitedStates,leadingthedevelopmentoftheglobalculturalindustry.
Language
Becausethereisnoofficiallanguagewithfederalstatus,somestateshavedesignatedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,butEnglishisthedefactoofficiallanguage.Asfarastheentirefederationisconcerned,thereisnounifiedOfficiallanguage.AsaresultofthecampaigntopromoteEnglishastheofficiallanguageformanyyears,31ofthe50statesintheUnitedStateshavepassedlegislationtostipulateEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andsomeotherstateshavealsoproposedrelatedbills.However,theyarefacingconsiderableresistance.ThreestatesrecognizethatotherlanguageshaveparallelstatuswithEnglish:FrenchinLouisiana,HawaiianinHawaii,andSpanishinNewMexico.
Literature
Americanliteraturehasundergonemorethantwohundredyearsofdevelopmentsinceitscolonialperiodwhenittookshapeuntil2013,andithasbecomeincreasinglymature.Asamirrorthatreflectsthehistoricaltrendofsocialdevelopmentandheraldsthedirectionofsocialdevelopment,AmericanliteraturealsoembodiestheuniquephilosophyandvaluesofAmericans.MostoftheearlyimmigrantsintheUnitedStatescametothisnewcontinentfromBritainorEurope.TheywantedtogetridoftheoldfeudaltraditionsofEuropeandpursuefreedomanddemocracy.Theserequirementsarereflectedinliterature,andindividualismhasbecomeacharacteristicthroughoutearlyAmericanliterature.Inthisregard,thedevelopmentofAmericanliteratureisveryconsistent.
TheAmericanDream
TheAmericanDreamisanidealthatbelievesthatabetterlifecanbeachievedthroughunremittingstruggleintheUnitedStates,thatis,peoplemustworkhardandcourageouslythroughtheirownwork.,Creativityanddeterminationtomovetowardsprosperity,ratherthanrelyingontheassistanceofspecificsocialclassesandothers.Usuallythisrepresentspeople’seconomicsuccessorentrepreneurialspirit.ManyEuropeanimmigrantscametotheUnitedStateswiththeidealofrealizingtheAmericandream.
Holidays
NewYear'sDay | NewYear'sDay | January1,AD |
MartinLutherKingDay | BirthdayofMartinLutherKing | ThethirdMondayinJanuary |
Washington’sBirthday | Washington'sBirthday | ThethirdMondayinFebruary |
UnitedStatesMemorialDay | MemorialDay | ThelastoneofMayMonday |
AmericanIndependenceDay | IndependenceDay | July4,1776 |
LaborDay | LaborDay | ThefirstinSeptemberMonday |
ColumbusDay | ColumbusDay | 1ThesecondMondayin0months |
VeteransDay | VeteransDay | November11,1918 |
ThanksgivingDay | ThanksgivingDay | ThefourthThursdayofNovember |
Christmas | ChristmasDay | December25th,ADyear |
Military
U.S.military(5photos)
TheU.S.Presidentconcurrentlyservesasthecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforcesandholdsthehighestcommand.Therighttouseoffensivestrategicweaponsandnuclearweaponsisconcentratedinthehandsofthepresident.ThenationalmilitarycommandsystemiscomposedoftheMinistryofNationalDefenseandtheJointChiefsofStaff.
TheMinistryofNationalDefenseistheofficewherethePresidentleadsandcommandstheentirearmy.ItisalsothemilitarycommandorganizationthatissuesordersfromthePresidentandtheSecretaryofDefensetothejointheadquarters.TheJointChiefsofStaffisthehighestmilitaryadvisorybodyforthePresidentandtheSecretaryofDefense.ItiscomposedoftheChairman,theVice-Chairman,theChiefsofStaffoftheArmyandAirForce,theSecretaryofNavalOperationsandtheCommanderoftheMarineCorps.ActingSecretaryofDefensePatrickShanahan(PatrickShanahan);ChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaffJosephDunford(JosephDunford).
Accordingtopublicinformation,thereare1.347millionactivesoldiersintheUnitedStatesand808,000invarioustypesofreserveforces.TheUnitedStateshasconcludedmultilateralandbilateralmilitarytreatieswithmorethan50countriesandregionsintheworld,hasmorethan800overseasbasesandfacilities,providedmilitaryassistanceto40countriesandregions,andhasforeignaidmilitarytrainingprogramswithmorethan90countriesandregions..Militarybudgetsforthe2017,2018,and2019fiscalyearsare$6187,$700,and$717billion,respectively.
Transportation
Overview
TheUnitedStateshasacompleteandconvenienttransportationnetwork,withvariousmeansoftransportation.Comparedwithotherwesterncountries,becausetheautomobileindustrydevelopedquiteearlyintheUnitedStates,thedevelopmentofmanycitiesintheUnitedStateshasconsideredinadvancethedesignofmatchingcitiesandresidentialareaswithroadnetworks.Inordertoconnectthecountry,theUnitedStateshasdesignedandbuilthigh-trafficandhigh-speedhighways.ThenationaltransportationsystemoftheUnitedStatesmainlyreliesonthesehighwaynetworks.Themostimportantoftheseistheconstructionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem.Thesehighwayswereauthorizedbythen-PresidentDwightEisenhowerinthe1950s.
In2011,theoutputvalueofthetransportationandstorageindustryintheUnitedStateswas418.8billionU.S.dollars,accountingforapproximately2.8%ofthetotalU.S.economyandabsorbingapproximately3%ofemployedpeople.
Subway
NewYorkCity’ssubwaynetworkisoneoftheworld’sheaviestsubwaynetworks.TheregionalrailandbusnetworkextendstoLongIsland,NewYork,NewJersey,andConnecticut,makingitoneoftheworld'slargesttransportationnetworksforpassengers.Butgenerallyspeaking,publictransportationinAmericancitiesisrelativelyweakcomparedtootherdevelopedcountries,andpeopleuseprivatecarsmorefortravel.
Railroad
TheUnitedStatesbuiltatranscontinentalrailroadnetworktocarrygoodsbetween48states.TherailnetworkbuiltbyAmtrakalsotraverses46ofthe48statesandisdedicatedtopassengertransportation.TheU.S.railfreightsystemisthebusiestandmostadvancedintheworld,andthetotallengthofU.S.railroadsranksfirstintheworld.Accordingto2007data,thetotallengthofrailroadsintheUnitedStatesis226,427kilometers.However,passengertransportationintheU.S.railroadisnotasdevelopedasinWesternEuropeandJapan,partlybecauseofthevastnessoftheU.S.;toreachlargecitiesthousandsofmilesaway,itwilltakemoretimetotravelbyplanethanbytrain.TheanalysisoftheUSgovernmentbelievesthatairpassengertransportationwasthemaincauseofthesuccessiveclosuresofpassengerrailwaycompaniesinthe1970s.
Highway
ThehighwayandhighwaysystemintheUnitedStatescoversthewholecountry.Asof2014,thetotallengthofhighwaysinthecountryexceeded6.51millionkilometers.About140millionvehiclesusethehighwaysystem.Highwaysarebuiltbylocal,state,andfederalgovernments.Since1811,thefederalgovernmenthasassumedresponsibilityfortheconstructionofitsroadsforthefirsttime.OnJuly6,2012,PresidentObamasignedthe"Advanceinthe21stCentury"transportationbilltoallocate105billionUSdollarsforlandtransportationconstructioninfiscalyear2013andfiscalyear2014.
AirFreight
In2004,17ofthetop30busiestairportsintheworldwerelocatedintheUnitedStates,includingthenumberoneAtlantaHartsfield-JacksonInternationalAirport(Hartsfield-JacksonInternationalAirport).JacksonAtlantaInternationalAirport).Intermsofcargovolume,inthesameyear,12ofthetop30busiestcargoairportsintheworldwereintheUnitedStates,includingthenumberoneMemphisInternationalAirport(MEM).
Watertransportation
Manyoftheworld’smajorportsarealsolocatedintheUnitedStates;thebusiestarethePortsofLosAngelesandLongBeachinCalifornia,andthePortofNewYork,allofwhicharethebusiestintheworldPort.TheGreatLakesregion(LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeErie,LakeHuron,LakeOntario)alsohasalotofshiptransportation.EachofthebiglakesisextensivelyconnectedtotheMississippirivernetwork,andthelowestreachesoftheriverleadsdirectlytotheAtlanticOcean.TheErieCanal,thefirsttoconnecttheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean,promotedtherapidagriculturalandindustrialdevelopmentoftheMidwesternUnitedStatesandmadeNewYorkCitytheeconomiccenteroftheUnitedStates.
Society
Technology
Americanstyle(8photos)
Intheearly19thcentury,theUnitedStateswasengagedinscientificandtechnologicalresearch,Andtechnologicalproductinnovationareamongthemostinfluentialcountries.TheUSgovernmenthasalwaysbelievedthatscienceandtechnologyexpenditureisaninvestmentinthecountry'sfuture,andusesthisasaguidelinetoformulatescienceandtechnologypolicies.TheUSscienceandtechnologypolicyhasalwaysattachedimportancetonationaldefenseresearchandbasicresearch.Theformerismainlytomaintainmilitarysuperiority,whilethelatterisbasedontheconsiderationthatbasicresearchisthefoundationofthecountry'slong-termdevelopment.Manyofthemostimportantinventionsinthehistoryofhumanindustry,includingcottongins,general-purposeparts,productionlines,etc.,alloriginatedintheUnitedStates.Amongthem,industrialproductionlinesareparticularlyimportant.Itmakesindustrialmassproductionchangefromdreamtoreality.Otherimportantinventionsincludeairplanes,lightbulbsandtelephones.
Inthe20thcentury,theUnitedStatesplannedtheManhattanAtomicBombProject,theApolloMoonLandingProjectandtheHumanGenomeProject.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,theUnitedStatesfirstdevelopedanatomicbomb,bringinghumantechnologyintoaneweraoftheatomicage.AfterthebeginningoftheColdWar,theUnitedStatesachievedsuccessinthefieldofspacescienceandtechnologyandtooktheleadinthespacerace,whichledtomajoradvancesinrockettechnology,weaponsresearch,materialscience,andcomputers.TheUnitedStateshasmadegreatcontributionstothehistoryofcomputerandnetworkdevelopment.IncludingthecomputerinventedinWorldWarII,theinitialmilitaryapplication,andthedevelopmentandinnovationofpersonalcomputers,theARPAnetworkestablishedbytheUSDepartmentofDefenseisthepioneerofnetworktechnology.
Intermsofscientificresearch,AmericanscholarshavewonalargenumberofNobelPrizes,especiallyinthefieldsofbiologyandmedicine.TheNationalHealthResearchCenteroftheUnitedStatesisthefocusofAmericanbiomedicineandhascompletedtheHumanGenomeProject,bringinghumancureresearchontumors,Alzheimer'sdiseaseandotherdiseasesintoanimportantstage.ThegovernmentagencyforaviationandaerospaceresearchistheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration.PrivatecompaniessuchasBoeingandLockheedMartinalsoplayedanimportantrole.TheNationalAcademyofSciences,theNationalAcademyofEngineering,theNationalAcademyofMedicineandtheNationalFundforNaturearethefourhighest-levelacademicinstitutionsintheUnitedStates.ExceptfortheNaturalScienceFoundation,theotherthreeacademiesawardedacademiciantitles.
Education
Elementaryandsecondaryeducationismainlymanagedbythestateboardofeducationandlocalgovernments.Therearetwotypesofschools:publicandprivate.Moststatesimplementcompulsoryeducationfortenyears.Theeducationalsystemvariesfromstatetostate,mostofwhicharesixyearsofelementaryschool,threeyearsofjuniorhighschool,andthreeyearsofhighschool.Highereducationhastwo-yearjuniorcollegesandtechnicalcolleges,four-yearundergraduatesandtwotofour-yeargraduateschools.
Famousinstitutionsofhigherlearningare:HarvardUniversity,PrincetonUniversity,YaleUniversity,UniversityofPennsylvania,DukeUniversity,StanfordUniversity,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,ColumbiaUniversity,DartmouthCollege,WashingtonUniversityofSt.Louis,NorthwesternUniversity,CornellUniversity,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,BrownUniversity,UniversityofChicago,RiceUniversity,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,etc.
Health
OnJuly6,2020,theUnitedStatesofficiallywithdrewfromtheWorldHealthOrganization.Immediatelyaftertakingoffice,Bidensignedaseriesofexecutiveorders,includinganactionplantorejointheWHO
Sports
AmericanNBA(7photos)
SportsisanimportantpartofnationalcultureintheUnitedStates.AmericanslikesomesportsthatareparticularlypopularintheUnitedStates.Forexample,comparedwithAmericanfootball,baseball,basketballandicehockey,footballisarelativelyunpopularsportintheUnitedStates,butasmoreandmoreteenagersareengagedinthisworldThemostpopularsport,footballisalsoconsideredtobethesportwiththemostpotentialfordevelopmentintheUnitedStates.Thevirtuesembodiedinsportscompetitions,suchasteamspirit,justice,discipline,anddurability,haveahighreputationinAmericansociety.OnJune13,2018,FIFAofficiallyannouncedattheCongressthattheUnitedStates,CanadaandMexico(jointbid)defeatedMoroccoandwontherighttohostthe2026WorldCup.
Newsandpublishing
U.S.well-knownmedia(3photos)
TheU.S.newspapersystemishuge.Thetop10AmericandailynewspapersincirculationintheUnitedStatesin2016are:"USAToday","WallStreetJournal","NewYorkTimes","LosAngelesTimes","NewYorkPost","NewsDaily","ChicagoTribune","NewYorkDailyNews","WashingtonPost","DenverPost".TheAssociatedPressisthelargestnewsagencyintheUnitedStates.ItwasestablishedinChicagoin1846,becameanassociatecompanyin1893,andmoveditsheadquarterstoNewYorkin1990.Thepartnershavemorethan1,700newspapers,morethan5,000TVandradiostations;thereare243newsbureausaroundtheworld,withofficesin120countries.UnitedPressInternationalisthesecondlargestnewsagencyintheUnitedStates.ItwasformedbythemergeroftheformerUnitedPressandInternationalNewsin1958andisheadquarteredinFlorida.Therearemorethan80branchesabroadandaworldwidephotonetwork.
TheUnitedStateshasdevelopedradioandtelevisionandcabletelevisionsystems.ThetwolargestforeignbroadcastersaretheVoiceofAmericaandtheAmericanRadioandTelevisionNetwork,bothofwhichareofanofficialnature.ThelargestnationalbroadcastingnetworksintheUnitedStatesareNationalBroadcastingCorporation(NBC),CBS(CBS),AmericanBroadcastingCorporation(ABC),CNNandFox(FOX).
Environmentalprotection
OnApril22,2021,Bidenannouncedintheopeningceremonyoftheleaders’climatesummitthatTheUnitedStates’greenhousegasemissionswillbereducedby50%comparedto2005,andthegoalofcarbonneutralitywillbeachievedby2050.
Diplomacy
SincetheTrumpadministrationtookofficeinJanuary2017,theUnitedStateshasattachedgreatimportancetodevelopingrelationswithcountriesinEurope,theMiddleEast,theAsia-Pacific,LatinAmerica,andAfrica,andhasrespondedtorelevantregionalhotissues.
RelationshipwithJapan
UnitedStates(15photos)
InFebruary2018,USVicePresidentPengSriLanka'svisittoJapan.InMarch,USPresidentTrumphadaphonecallwithJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbe.InApril,USPresidentTrumpmetwithJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbewhowasvisitingtheUnitedStates.InMay,thedefenseministersoftheUnitedStatesandJapanheldtalksontheNorthKoreanissue.InJune,thedefenseministersoftheUnitedStates,Japan,andAustralia,aswellasthedefenseministersoftheUnitedStates,Japan,andSouthKorea,respectivelyheldatrilateralmeetingduringthe"Shangri-LaDialogue"inSingapore.TheUnitedStates,Japan,andIndiahelda"Malabar"jointmilitaryexercisenearGuam.USDefenseSecretaryMattisvisitedJapanandmetwithJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbe.InJuly,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedJapan,metwithJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbe,andheldatrilateralmeetingwiththeforeignministersofJapanandSouthKorea.InAugust,USSecretaryofStatePompeowenttoSingaporetoattendaseriesofEastAsiaCooperationForeignMinisters'MeetingstomeetwithJapaneseForeignMinisterTaroKono,andheldatrilateralmeetingwiththeJapaneseandAustralianforeignministers.InSeptember,USPresidentTrumpmetwithJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeduringhisattendanceatthe73rdUNGeneralAssembly.InOctober,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedJapanandmetwithJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeandJapaneseForeignMinisterTaroKono.InNovember,USVicePresidentPencevisitedJapanandmetwithPrimeMinisterShinzoAbeonthesameday.USPresidentTrumpandJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeandIndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModiheldthefirstUS-Japan-IndiasummitduringtheirattendanceattheG20summitinBuenosAires.RelationshipwithSouthKorea
InFebruary2018,USVicePresidentPencevisitedSouthKoreaandattendedtheopeningceremonyofthePyeongchangWinterOlympics.InApril,theUnitedStatesandSouthKorealaunchedthe"HarrierEagle"and"KeyDecision"jointmilitaryexercises.InMay,SouthKoreanPresidentMoonJae-invisitedtheUnitedStatesandheldabilateralmeetingwithUSPresidentTrump.InJune,thedefenseministersoftheUnitedStatesandSouthKoreametduringthe"Shangri-LaDialogue"inSingapore.USDefenseSecretaryMattisvisitedSouthKoreaandheldtalkswithSouthKoreanDefenseSecretarySongYongwu.TheU.S.SenateapprovedthenominationofformerU.S.PacificCommandCommanderHarrisastheambassadortoSouthKorea.InAugust,U.S.SecretaryofStatePompeometwithSouthKoreanForeignMinisterKangKyung-whaduringhisattendanceataseriesofforeignministers’meetingsonEastAsiaCooperationinSingapore.InSeptember,USPresidentTrumpmetwithSouthKoreanPresidentMoonJae-induringhisattendanceatthe73rdUNGeneralAssembly.InOctober,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedSouthKoreaandmetwithSouthKoreanPresidentMoonJae-in.InNovember,USVicePresidentPencemetwithSouthKoreanPresidentMoonJae-induringhisvisittoSingapore.USPresidentTrumpmetwithSouthKoreanPresidentMoonJae-induringhisattendanceattheBuenosAiressummitoftheG20leaders.
RelationswithNorthKorea
InJanuary2018,U.S.PresidentTrumpstatedthatifNorthKoreawishes,theUnitedStatesandNorthKoreacanStartadialogue.InFebruary,theU.S.TreasuryDepartmentannouncedsanctionson27companies,28ships,andoneindividualthathelpedNorthKoreaevadesanctions.InresponsetoNorthKorea’swillingnesstotalktotheUnitedStates,theWhiteHousesaiditwouldobservewhethertherelevantstatementindicatesthefirststepintheprocessofNorthKorea’sdenuclearization.IfNorthKoreachoosestodenuclearize,itwillhaveabrighterprospect.InMarch,whenmeetingwiththespecialenvoyoftheSouthKoreanpresident,USPresidentTrumpagreedtomeetwithKimJongUn,ChairmanoftheNorthKoreanStateCouncil.InApril,USPresidentTrumppraisedNorthKoreaforagreeingtostopallnucleartestsandcloseamajornucleartestsite.InMay,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedNorthKoreaandmetwithKimJongUn,ChairmanoftheNorthKoreanStateCouncil,tocommunicatewiththeleadersoftheUSandNorthKorea.InJune,U.S.PresidentTrumpmetinSingaporewithChairmanKimJong-unoftheNorthKoreanStateCouncilandsignedajointstatement.ThetwosidesagreedtoestablishanewrelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandNorthKoreaandbuildapeacemechanismonthepeninsula.TheUnitedStatespromisedtoprovidesecuritytoNorthKorea.Afirmcommitmenttocompletedenuclearization.InJuly,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedNorthKoreatoinitiatefollow-upnegotiationsattheUS-NorthKoreasummit.InOctober,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedNorthKoreaandmetwithKimJongUn,ChairmanoftheNorthKoreanStateCouncil.
RelationswithASEAN
Sino-USdiplomaticrelations(7photos)
January2018,theUnitedStatesDefenseMinisterMattisvisitedIndonesiaandVietnam.InFebruary,U.S.PresidentTrumpspokewithVietnamesePresidentChenDaguang.InMarch,theUSSCarlVinsonaircraftcarrierbattlegroupvisitedDaNang,Vietnam.InJune,USPresidentTrumpmetwithSingaporeanPrimeMinisterLeeHsienLoongduringthemeetingbetweenUSandNorthKoreanleadersinSingapore.InJuly,USSecretaryofStatePompeovisitedVietnam.InAugust,U.S.SecretaryofStatePompeovisitedMalaysia,Singapore,andIndonesiaandwenttoSingaporetoattendaseriesofforeignministerialmeetingsonEastAsiacooperation.InNovember,USVicePresidentPenceattendedtheUS-ASEANSummitandEastAsiaSummitheldinSingapore,duringwhichhemetwithSingaporeanPrimeMinisterLeeHsienLoongandMyanmarStateCounsellorAungSanSuuKyi.RelationswithSouthAsianCountries
InFebruary2018,USPresidentTrumpandIndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModihadaphonecall,expressinghiswillingnesstostrengtheneconomictieswithIndiaandcontinuetocooperateandpromoteAsiaPacificsecurity.USVicePresidentPencespokewithAfghanPresidentGhaniandreiteratedhissupportfortheU.S.-AfghanNationalUnityGovernmentandtheclosealliancebetweentheU.S.andAfghanistan.InMarch,USSecretaryofDefenseMattisvisitedAfghanistan.InJune,Haley,thePermanentRepresentativeoftheUnitedStatestotheUnitedNations,visitedIndia.9月，美国国务卿蓬佩奥、防长马蒂斯与印外长斯瓦拉吉、防长希塔拉曼举行首次美印外长防长“2+2”磋商，双方同意深化美印战略伙伴关系。美国务卿蓬佩奥和参联会主席邓福德短暂访问巴基斯坦。10月，美国务卿蓬佩奥和总统国家安全事务助理博尔顿会见到访的巴基斯坦外长库雷希。12月，美国总统特朗普致函巴基斯坦总理伊姆兰·汗，要求巴支持阿富汗和谈进程。美阿富汗问题特别代表哈利勒扎德与阿富汗塔利班代表在阿布扎比举行会谈。
同俄罗斯的关系
2018年1月，美国财政部发表声明，宣布将21名俄罗斯和乌克兰公民及9家在俄、乌两国注册的企业增列入制裁名单。美俄外长两次通话。2月，美以俄干预美2016年总统选举为由起诉13名俄罗斯公民及3家俄实体。特朗普就俄客机坠毁事件与俄总统普京通话表示慰问。3月，美首次以俄干涉美大选为由对俄5家实体和19名个人实施制裁。美、英、法、德领导人就俄前间谍遭毒害事件发表联合声明，称俄应对事件负责，美驱逐60名俄外交官并关闭俄驻西雅图领馆。特朗普与普京通话，祝贺其胜选连任，提议适时举行元首会晤。4月，美以俄破坏西方民主为由对俄24名个人和14家实体实施制裁。6月，美俄外长通电话。美总统国家安全事务助理博尔顿访俄。美以参与对美和盟友网络攻击为由对俄5个企业和3名个体实施制裁。俄总统普京签署《关于影响（反制）美国和其他国家不友好行为措施法》。7月，特朗普与俄总统普京在芬兰赫尔辛基举行首次正式会晤。8月，美以俄特工斯克里帕尔案为由指控俄使用生化武器违反国际法，对俄实行新一轮制裁。9月，美以俄干预美大选为由进一步扩大对俄制裁，新增33名个人和实体。10月，美宣布将退出美俄《中导条约》。美司法部起诉俄一公民干预美大选。11月，美因克里米亚和乌克兰东部问题对俄3名个人、9个机构实施金融制裁。12月，美以“干预美大选”、“网络攻击”、“使用化学武器”等为由增加制裁若干俄罗斯个人和实体。美因俄扣留乌克兰船只事取消美俄元首晤，并对俄有关人员和实体进行制裁。美俄举行首次副外长级反恐磋商。
同欧洲国家的关系
2018年1月，美国总统特朗普出席达沃斯世界经济论坛期间会见英国首相特雷莎·梅。美国务卿蒂勒森访问英国、法国、波兰。美军参联会主席邓福德出席北约军事委员会会议。挪威首相访美。2月，美总统国家安全事务助理麦克马斯特、防长马蒂斯、常务副国务卿苏利文出席慕尼黑安全会议。防长马蒂斯访问意大利、比利时、德国，出席北约防长会。常务副国务卿苏利文访问意大利、乌克兰、拉脱维亚、比利时。塞尔维亚外长访美。3月，美国总统特朗普与法、德、英领导人通话。瑞典首相、波罗的海三国外长访美。4月，叙利亚发生疑似化武袭击事件后，美英法联合对叙实施军事打击。法国总统马克龙、德国总理默克尔访美。爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛三国总统联合访美。5月，美国总统特朗普与英、法领导人多次通话，讨论经贸合作和中东局势。格鲁吉亚总理、冰岛外长、荷兰外长、德国外长、北约秘书长访美。6月，美国总统特朗普出席七国集团加拿大峰会。美国对欧盟输美钢铝产品分别征收25%和10%关税。欧盟对美橙汁、威士忌酒及电单车等价值28亿欧元的商品征收25%关税，并在世界贸易组织提出申诉。西班牙国王菲利普六世夫妇、葡萄牙总统雷贝洛-德索萨分别访美。7月，美国总统特朗普出席第29届北约布鲁塞尔峰会，并对英国进行正式访问。欧盟委员会主席容克访美，美欧同意暂停贸易战。荷兰首相吕特访美。8月，针对美宣布恢复对伊朗制裁，欧盟宣布更新“阻断法案”。意大利总理孔特、英国外交大臣亨特分别访美。9月，美国总统特朗普出席联大期间在纽约分别会见法国总统马克龙和英国首相特雷莎·梅。美欧贸易首席谈判代表举行了两轮会晤。10月，德国外长、希腊防长访美。11月，美国总统特朗普应邀赴法国巴黎出席一战结束100周年纪念活动，期间会见法国总统马克龙。芬兰总理、保加利亚外长、塞浦路斯外长、斯洛伐克外长、乌克兰外长访美。12月，美国总统特朗普出席二十国集团领导人布宜诺斯艾利斯峰会期间会见德国总理默克尔。美国务卿蓬佩奥出席布鲁塞尔北约外长会。美常务副国务卿苏利文访问保加利亚、波黑、马其顿、波兰。比利时首相米歇尔、希腊代理外长、斯罗文尼亚外长访美。
同中东国家的关系
2018年1月，美国副总统彭斯访问埃及、约旦、以色列。美国国务卿蒂勒森、防长马蒂斯与卡塔尔外长谢赫、防长哈立德在华盛顿共同主持首届美—卡战略对话。2月，美国国务卿蒂勒森访问土耳其。3月，美国总统特朗普与土耳其总统埃尔多安通话。沙特王储穆罕默德访美。4月，叙利亚东古塔地区发生疑似化武袭击事件后，美联合英、法对叙军事设施发起军事打击。美国国务卿蓬佩奥访问沙特、以色列和约旦。5月，美国总统特朗普宣布“终止参与”伊核问题全面协议。美驻以色列使馆在耶路撒冷举行开馆仪式。阿联酋外长阿卜杜拉访美。8月，美总统特朗普签署行政令，恢复首批对伊朗核领域制裁。9月，美总统国家安全事务助理博尔顿宣布关闭巴勒斯坦解放组织驻美办事处。10月，美国务卿蓬佩奥访问土耳其和沙特。11月，美政府宣布全面恢复对伊朗核领域制裁。12月，美国总统特朗普宣布美将自叙利亚撤军。美国总统特朗普突访美军驻伊拉克基地，期间与伊总理阿卜杜勒马赫迪通话。
同美洲国家关系
2018年2月，美国国务卿蒂勒森访问墨西哥、阿根廷、秘鲁、哥伦比亚、牙买加。美国总统特朗普在华盛顿会见危地马拉总统莫拉莱斯。3月，美国总统特朗普签署行政令，对委内瑞拉实施金融制裁。4月，美国副总统彭斯赴秘鲁参加第八届美洲峰会。5月，美国副总统彭斯访问美洲国家组织总部。美总统特朗普签署行政令，扩大对委内瑞拉经济制裁。8月，美国防部长马蒂斯访问巴西、阿根廷、智利和哥伦比亚。9月，美国总统特朗普接待智利总统皮涅拉访美。10月，美国与墨西哥共同举办第二届中美洲繁荣与安全会议。美国务卿蓬佩奥访问巴拿马和墨西哥。11月，美副总统彭斯访问墨西哥。美国、墨西哥、加拿大签署《美墨加贸易协定》。美国总统特朗普在出席二十国集团领导人布宜诺斯艾利斯峰会期间，同阿根廷总统马克里举行会晤。12月，美国与加拿大举行外长、防长“2+2”对话。美国务院发布《美国对中美洲和墨西哥南部战略》。美国务卿蓬佩奥访问巴西和哥伦比亚。
同非洲国家的关系
2018年1月，美国副总统彭斯在开罗会见埃及总统塞西。美总统特朗普接待卢旺达总统卡加梅访美。2月，美国国务卿蒂勒森在开罗会见埃及总统塞西。3月，美国国务卿蒂勒森访问乍得、吉布提、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和尼日利亚五国和非盟总部，宣布对非提供5.33亿美元人道主义援助。4月，美国总统特朗普同埃及总统塞西通电话。美国宣布向刚果民主共和国提供6700万美元人道主义援助。美国总统特朗普接待尼日利亚总统布哈里访美。5月，美国副总统彭斯同埃及总统塞西通电话。7月，美国副总统彭斯接待埃塞俄比亚总理阿比访美。8月，美总统特朗普会见肯尼亚总统肯雅塔，双方发表联合声明，决定建立战略伙伴关系，设立年度对话机制。9月，美国务卿蓬佩奥会见摩洛哥外长。12月，美国务卿蓬佩奥在华盛顿会见塞内加尔总理迪奥纳。美国发布题为《促进繁荣、安全和稳定》对非洲新战略。
同蒙古的关系
当地时间2019年7月31日下午，美国总统特朗普在白宫会见了到访的蒙古国总统哈勒特马·巴特图勒嘎，宣布两国关系提升至战略伙伴关系。
同白俄罗斯的关系
2019年9月17日，美国负责政治事务的副国务卿戴维·黑尔在白俄罗斯首都明斯克表示，美白两国决定将派驻对方国家的外交使团恢复为大使级。
旅游
概况
美国华盛顿(10张)
旅游产业是美国经济的重要组成部分。2011年，美国旅游业产值达1.2万亿美元，支持了760万个就业岗位，其中国际游客在旅游及其相关产业上的消费达到了创纪录的1530亿美元。美国商务部预测，未来5年美国旅游业将年平均增长4%至5%，2012年来美旅游的国际游客人数将达到6540万人次。2012年1月，美国总统奥巴马份签署了促进旅游业发展的行政命令，并责令商务部长和内政部长牵头成立工作组，就促进旅游业制定战略规划。美国国务院宣布将简化部分赴美签证申请人办理签证的手续，并为符合条件的首次申请人提供免面签的待遇。景点
白宫
北接拉斐特广场，南邻爱丽普斯公园，与高耸的华盛顿纪念碑相望，是一座白色的二层楼房。白宫从前并不是白色的，也不称白宫，而被称作“总统大厦”、“总统之宫”。1792年始建时是一栋灰色的沙石建筑。
从1800年起，它是美国总统在任期内办公并和家人居住的地方。但是在1812年发生的第二次美英战争中，英国军队入侵华盛顿。1814年8月24日英军焚毁了这座建筑物，只留下了一付空架子。1817年重新修复时为了掩饰火烧过的痕迹，詹姆斯·门罗总统下令在灰色沙石上漆上了一层白色的油漆。此后这栋总统官邸一直被称为“白宫”。1901年美国总统西奥多·罗斯福正式把它命名为“白宫”，后成为美国政府的代名词。
国会山
国会山也就是通常说的国会大厦，指作为美国国会办公机构的国会建筑。它坐落在华盛顿特区国会山的顶部，国家街的东端。尽管地理上并不在华盛顿特区的中心，但是还是由于它的特殊地位而成为大家关注的焦点。1793年华盛顿亲自为大厦奠基，南北战争爆发后，有人提议停建该大厦，林肯总统却坚持要将高280英尺的大圆顶造好。国会大厦的圆顶已成为电视中美国政治新闻报道的最佳背景，圆顶内部是一个可容纳二三千人的金碧辉煌的大厅。
自然历史博物馆
美国自然历史博物馆坐落于美国纽约曼哈顿区，与大都会艺术博物馆遥遥相对，占地面积为7公顷。综合罗马与文复兴样式是该博物馆的建筑风格，于1869年建成。
总统山
总统山(2张)
总统山，全名拉什莫尔山国家纪念公园、美国总统公园，是一座坐落于南达科他州基斯通附近的美利坚合众国总统纪念公园。公园内有四座高达60英尺的美国前总统头像，分别是乔治·华盛顿、托马斯·杰弗逊、西奥多·罗斯福和亚伯拉罕·林肯，这四位总统被认为代表了美国建国150年来的历史。整个公园占地面积1278英亩，最高处海拔为5725英尺。公园由美国内政部下属的一个分局——国家公园管理局进行管理。世界遗产
尼亚加拉瀑布和黄石国家公园(7张)
美国丰富的自然资源和多样的民族文化使它成为极具吸引力的旅游国家。美国的西部有著名的大峡谷国家公园和黄石国家公园；靠太平洋的西海岸地区有风光绮旎、阳光灿烂的加利福尼亚州，旧金山和洛杉矶就位于此。在北部近加拿大边界附近，有著名的五大湖游览区，其中最壮观的景点是尼亚加拉大瀑布。此外，位于美国西面太平洋上的夏威夷群岛也是全球闻名的度假胜地。还有适于冒险者的科罗拉多大峡谷。美国共有21项世界文化与自然遗产（其中2项与加拿大共有），其中包括8项世界文化遗产，12项世界自然遗产，1项双重遗产。
事件
华为申请中止将孟晚舟引渡到美国
2020年7月23日，华为律师已向加拿大法院申请中止将孟晚舟引渡到美国的程序，他们指责特朗普和美国政府其他高级官员意图将孟晚舟作为“贸易争端的讨价还价筹码”，破坏了加拿大司法程序的完整性。
美国国会大楼抗议冲突
当地时间1月6日中午，特朗普出席其支持者游行，并在白宫前向示威群众讲话。
美国国会大楼抗议冲突(7张)
当地时间1月6日下午（北京时间1月7日03时16分），数百名抗议者聚集在美国首都华盛顿特区，为支持唐纳德·特朗普进行示威活动，以向正在进行的国会联席会议施压，让其拒绝确认乔·拜登选举获胜的结果。特朗普的支持者们高呼“USA”，挥舞着美国国旗和写着“不要践踏我”的旗帜在国会大厦前进行抗议。部分抗议者穿过美国国会大厦周边设置的障碍，与全副武装的警察扭打起来。据国会警察称，国会大厦已经在与示威者的冲突中被攻破。当地时间1月6日下午（北京时间1月7日03时44分），由于华盛顿的示威游行转向暴力倾向，并威胁国会活动，华盛顿市长鲍泽下令从当天晚上6时开始实施宵禁，直到1月7日早上6时。
当地时间1月6日下午（北京时间1月7日03时53分），由于华盛顿部分示威者进入美国国会区域，美国国会警方认为将对正在进行大选认证程序的国会议员造成威胁，国会议员被要求进行就地避难。参议院辩论已经停止。
当地时间1月6日（北京时间1月7日03时54分），据消息人士透露，美国国会警察要求包括联邦当局在内的更多执法部门提供协助，以应对越发无法控制的抗议人群。
当地时间1月6日下午（北京时间1月7日3时58分），一位议员向美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）证实，众议院正在进行紧急人员撤离。此外，报道称美国副总统迈克·彭斯已从国会大厦撤离。据报道，抗议者们攻破了国会大厦，敲打着众议院大门，使得众议院不得不进行人员紧急撤离。
北京时间1月7日4时31分，据美国有线电视新闻网援引两位知情人士透露，一名女子在国会大厦内胸部中弹，目前情况危急。
当地时间1月6日（北京时间1月7日05时29分），美国总统当选人拜登就在美国国会大楼发生的抗议冲突发表讲话，称其是对民主的“侵犯”。并呼吁特朗普站出来对他的支持者们喊话，停止这场抗议冲突。
当地时间1月6日下午（北京时间1月7日05时30分），特朗普发表视频讲话，在讲话中他继续指责2020年总统选举是有欺诈的选举，但他呼吁示威者“现在就该回家了，和平地回家”。
当地时间1月6日（北京时间1月7日05时41分），据美国有线电视新闻网报道，由于支持特朗普的抗议者们袭击国会大楼，并破坏了建筑设施，国会警官表示，参议院6日或近期内都不会在国会大厦开会，因为大楼被“拆毁”。
当地时间1月6日（北京时间1月7日07时18分），美国华盛顿特区警察局表示，今天早些时候被报在国会大厦内遭枪击的女子已确认死亡，目前还不能确认死者的身份。
当地时间1月6日晚（北京时间1月7日07时25分），美国总统特朗普在社交网站发文，为下午在国会大厦发生的混乱进行辩护。特朗普说：“这些都是当神圣的压倒性选举胜利（指特朗普认为自己在总统大选中获胜），被毫不客气地、恶毒地从伟大的爱国者手中剥夺时发生的事。他们已经被长时间不公正地对待了。大家要充满爱与和平地回家。请永远记住这一天！”社交网站随即在该条发文下提示，称关于选举的声明是存疑的，因担心暴力因素，该条声明无法被转发。
当地时间1月6日晚（北京时间1月7日07时47分），抗议者们在华盛顿特区宵禁开始后缓慢从国会大厦撤离。美国众议院议长南希·佩洛西宣布，国会领导人已决定恢复联席会议，一旦国会大厦危机解除并可以使用后，议员们将继续对选举人票的计票进行认证。
当地时间1月6日晚（北京时间1月7日08时16分），知名社交网站宣布，当天网站删除了特朗普3条个人文章，包括了他发表的视频称选举作弊，并呼吁示威者和平回家。此外，该网站宣布特朗普账号将被冻结12小时。他们声称，如果未来有进一步违反平台规则的情况发生，包括暴力威胁政策等，将会导致账号被永久移除。
当地时间1月6日（北京时间1月7日08时51分），美国第一夫人梅拉尼娅·特朗普的现任幕僚长斯蒂芬妮·格里舍姆、白宫前通讯总监兼新闻秘书，于今日下午国会大厦抗议冲突爆发后提交辞呈，辞呈将立即生效。
北京时间1月7日09时11分，美国参众两院恢复联席会议认证选票。
弹劾总统
2021年1月13日，美国国会众议院表决通过针对总统特朗普的弹劾条款，正式指控他“煽动叛乱”。特朗普成为美国历史上首位两度遭弹劾的总统。
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