11th century

Introduction

Theperiodfrom1000to1099iscalledthe11thcentury.

Importantevents

TheriseoftheIncaempirecivilizationinSouthAmerica.

China

In1004,atthebattleofChanzhou,theSongEmpireandtheLiaoEmpiretied,andSongproposedapeace.HistoricallyknownastheAllianceofChangyuan

In1038,LiYuanhao,theleaderofthevassalregimeoftheSongDynasty,lefttheSongDynastyandbecameindependent,proclaimedhimselftheemperor,wenttotheSongDynasty,andchangedthetitleof“HeavenlyGivingCeremonyYanzuo”,thefoundingtitleof“Daxia”,XixiaTheempirewasborn.

In1039,becausetheSongEmpirewasdissatisfiedwithLiYuanhao'srebellion,itsenttroopstoXixiaandtheHundredYears'Warbrokeout.

In1040,thebattleofSongXiaSanchuankou.TheSongEmpirewasdefeated.

In1041,SongXiahadthebattleofShuichuan.TheSongEmpirewasdefeated.

In1042,SongDynastywasdefeatedinthebattleofChuanpanbySongXia.

In1044,SongXiarealizedpeacetalks,whichwascalledQinglipeacetalksinhistory.ThefirststageoftheHundredYears'WarofSongXiaended.

In1064,XixiaattackedGyeongjuandprovokedtheendofthewar.ThesecondstageoftheSongXiaHundredYears’Warbrokeout.Inthesameyear,SongXialaunchedabattleforDashunCity,andXixiawasdefeated.XiaYizongLiLiangzuowasinjuredanddiedmorethanayearlater.AfterXixia,hegraduallybecameonthedefensive.Nogreaterwarbrokeoutatthisstage.

Inthe1960s,WangAnshireformed.Inthesameyear,heattackedtheQingtangTuboandJiaoSiLuoregimestothewest,openedupmorethan2,000miles,establishedXiheRoad,andgraduallybegantotakethestrategicinitiativeinXixia.AtthesametimeasXiheopeneduptheborder,SongShenzongalsobegantotrytoattackXia.earth.HefirstchosethedirectionofHengshantoattackXixia.

1067-1071,thebattleofSongXiaXihe.ZhongYiledhistroopstoforcethesurrendertotheWeiMingMountainofSuizhou,Xixia.InthefouryearsofXining,HanJiangcommandedtroopstobuildFuningandLawuCityinordertocompletethecityHengshanandrealizethestrategicconceptofattackingXixia.However,thismilitaryactionendedwiththeXixiaarmybreakingdownthetwocitiesoneafteranother.Underthissituation,ShenzongadoptedthesuggestionsofWangShaoandothers,andsenttroopsoutofQinzhoutorecruitandconquerthescatteredQiangandTubotribesintheXihearea,inordertoachievethemilitaryconceptofattackingXixiaintheeastandwest.However,thesubsequentLiao-SongborderdisputesandtheJiaozhiinvasionoftheSongDynasty,aswellastheanti-SongwaroftheQiangandFantribesonXiheRoad,disruptedthecontinuedimplementationofthismilitarydeployment,andSongShenzongwasforcedtostopthewesternexpedition..

In1081,theempressdowagerofXixialiangimprisonedXiaHuizongBingchang,leadingtodomesticpoliticalchaos.Andinthesameyear,SongShenzongdesignatedafive-waystrategytocutthesummer.However,duetologisticalproblems,SongJun'sfinalstrategyfailed.

In1082,theSongEmpirewasdefeatedinthebattleofYongleCity.

In1092,thebattleofHongdeCity,theSongEmpirewon.

From1093to1095,thefirstbattleofPingxiaCitywasthevictoryoftheSongEmpire.

1096-1099,thesecondbattleofPingxiaCity,theSongEmpirewon.

From1086to1093,Mengxi'spentalksbecameabook.

IntheNorthernSongDynastyofChina,BiShenginventedmovabletypeprinting.Sincethen,woodtype,tintype,coppertypeandleadtypehaveappearedoneafteranother.

RocketsandmissilestookshapeintheSouthernSongDynasty.

TheChineseinthe11thcenturybegantousebelt-driventextilemachines.QinGuan’sbook"CentralBook"detailsthestructureofthereelingcar,severalkeycomponentsanditsusage.Thepedalsgeneratepowerandthesilkiswoundonthespool.Thisbookistheearliestrecordofreeling.IntheSouthernSongDynastyShaoxingperiod,the"PlowingandWeavingPicture"bythepainterLouYanusedtheformofdrawingtorecordfarmingandsilkwormweavingindetail.

Europe

TheGreatSplitofChristianity.

TheCrusades.